knows (knows)

The epistemic predicate of knowing. (knows agent formula) means that agent knows the proposition expressed by formula. Note that knows entails conscious awareness, so this Predicate cannot be used to express tacit or subconscious or unconscious knowledge.

Ontology

SUMO / BASE-ONTOLOGY

Class(es)

class

inheritable relation

propositional attitude

knows

Superrelation(s)

in scope of interest

knows

Coordinate term(s)

believes considers desires

Type restrictions

knows(cognitive agent, formula)

Related WordNet synsets

cognition, knowledge: the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning
knowing: clear and certain mental apprehension
cognizance, ken: range of what one can know or understand
known: apprehended with certainty; "a known quantity"; "the limits of the known world"; "a musician known throughout the world"; "a known criminal"

See more related synsets on a separate page.

Axioms (8)

If agent knows formula, then agent believes formula.

(=>
      (knows ?AGENT ?FORMULA)
      (believes ?AGENT ?FORMULA))

If agent knows formula, then formula is true.

(=>
      (knows ?AGENT ?FORMULA)
      (true ?FORMULA True))

If meas is an instance of measuring and meas is an agent of agent and obj is a patient of meas, then there exist quant,unit so that agent knows "the measure of obj is "quant unit(s)"" immediately after "the time of existence of meas".

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?MEAS Measuring)
            (agent ?MEAS ?AGENT)
            (patient ?MEAS ?OBJ))
      (exists
            (?QUANT ?UNIT)
            (holdsDuring
                  (ImmediateFutureFn
                        (WhenFn ?MEAS))
                  (knows
                        ?AGENT
                        (measure
                              ?OBJ
                              (MeasureFn ?QUANT ?UNIT))))))

If count is an instance of counting and count is an agent of agent and entity is a patient of count, then there exists number so that agent knows ""the number of instances in entity" is equal to number".

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?COUNT Counting)
            (agent ?COUNT ?AGENT)
            (patient ?COUNT ?ENTITY))
      (exists
            (?NUMBER)
            (knows
                  ?AGENT
                  (equal
                        (CardinalityFn ?ENTITY)
                        ?NUMBER))))

If investigate is an instance of investigating and investigate is an agent of agent and prop is a patient of investigate, then agent doesn't know prop the time of existence of investigate.

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?INVESTIGATE Investigating)
            (agent ?INVESTIGATE ?AGENT)
            (patient ?INVESTIGATE ?PROP))
      (holdsDuring
            (WhenFn ?INVESTIGATE)
            (not
                  (knows ?AGENT ?PROP))))

If proc is an instance of diagnostic process and proc is an agent of agent, then there exists cause so that proc has &n purpose "agent knows "cause causes proc"" for agent.

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?PROC DiagnosticProcess)
            (agent ?PROC ?AGENT))
      (exists
            (?CAUSE)
            (hasPurposeForAgent
                  ?PROC
                  (knows
                        ?AGENT
                        (causes ?CAUSE ?PROC))
                  ?AGENT)))

If question is an instance of questioning and question is an agent of agent and formula is a patient of question and formula is an instance of formula, then agent doesn't know formula the time of existence of question.

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?QUESTION Questioning)
            (agent ?QUESTION ?AGENT)
            (patient ?QUESTION ?FORMULA)
            (instance ?FORMULA Formula))
      (holdsDuring
            (WhenFn ?QUESTION)
            (not
                  (knows ?AGENT ?FORMULA))))

If see is an instance of seeing and see is an agent of agent and obj is a patient of see, then

illuminated is an attribute of obj
there exists color attribute prop so that agent knows "prop is an attribute of obj"

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?SEE Seeing)
            (agent ?SEE ?AGENT)
            (patient ?SEE ?OBJ))
      (and
            (attribute ?OBJ Illuminated)
            (exists
                  (?PROP)
                  (and
                        (instance ?PROP ColorAttribute)
                        (knows
                              ?AGENT
                              (attribute ?OBJ ?PROP))))))