exists (exists)
The existential quantifier of predicate logic.
Ontology
SUMO / STRUCTURAL-ONTOLOGYClass(es)
Coordinate term(s)
<=>
=>
and
entails
forall
not
or
Type restrictions
exists(list, formula)
Related WordNet synsets
- being, beingness, existence
- the state or fact of existing: "a point of view gradually coming into being"; "laws in existence for centuries"
- reality, realness, realism
- the state of being actual or real: "the reality of his situation slowly dawned on him"
- actuality
- the state of actually existing objectively: "a hope that progressed from possibility to actuality"
- subsistence
- the state of existing in reality; having substance
- exist, be
- have an existence, be extant; "Is there a God?"
See more related synsets on a separate page.
Axioms (290)
If entity is an immediate instance of class, then there doesn't exist class subclass so that entity is an instance of subclass.
(=>
(immediateInstance ?ENTITY ?CLASS)
(not
(exists
(?SUBCLASS)
(and
(subclass ?SUBCLASS ?CLASS)
(instance ?ENTITY ?SUBCLASS)))))
If class1 is an immediate subclass of class2, then there doesn't exist class2 class3 so that class1 is a subclass of class3 and class2 is not equal to class3 and class1 is not equal to class3.
(=>
(immediateSubclass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2)
(not
(exists
(?CLASS3)
(and
(subclass ?CLASS3 ?CLASS2)
(subclass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS3)
(not
(equal ?CLASS2 ?CLASS3))
(not
(equal ?CLASS1 ?CLASS3))))))
(=>
(exhaustiveAttribute ?CLASS @ROW)
(forall
(?OBJ)
(=>
(instance ?ATTR1 ?CLASS)
(exists
(?ATTR2)
(and
(inList
?ATTR2
(ListFn @ROW))
(equal ?ATTR1 ?ATTR2))))))
If attr1 is an immediate successor attribute of attr2 and entity has an attribute attr2 during time1, then there exists time2 so that time2 is a part of "before time1" and entity has an attribute attr1 during time2.
(=>
(and
(successorAttribute ?ATTR1 ?ATTR2)
(holdsDuring
?TIME1
(property ?ENTITY ?ATTR2)))
(exists
(?TIME2)
(and
(temporalPart
?TIME2
(PastFn ?TIME1))
(holdsDuring
?TIME2
(property ?ENTITY ?ATTR1)))))
There exists thing so that thing is an instance of entity.
(exists
(?THING)
(instance ?THING Entity))
phys is an instance of physical if and only if there exist loc,time so that phys is located at loc and phys exists during time.
(<=>
(instance ?PHYS Physical)
(exists
(?LOC ?TIME)
(and
(located ?PHYS ?LOC)
(time ?PHYS ?TIME))))
If atom is an instance of atom, then there exist proton proton,electron electron so that proton is a component of atom and electron is a component of atom.
(=>
(instance ?ATOM Atom)
(exists
(?PROTON ?ELECTRON)
(and
(component ?PROTON ?ATOM)
(component ?ELECTRON ?ATOM)
(instance ?PROTON Proton)
(instance ?ELECTRON Electron))))
If particle is an instance of subatomic particle, then there exists atom atom so that particle is a part of atom.
(=>
(instance ?PARTICLE SubatomicParticle)
(exists
(?ATOM)
(and
(instance ?ATOM Atom)
(part ?PARTICLE ?ATOM))))
If nucleus is an instance of atomic nucleus, then there exist neutron neutron,proton proton so that neutron is a component of nucleus and proton is a component of nucleus.
(=>
(instance ?NUCLEUS AtomicNucleus)
(exists
(?NEUTRON ?PROTON)
(and
(component ?NEUTRON ?NUCLEUS)
(component ?PROTON ?NUCLEUS)
(instance ?NEUTRON Neutron)
(instance ?PROTON Proton))))
If mixture is an instance of mixture, then there exist pure substance pure1,pure substance pure2 so that pure1 is not equal to pure2 and pure1 is a piece of mixture and pure2 is a piece of mixture.
(=>
(instance ?MIXTURE Mixture)
(exists
(?PURE1 ?PURE2)
(and
(subclass ?PURE1 PureSubstance)
(subclass ?PURE2 PureSubstance)
(not
(equal ?PURE1 ?PURE2))
(piece ?PURE1 ?MIXTURE)
(piece ?PURE2 ?MIXTURE))))
If obj is an instance of corpuscular object, then there exist substance substance1,substance substance2 so that substance1 is made of obj and substance2 is made of obj and substance1 is not equal to substance2.
(=>
(instance ?OBJ CorpuscularObject)
(exists
(?SUBSTANCE1 ?SUBSTANCE2)
(and
(subclass ?SUBSTANCE1 Substance)
(subclass ?SUBSTANCE2 Substance)
(material ?SUBSTANCE1 ?OBJ)
(material ?SUBSTANCE2 ?OBJ)
(not
(equal ?SUBSTANCE1 ?SUBSTANCE2)))))
If region is an instance of region, then there exists phys so that phys is located at region.
(=>
(instance ?REGION Region)
(exists
(?PHYS)
(located ?PHYS ?REGION)))
If coll is an instance of collection, then there exists obj so that obj is a member of coll.
(=>
(instance ?COLL Collection)
(exists
(?OBJ)
(member ?OBJ ?COLL)))
If string is an instance of symbolic string, then there exists character part so that part is a part of string.
(=>
(instance ?STRING SymbolicString)
(exists
(?PART)
(and
(part ?PART ?STRING)
(instance ?PART Character))))
If lang is an instance of constructed language, then there exists planning plan so that lang is a result of plan.
(=>
(instance ?LANG ConstructedLanguage)
(exists
(?PLAN)
(and
(instance ?PLAN Planning)
(result ?PLAN ?LANG))))
agent is an instance of agent if and only if there exists proc so that proc is an agent of agent.
(<=>
(instance ?AGENT Agent)
(exists
(?PROC)
(agent ?PROC ?AGENT)))
If process is an instance of dual object process, then there exist obj1,obj2 so that obj1 is a patient of process and obj2 is a patient of process and obj1 is not equal to obj2.
(=>
(instance ?PROCESS DualObjectProcess)
(exists
(?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
(and
(patient ?PROCESS ?OBJ1)
(patient ?PROCESS ?OBJ2)
(not
(equal ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)))))
abs is an instance of abstract if and only if there doesn't exist point so that abs is located at point or abs exists during point.
(<=>
(instance ?ABS Abstract)
(not
(exists
(?POINT)
(or
(located ?ABS ?POINT)
(time ?ABS ?POINT)))))
If number is an instance of imaginary number, then there exists real number real so that number is equal to "real*"the square root of "".
(=>
(instance ?NUMBER ImaginaryNumber)
(exists
(?REAL)
(and
(instance ?REAL RealNumber)
(equal
?NUMBER
(MultiplicationFn
?REAL
(SquareRootFn -1))))))
If number is an instance of complex number, then there exist real number real1,real number real2 so that number is equal to "(real1+"real2*"the square root of "")".
(=>
(instance ?NUMBER ComplexNumber)
(exists
(?REAL1 ?REAL2)
(and
(instance ?REAL1 RealNumber)
(instance ?REAL2 RealNumber)
(equal
?NUMBER
(AdditionFn
?REAL1
(MultiplicationFn
?REAL2
(SquareRootFn -1)))))))
rel is an instance of total valued relation if and only if there exists valence so that rel is an instance of relation and rel %&has valence argument(s) and - if for all number,element,class holds: if number is less than valence and the number number argument of rel is an instance of class and element is equal to "numberth element of "()"", then element is an instance of class,
- then there exists item so that rel(,item) holds
.
(<=>
(instance ?REL TotalValuedRelation)
(exists
(?VALENCE)
(and
(instance ?REL Relation)
(valence ?REL ?VALENCE)
(=>
(forall
(?NUMBER ?ELEMENT ?CLASS)
(=>
(and
(lessThan ?NUMBER ?VALENCE)
(domain ?REL ?NUMBER ?CLASS)
(equal
?ELEMENT
(ListOrderFn
(ListFn @ROW)
?NUMBER)))
(instance ?ELEMENT ?CLASS)))
(exists
(?ITEM)
(holds ?REL @ROW ?ITEM))))))
If rel is an instance of binary relation, then there don't exist item1,item2,item3, so that rel(item1,item2,item3,) holds.
(=>
(instance ?REL BinaryRelation)
(not
(exists
(?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 @ROW)
(holds ?REL ?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 @ROW))))
If process is an instance of process, then there exists cause so that process is an agent of cause.
(=>
(instance ?PROCESS Process)
(exists
(?CAUSE)
(agent ?PROCESS ?CAUSE)))
If agent wants obj, then there exists purp so that obj has &n purpose purp for agent.
(=>
(wants ?AGENT ?OBJ)
(exists
(?PURP)
(hasPurposeForAgent ?OBJ ?PURP ?AGENT)))
If agent believes formula, then there exists time so that agent considers formula during time.
(=>
(believes ?AGENT ?FORMULA)
(exists
(?TIME)
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(considers ?AGENT ?FORMULA))))
If rel is an instance of ternary relation, then there don't exist item1,item2,item3,item4, so that rel(item1,item2,item3,item4,) holds.
(=>
(instance ?REL TernaryRelation)
(not
(exists
(?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 ?ITEM4 @ROW)
(holds ?REL ?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 ?ITEM4 @ROW))))
If rel is an instance of quaternary relation, then there don't exist item1,item2,item3,item4,item5, so that rel(item1,item2,item3,item4,item5,) holds.
(=>
(instance ?REL QuaternaryRelation)
(not
(exists
(?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 ?ITEM4 ?ITEM5 @ROW)
(holds ?REL ?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 ?ITEM4 ?ITEM5 @ROW))))
If rel is an instance of quintary relation, then there don't exist item1,item2,item3,item4,item5,item6, so that rel(item1,item2,item3,item4,item5,item6,) holds.
(=>
(instance ?REL QuintaryRelation)
(not
(exists
(?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 ?ITEM4 ?ITEM5 ?ITEM6 @ROW)
(holds ?REL ?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 ?ITEM4 ?ITEM5 ?ITEM6 @ROW))))
- if list is an instance of list,
- then there exists number1 so that there exists item1 so that "number1th element of list" is not equal to item1 and for all number2 holds: if number2 is an instance of positive integer and number2 is less than number1, then there exists item2 so that "number2th element of list" is equal to item2
.
(=>
(instance ?LIST List)
(exists
(?NUMBER1)
(exists
(?ITEM1)
(and
(not
(equal
(ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER1)
?ITEM1))
(forall
(?NUMBER2)
(=>
(and
(instance ?NUMBER2 PositiveInteger)
(lessThan ?NUMBER2 ?NUMBER1))
(exists
(?ITEM2)
(equal
(ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER2)
?ITEM2))))))))
list is equal to null list if and only if there doesn't exist item so that item is a member of list.
(<=>
(equal ?LIST NullList)
(not
(exists
(?ITEM)
(inList ?ITEM ?LIST))))
- if class is covered by ,
- then for all obj holds: if obj is an instance of class, then there exists item so that item is a member of "()" and obj is an instance of item
.
(=>
(exhaustiveDecomposition ?CLASS @ROW)
(forall
(?OBJ)
(=>
(instance ?OBJ ?CLASS)
(exists
(?ITEM)
(and
(inList
?ITEM
(ListFn @ROW))
(instance ?OBJ ?ITEM))))))
If "length of list" is equal to number1, then for all number2 holds: there exists item so that "number2th element of list" is equal to item if and only if number2 is less than or equal to number1.
(=>
(equal
(ListLengthFn ?LIST)
?NUMBER1)
(forall
(?NUMBER2)
(<=>
(exists
(?ITEM)
(equal
(ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER2)
?ITEM))
(lessThanOrEqualTo ?NUMBER2 ?NUMBER1))))
If "length of list1" is equal to number, then there exists list2 so that list1 starts list2 and "(number+1)" is equal to "length of list2" and ""(number+1)"th element of list2" is equal to item.
(=>
(equal
(ListLengthFn ?LIST1)
?NUMBER)
(exists
(?LIST2)
(and
(initialList ?LIST1 ?LIST2)
(equal
(SuccessorFn ?NUMBER)
(ListLengthFn ?LIST2))
(equal
(ListOrderFn
?LIST2
(SuccessorFn ?NUMBER))
?ITEM))))
item is a member of list if and only if there exists number so that "numberth element of list" is equal to item.
(<=>
(inList ?ITEM ?LIST)
(exists
(?NUMBER)
(equal
(ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER)
?ITEM)))
- if list1 is a sublist of list2,
- then there exists number3 so that for all item holds: if item is a member of list1, then there exist number1,number2 so that "number1th element of list1" is equal to item and "number2th element of list2" is equal to item and number2 is equal to "(number1+number3)"
.
(=>
(subList ?LIST1 ?LIST2)
(exists
(?NUMBER3)
(forall
(?ITEM)
(=>
(inList ?ITEM ?LIST1)
(exists
(?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2)
(and
(equal
(ListOrderFn ?LIST1 ?NUMBER1)
?ITEM)
(equal
(ListOrderFn ?LIST2 ?NUMBER2)
?ITEM)
(equal
?NUMBER2
(AdditionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER3))))))))
If rel is an instance of variable arity relation, then there doesn't exist int so that rel %&has int argument(s).
(=>
(instance ?REL VariableArityRelation)
(not
(exists
(?INT)
(valence ?REL ?INT))))
If proc1 is an instance of process, then there exists proc2 so that proc2 causes proc1.
(=>
(instance ?PROC1 Process)
(exists
(?PROC2)
(causes ?PROC2 ?PROC1)))
- if causes subclass(proc1,proc2) holds,
- then for all inst2 holds: if inst2 is an instance of proc2, then there exists proc1 inst1 so that inst1 causes inst2
.
(=>
(causesSubclass ?PROC1 ?PROC2)
(forall
(?INST2)
(=>
(instance ?INST2 ?PROC2)
(exists
(?INST1)
(and
(instance ?INST1 ?PROC1)
(causes ?INST1 ?INST2))))))
If obj exploits agent, then there exists process so that process is an agent of agent and obj is a resource for process.
(=>
(exploits ?OBJ ?AGENT)
(exists
(?PROCESS)
(and
(agent ?PROCESS ?AGENT)
(resource ?PROCESS ?OBJ))))
If thing has purpose purpose, then there exists agent so that thing has &n purpose purpose for agent.
(=>
(hasPurpose ?THING ?PURPOSE)
(exists
(?AGENT)
(hasPurposeForAgent ?THING ?PURPOSE ?AGENT)))
If obj is partly located in region, then there exists subobj so that subobj is a part of obj and subobj is exactly located in region.
(=>
(partlyLocated ?OBJ ?REGION)
(exists
(?SUBOBJ)
(and
(part ?SUBOBJ ?OBJ)
(exactlyLocated ?SUBOBJ ?REGION))))
If obj is exactly located in region, then there doesn't exist otherobj so that otherobj is exactly located in region and otherobj is not equal to obj.
(=>
(exactlyLocated ?OBJ ?REGION)
(not
(exists
(?OTHEROBJ)
(and
(exactlyLocated ?OTHEROBJ ?REGION)
(not
(equal ?OTHEROBJ ?OBJ))))))
- if person posesses obj,
- then there exists type so that type has the right to perform person and for all process holds: if process is an instance of type, then obj is a patient of process
.
(=>
(possesses ?PERSON ?OBJ)
(exists
(?TYPE)
(and
(holdsRight ?PERSON ?TYPE)
(forall
(?PROCESS)
(=>
(instance ?PROCESS ?TYPE)
(patient ?PROCESS ?OBJ))))))
- if proc1 is a precondition of proc2,
- then if there exists inst2 so that inst2 is an instance of proc2, then there exists inst1 so that inst1 is an instance of proc1
.
(=>
(precondition ?PROC1 ?PROC2)
(=>
(exists
(?INST2)
(instance ?INST2 ?PROC2))
(exists
(?INST1)
(instance ?INST1 ?PROC1))))
If proc1 inhibits proc2, then for all time,place holds: "there exists proc1 inst1 so that inst1 is located at place during time" decreases likelihood of "there exists proc2 inst2 so that inst2 is located at place during time".
(=>
(inhibits ?PROC1 ?PROC2)
(forall
(?TIME ?PLACE)
(decreasesLikelihood
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(exists
(?INST1)
(and
(instance ?INST1 ?PROC1)
(located ?INST1 ?PLACE))))
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(exists
(?INST2)
(and
(instance ?INST2 ?PROC2)
(located ?INST2 ?PLACE)))))))
- if proc1 prevents the occurrence of proc2,
- then for all time,place holds: if there exists proc1 inst1 so that inst1 is located at place during time, then there exists proc2 inst2 so that inst2 is located at place during time
.
(=>
(prevents ?PROC1 ?PROC2)
(forall
(?TIME ?PLACE)
(=>
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(exists
(?INST1)
(and
(instance ?INST1 ?PROC1)
(located ?INST1 ?PLACE))))
(not
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(exists
(?INST2)
(and
(instance ?INST2 ?PROC2)
(located ?INST2 ?PLACE))))))))
If rep represents entity in the language language, then there exists agent so that agent uses rep to stand for entity.
(=>
(representsInLanguage ?REP ?ENTITY ?LANGUAGE)
(exists
(?AGENT)
(representsForAgent ?REP ?ENTITY ?AGENT)))
class1 subsumes the content of class2 if and only if for all obj2,info holds: if obj2 is an instance of class2 and obj2 contains information info, then there exists class1 obj1 so that obj1 contains information info.
(<=>
(subsumesContentClass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2)
(forall
(?OBJ2 ?INFO)
(=>
(and
(instance ?OBJ2 ?CLASS2)
(containsInformation ?OBJ2 ?INFO))
(exists
(?OBJ1)
(and
(instance ?OBJ1 ?CLASS1)
(containsInformation ?OBJ1 ?INFO))))))
If process expresses the content of prop, then there exists content bearing object obj so that obj contains information prop.
(=>
(realization ?PROCESS ?PROP)
(exists
(?OBJ)
(and
(instance ?OBJ ContentBearingObject)
(containsInformation ?OBJ ?PROP))))
express is expressed in language language if and only if there exists prop so that express represents prop in the language language.
(<=>
(expressedInLanguage ?EXPRESS ?LANGUAGE)
(exists
(?PROP)
(representsInLanguage ?EXPRESS ?PROP ?LANGUAGE)))
If agent uses obj, then there exists proc so that proc is an agent of agent and obj is an instrument for proc.
(=>
(uses ?OBJ ?AGENT)
(exists
(?PROC)
(and
(agent ?PROC ?AGENT)
(instrument ?PROC ?OBJ))))
If number is an instance of rational number, then there exist integer int1,integer int2 so that number is equal to "int1/int2".
(=>
(instance ?NUMBER RationalNumber)
(exists
(?INT1 ?INT2)
(and
(instance ?INT1 Integer)
(instance ?INT2 Integer)
(equal
?NUMBER
(DivisionFn ?INT1 ?INT2)))))
If "the ceiling of number" is equal to int, then there doesn't exist integer otherint so that otherint is greater than or equal to number and otherint is less than int.
(=>
(equal
(CeilingFn ?NUMBER)
?INT)
(not
(exists
(?OTHERINT)
(and
(instance ?OTHERINT Integer)
(greaterThanOrEqualTo ?OTHERINT ?NUMBER)
(lessThan ?OTHERINT ?INT)))))
If "the largest integer less than or equal to number" is equal to int, then there doesn't exist integer otherint so that otherint is less than or equal to number and otherint is greater than int.
(=>
(equal
(FloorFn ?NUMBER)
?INT)
(not
(exists
(?OTHERINT)
(and
(instance ?OTHERINT Integer)
(lessThanOrEqualTo ?OTHERINT ?NUMBER)
(greaterThan ?OTHERINT ?INT)))))
- if "the greatest common divisor of " is equal to number,
- then there doesn't exist greater so that greater is greater than number and for all element holds: if element is a member of "()", then "element mod greater" is equal to
.
(=>
(equal
(GreatestCommonDivisorFn @ROW)
?NUMBER)
(not
(exists
(?GREATER)
(and
(greaterThan ?GREATER ?NUMBER)
(forall
(?ELEMENT)
(=>
(inList
?ELEMENT
(ListFn @ROW))
(equal
(RemainderFn ?ELEMENT ?GREATER)
0)))))))
If number is an instance of complex number, then there exist part1,part2 so that part1 is equal to "the real part of number" and part2 is equal to "the imaginary part of number".
(=>
(instance ?NUMBER ComplexNumber)
(exists
(?PART1 ?PART2)
(and
(equal
?PART1
(RealNumberFn ?NUMBER))
(equal
?PART2
(ImaginaryPartFn ?NUMBER)))))
- if "the least common multiple of " is equal to number,
- then there doesn't exist less so that less is less than number and for all element holds: if element is a member of "()", then "less mod element" is equal to
.
(=>
(equal
(LeastCommonMultipleFn @ROW)
?NUMBER)
(not
(exists
(?LESS)
(and
(lessThan ?LESS ?NUMBER)
(forall
(?ELEMENT)
(=>
(inList
?ELEMENT
(ListFn @ROW))
(equal
(RemainderFn ?LESS ?ELEMENT)
0)))))))
There doesn't exist element so that element is an element of null set.
(not
(exists
(?ELEMENT)
(element ?ELEMENT NullSet)))
If set is an instance of finite set, then there exists nonnegative integer number so that number is equal to "the number of instances in set".
(=>
(instance ?SET FiniteSet)
(exists
(?NUMBER)
(and
(instance ?NUMBER NonnegativeInteger)
(equal
?NUMBER
(CardinalityFn ?SET)))))
(=>
(instance ?CLASS MutuallyDisjointClass)
(forall
(?INST1 ?INST2)
(=>
(and
(instance ?INST1 ?CLASS)
(instance ?INST2 ?INST1))
(exists
(?INST3)
(and
(instance ?INST3 ?CLASS)
(not
(instance ?INST2 ?INST3)))))))
If graph is an instance of graph and node1 is an instance of graph node and node2 is an instance of graph node and node1 is a part of graph and node2 is a part of graph and node1 is not equal to node2, then there exist arc,path so that - arc links node1 and node2
or .
(=>
(and
(instance ?GRAPH Graph)
(instance ?NODE1 GraphNode)
(instance ?NODE2 GraphNode)
(graphPart ?NODE1 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?NODE2 ?GRAPH)
(not
(equal ?NODE1 ?NODE2)))
(exists
(?ARC ?PATH)
(or
(links ?NODE1 ?NODE2 ?ARC)
(and
(subGraph ?PATH ?GRAPH)
(instance ?PATH GraphPath)
(or
(and
(equal
(BeginNodeFn ?PATH)
?NODE1)
(equal
(EndNodeFn ?PATH)
?NODE2))
(and
(equal
(BeginNodeFn ?PATH)
?NODE2)
(equal
(EndNodeFn ?PATH)
?NODE1)))))))
If graph is an instance of graph, then there exist node1,node2,node3,arc1,arc2 so that node1 is a part of graph and node2 is a part of graph and node3 is a part of graph and arc1 is a part of graph and arc2 is a part of graph and node2 links arc1 and node1 and node3 links arc2 and node2 and node1 is not equal to node2 and node2 is not equal to node3 and node1 is not equal to node3 and arc1 is not equal to arc2.
(=>
(instance ?GRAPH Graph)
(exists
(?NODE1 ?NODE2 ?NODE3 ?ARC1 ?ARC2)
(and
(graphPart ?NODE1 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?NODE2 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?NODE3 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?ARC1 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?ARC2 ?GRAPH)
(links ?ARC1 ?NODE1 ?NODE2)
(links ?ARC2 ?NODE2 ?NODE3)
(not
(equal ?NODE1 ?NODE2))
(not
(equal ?NODE2 ?NODE3))
(not
(equal ?NODE1 ?NODE3))
(not
(equal ?ARC1 ?ARC2)))))
If graph is an instance of directed graph and arc is an instance of graph arc and arc is a part of graph, then there exist node1,node2 so that "the starting node of arc" is equal to node1 and "the terminal node of arc" is equal to node2.
(=>
(and
(instance ?GRAPH DirectedGraph)
(instance ?ARC GraphArc)
(graphPart ?ARC ?GRAPH))
(exists
(?NODE1 ?NODE2)
(and
(equal
(InitialNodeFn ?ARC)
?NODE1)
(equal
(TerminalNodeFn ?ARC)
?NODE2))))
If graph is an instance of tree, then there doesn't exist graph loop loop so that loop is a part of graph.
(=>
(instance ?GRAPH Tree)
(not
(exists
(?LOOP)
(and
(instance ?LOOP GraphLoop)
(graphPart ?LOOP ?GRAPH)))))
(=>
(and
(instance ?GRAPH GraphPath)
(instance ?ARC GraphArc)
(graphPart ?ARC ?GRAPH))
(=>
(equal
(InitialNodeFn ?ARC)
?NODE)
(not
(exists
(?OTHER)
(and
(equal
(InitialNodeFn ?OTHER)
?NODE)
(not
(equal ?OTHER ?ARC)))))))
(=>
(and
(instance ?GRAPH GraphPath)
(instance ?ARC GraphArc)
(graphPart ?ARC ?GRAPH))
(=>
(equal
(TerminalNodeFn ?ARC)
?NODE)
(not
(exists
(?OTHER)
(and
(equal
(TerminalNodeFn ?OTHER)
?NODE)
(not
(equal ?OTHER ?ARC)))))))
graph is an instance of graph circuit if and only if there exists node so that "the beginning of graph" is equal to node and "the end of graph" is equal to node.
(<=>
(instance ?GRAPH GraphCircuit)
(exists
(?NODE)
(and
(equal
(BeginNodeFn ?GRAPH)
?NODE)
(equal
(EndNodeFn ?GRAPH)
?NODE))))
graph is an instance of multi graph if and only if there exist arc1,arc2,node1,node2 so that arc1 is a part of graph and arc2 is a part of graph and node1 is a part of graph and node2 is a part of graph and arc1 links node1 and node2 and arc2 links node1 and node2 and arc1 is not equal to arc2.
(<=>
(instance ?GRAPH MultiGraph)
(exists
(?ARC1 ?ARC2 ?NODE1 ?NODE2)
(and
(graphPart ?ARC1 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?ARC2 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?NODE1 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?NODE2 ?GRAPH)
(links ?NODE1 ?NODE2 ?ARC1)
(links ?NODE1 ?NODE2 ?ARC2)
(not
(equal ?ARC1 ?ARC2)))))
graph is an instance of pseudo graph if and only if there exists graph loop loop so that loop is a part of graph.
(<=>
(instance ?GRAPH PseudoGraph)
(exists
(?LOOP)
(and
(instance ?LOOP GraphLoop)
(graphPart ?LOOP ?GRAPH))))
If part is an instance of graph element, then there exists graph graph so that part is a part of graph.
(=>
(instance ?PART GraphElement)
(exists
(?GRAPH)
(and
(instance ?GRAPH Graph)
(graphPart ?PART ?GRAPH))))
If node is an instance of graph node, then there exist other,arc so that arc links node and other.
(=>
(instance ?NODE GraphNode)
(exists
(?OTHER ?ARC)
(links ?NODE ?OTHER ?ARC)))
If arc is an instance of graph arc, then there exist node1,node2 so that arc links node1 and node2.
(=>
(instance ?ARC GraphArc)
(exists
(?NODE1 ?NODE2)
(links ?NODE1 ?NODE2 ?ARC)))
loop is an instance of graph loop if and only if there exists node so that loop links node and node.
(<=>
(instance ?LOOP GraphLoop)
(exists
(?NODE)
(links ?NODE ?NODE ?LOOP)))
- if "the set of minimal paths that partition graph into two separate graphs" is equal to pathclass,
- then there exists number so that for all path holds: if path is an instance of pathclass, then the length of path is number
.
(=>
(equal
(MinimalCutSetFn ?GRAPH)
?PATHCLASS)
(exists
(?NUMBER)
(forall
(?PATH)
(=>
(instance ?PATH ?PATHCLASS)
(pathLength ?PATH ?NUMBER)))))
There don't exist the set of paths that partition graph into two separate graphs path1,the set of minimal paths that partition graph into two separate graphs path2 so that the length of path1 is number1 and the length of path2 is number2 and number1 is less than number2.
(not
(exists
(?PATH1 ?PATH2)
(and
(instance
?PATH1
(CutSetFn ?GRAPH))
(instance
?PATH2
(MinimalCutSetFn ?GRAPH))
(pathLength ?PATH1 ?NUMBER1)
(pathLength ?PATH2 ?NUMBER2)
(lessThan ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2))))
If the altitude of obj1 is obj2, then there exists top so that the top of obj1 is top and the distance between top and obj2 is height.
(=>
(altitude ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?HEIGHT)
(exists
(?TOP)
(and
(top ?TOP ?OBJ1)
(distance ?TOP ?OBJ2 ?HEIGHT))))
If depth(obj1,obj2,depth) holds, then there exists bottom so that the bottom of obj1 is bottom and the distance between bottom and obj2 is depth.
(=>
(depth ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?DEPTH)
(exists
(?BOTTOM)
(and
(bottom ?BOTTOM ?OBJ1)
(distance ?BOTTOM ?OBJ2 ?DEPTH))))
If point is an instance of time point and point is not equal to positive infinity, then there exists otherpoint so that otherpoint is between point and positive infinity.
(=>
(and
(instance ?POINT TimePoint)
(not
(equal ?POINT PositiveInfinity)))
(exists
(?OTHERPOINT)
(temporallyBetween ?POINT ?OTHERPOINT PositiveInfinity)))
If point is an instance of time point and point is not equal to negative infinity, then there exists otherpoint so that otherpoint is between negative infinity and point.
(=>
(and
(instance ?POINT TimePoint)
(not
(equal ?POINT NegativeInfinity)))
(exists
(?OTHERPOINT)
(temporallyBetween NegativeInfinity ?OTHERPOINT ?POINT)))
- if proc occurs every time1,
- then for all time2 holds: if duration of time2 is time1, then there exists position so that position is a part of time2 and there exists inst so that inst is an instance of proc during position
.
(=>
(frequency ?PROC ?TIME1)
(forall
(?TIME2)
(=>
(duration ?TIME2 ?TIME1)
(exists
(?POSITION)
(and
(temporalPart ?POSITION ?TIME2)
(holdsDuring
?POSITION
(exists
(?INST)
(instance ?INST ?PROC))))))))
If point is an instance of time point, then there exists time interval interval so that point is a part of interval.
(=>
(instance ?POINT TimePoint)
(exists
(?INTERVAL)
(and
(instance ?INTERVAL TimeInterval)
(temporalPart ?POINT ?INTERVAL))))
If interval is an instance of time interval, then there exists time point point so that point is a part of interval.
(=>
(instance ?INTERVAL TimeInterval)
(exists
(?POINT)
(and
(instance ?POINT TimePoint)
(temporalPart ?POINT ?INTERVAL))))
(=>
(instance ?OBJ Object)
(exists
(?TIME1 ?TIME2)
(and
(instance ?TIME1 TimePoint)
(instance ?TIME2 TimePoint)
(before ?TIME1 ?TIME2)
(forall
(?TIME)
(=>
(and
(beforeOrEqual ?TIME1 ?TIME)
(beforeOrEqual ?TIME ?TIME2))
(time ?OBJ ?TIME))))))
interval2 overlaps interval1 if and only if there exists time interval interval3 so that interval3 is a part of interval1 and interval3 is a part of interval2.
(<=>
(overlapsTemporally ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2)
(exists
(?INTERVAL3)
(and
(instance ?INTERVAL3 TimeInterval)
(temporalPart ?INTERVAL3 ?INTERVAL1)
(temporalPart ?INTERVAL3 ?INTERVAL2))))
If interval is an instance of "the recurring period from timeclass1 to timeclass2", then there exist timeclass1 time1,timeclass2 time2 so that time1 starts interval and time2 finishes interval.
(=>
(instance
?INTERVAL
(RecurrentTimeIntervalFn ?TIMECLASS1 ?TIMECLASS2))
(exists
(?TIME1 ?TIME2)
(and
(instance ?TIME1 ?TIMECLASS1)
(instance ?TIME2 ?TIMECLASS2)
(starts ?TIME1 ?INTERVAL)
(finishes ?TIME2 ?INTERVAL))))
- if "decomposition of interval into ? interval-types" is equal to class,
- then for all time1,time2 holds: if time1 is an instance of interval-type and time2 is an instance of class, then there exists duration so that duration of time1 is duration and duration of time2 is duration
.
(=>
(equal
(TemporalCompositionFn ?INTERVAL ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
?CLASS)
(forall
(?TIME1 ?TIME2)
(=>
(and
(instance ?TIME1 ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
(instance ?TIME2 ?CLASS))
(exists
(?DURATION)
(and
(duration ?TIME1 ?DURATION)
(duration ?TIME2 ?DURATION))))))
If "decomposition of interval into ? interval-types" is equal to class, then there exists class time so that time starts interval.
(=>
(equal
(TemporalCompositionFn ?INTERVAL ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
?CLASS)
(exists
(?TIME)
(and
(instance ?TIME ?CLASS)
(starts ?TIME ?INTERVAL))))
If "decomposition of interval into ? interval-types" is equal to class, then there exists class time so that time finishes interval.
(=>
(equal
(TemporalCompositionFn ?INTERVAL ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
?CLASS)
(exists
(?TIME)
(and
(instance ?TIME ?CLASS)
(finishes ?TIME ?INTERVAL))))
- if "decomposition of interval into ? interval-types" is equal to class,
- then for all time1 holds: if time1 is an instance of class and time1 doesn't finish interval, then there exists class time2 so that time1 meets time2
.
(=>
(equal
(TemporalCompositionFn ?INTERVAL ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
?CLASS)
(forall
(?TIME1)
(=>
(and
(instance ?TIME1 ?CLASS)
(not
(finishes ?TIME1 ?INTERVAL)))
(exists
(?TIME2)
(and
(instance ?TIME2 ?CLASS)
(meetsTemporally ?TIME1 ?TIME2))))))
- if "decomposition of interval into ? interval-types" is equal to class,
- then for all time1 holds: if time1 is an instance of class and time1 doesn't start interval, then there exists class time2 so that time2 meets time1
.
(=>
(equal
(TemporalCompositionFn ?INTERVAL ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
?CLASS)
(forall
(?TIME1)
(=>
(and
(instance ?TIME1 ?CLASS)
(not
(starts ?TIME1 ?INTERVAL)))
(exists
(?TIME2)
(and
(instance ?TIME2 ?CLASS)
(meetsTemporally ?TIME2 ?TIME1))))))
- if "decomposition of interval into ? interval-types" is equal to class,
- then for all time holds: if time is an instance of time point and time is a part of interval, then there exists class instance so that time is a part of instance
.
(=>
(equal
(TemporalCompositionFn ?INTERVAL ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
?CLASS)
(forall
(?TIME)
(=>
(and
(instance ?TIME TimePoint)
(temporalPart ?TIME ?INTERVAL))
(exists
(?INSTANCE)
(and
(instance ?INSTANCE ?CLASS)
(temporalPart ?TIME ?INSTANCE))))))
obj1 overlaps with obj2 if and only if there exists obj3 so that obj3 is a part of obj1 and obj3 is a part of obj2.
(<=>
(overlapsSpatially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
(exists
(?OBJ3)
(and
(part ?OBJ3 ?OBJ1)
(part ?OBJ3 ?OBJ2))))
If rel is an instance of case role and rel(process,obj) holds, then there exists time so that "the place where process was at time" overlaps with obj.
(=>
(and
(instance ?REL CaseRole)
(holds ?REL ?PROCESS ?OBJ))
(exists
(?TIME)
(overlapsSpatially
(WhereFn ?PROCESS ?TIME)
?OBJ)))
obj1 partially overlaps with obj2 if and only if - obj1 is not a part of obj2
and - obj2 is not a part of obj1
and - there exists obj3 so that obj3 is a part of obj1 and obj3 is a part of obj2
.
(<=>
(overlapsPartially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
(and
(not
(part ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))
(not
(part ?OBJ2 ?OBJ1))
(exists
(?OBJ3)
(and
(part ?OBJ3 ?OBJ1)
(part ?OBJ3 ?OBJ2)))))
If obj1 is a superficial part of obj2, then obj1 is not a interior part of obj2 and there doesn't exist obj3 so that obj3 is a interior part of obj1.
(=>
(superficialPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
(and
(not
(interiorPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))
(not
(exists
(?OBJ3)
(interiorPart ?OBJ3 ?OBJ1)))))
If a side of object is side and part is a part of object and part is not connected to side, then there exists direct so that side is direct to part.
(=>
(and
(side ?SIDE ?OBJECT)
(part ?PART ?OBJECT)
(not
(connected ?PART ?SIDE)))
(exists
(?DIRECT)
(orientation ?SIDE ?PART ?DIRECT)))
The width of object is width if and only if there exist side1,side2 so that a side of object is side1 and a side of object is side2 and the distance between side1 and side2 is width.
(<=>
(width ?OBJECT ?WIDTH)
(exists
(?SIDE1 ?SIDE2)
(and
(side ?SIDE1 ?OBJECT)
(side ?SIDE2 ?OBJECT)
(distance ?SIDE1 ?SIDE2 ?WIDTH))))
hole is an instance of hole if and only if there exists obj so that hole is a hole in obj.
(<=>
(instance ?HOLE Hole)
(exists
(?OBJ)
(hole ?HOLE ?OBJ)))
If hole is a hole in obj1 and hole is a hole in obj2, then there exists obj3 so that obj3 is a properPart of "the intersection of the parts of obj1 and obj2" and hole is a hole in obj3.
(=>
(and
(hole ?HOLE ?OBJ1)
(hole ?HOLE ?OBJ2))
(exists
(?OBJ3)
(and
(properPart
?OBJ3
(MereologicalProductFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))
(hole ?HOLE ?OBJ3))))
If hole1 is an instance of hole, then there exists hole2 so that hole2 is a properPart of hole1.
(=>
(instance ?HOLE1 Hole)
(exists
(?HOLE2)
(properPart ?HOLE2 ?HOLE1)))
If obj1 is equal to "the host of the hole hole", then for all obj2 holds: obj2 overlaps with obj1 if and only if there exists obj3 so that hole is a hole in obj3 and obj2 overlaps with obj3.
(=>
(equal
?OBJ1
(PrincipalHostFn ?HOLE))
(forall
(?OBJ2)
(<=>
(overlapsSpatially ?OBJ2 ?OBJ1)
(exists
(?OBJ3)
(and
(hole ?HOLE ?OBJ3)
(overlapsSpatially ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3))))))
If hole1 is an instance of hole and hole2 is a properPart of hole1, then there exists obj so that hole1 meets obj and hole2 doesn't meet obj.
(=>
(and
(instance ?HOLE1 Hole)
(properPart ?HOLE2 ?HOLE1))
(exists
(?OBJ)
(and
(meetsSpatially ?HOLE1 ?OBJ)
(not
(meetsSpatially ?HOLE2 ?OBJ)))))
If there exists time so that obj fills hole during time, then fillable is an attribute of hole.
(=>
(exists
(?TIME)
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(fills ?OBJ ?HOLE)))
(attribute ?HOLE Fillable))
fillable is an attribute of hole1 if and only if there exists hole hole2 so that hole1 is a part of hole2.
(<=>
(attribute ?HOLE1 Fillable)
(exists
(?HOLE2)
(and
(instance ?HOLE2 Hole)
(part ?HOLE1 ?HOLE2))))
If obj partially fills hole1, then there exists hole2 so that hole2 is a part of hole1 and obj completely fills hole2.
(=>
(partiallyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE1)
(exists
(?HOLE2)
(and
(part ?HOLE2 ?HOLE1)
(completelyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE2))))
If obj properly fills hole1, then there exists hole2 so that hole2 is a part of hole1 and obj fills hole2.
(=>
(properlyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE1)
(exists
(?HOLE2)
(and
(part ?HOLE2 ?HOLE1)
(fills ?OBJ ?HOLE2))))
If obj1 completely fills hole, then there exists obj2 so that obj2 is a part of obj1 and obj2 fills hole.
(=>
(completelyFills ?OBJ1 ?HOLE)
(exists
(?OBJ2)
(and
(part ?OBJ2 ?OBJ1)
(fills ?OBJ2 ?HOLE))))
If obj1 is equal to "the surface of the hole hole", then for all obj2 holds: obj2 overlaps with obj1 if and only if there exists obj3 so that obj3 is a superficial part of "the host of the hole hole" and hole meets obj3 and obj2 overlaps with obj3.
(=>
(equal
?OBJ1
(SkinFn ?HOLE))
(forall
(?OBJ2)
(<=>
(overlapsSpatially ?OBJ2 ?OBJ1)
(exists
(?OBJ3)
(and
(superficialPart
?OBJ3
(PrincipalHostFn ?HOLE))
(meetsSpatially ?HOLE ?OBJ3)
(overlapsSpatially ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3))))))
If proc is an instance of process and subproc is a subprocess of proc, then there exists time so that subproc exists during time.
(=>
(and
(instance ?PROC Process)
(subProcess ?SUBPROC ?PROC))
(exists
(?TIME)
(time ?SUBPROC ?TIME)))
If proc is an instance of biological process, then there exists organism obj so that proc is located at obj.
(=>
(instance ?PROC BiologicalProcess)
(exists
(?OBJ)
(and
(instance ?OBJ Organism)
(located ?PROC ?OBJ))))
If birth is an instance of birth and agent experiences birth, then there exists death death so that agent experiences death.
(=>
(and
(instance ?BIRTH Birth)
(experiencer ?BIRTH ?AGENT))
(exists
(?DEATH)
(and
(instance ?DEATH Death)
(experiencer ?DEATH ?AGENT))))
If death is an instance of death and birth is an instance of birth and agent experiences death and agent experiences birth, then there exists time so that "the time of existence of birth" meets time and time meets "the time of existence of death" and living is an attribute of agent during time.
(=>
(and
(instance ?DEATH Death)
(instance ?BIRTH Birth)
(experiencer ?DEATH ?AGENT)
(experiencer ?BIRTH ?AGENT))
(exists
(?TIME)
(and
(meetsTemporally
(WhenFn ?BIRTH)
?TIME)
(meetsTemporally
?TIME
(WhenFn ?DEATH))
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(attribute ?AGENT Living)))))
If digest is an instance of digesting and digest is an agent of organism, then there exists ingesting ingest so that ingest is an agent of organism and "the time of existence of digest" overlaps "the time of existence of ingest".
(=>
(and
(instance ?DIGEST Digesting)
(agent ?DIGEST ?ORGANISM))
(exists
(?INGEST)
(and
(instance ?INGEST Ingesting)
(agent ?INGEST ?ORGANISM)
(overlapsTemporally
(WhenFn ?INGEST)
(WhenFn ?DIGEST)))))
If digest is an instance of digesting, then there exists chemical decomposition decomp so that decomp is a subprocess of digest.
(=>
(instance ?DIGEST Digesting)
(exists
(?DECOMP)
(and
(instance ?DECOMP ChemicalDecomposition)
(subProcess ?DECOMP ?DIGEST))))
If rep is an instance of replication, then there exists reproductive body body so that body is a result of rep.
(=>
(instance ?REP Replication)
(exists
(?BODY)
(and
(instance ?BODY ReproductiveBody)
(result ?REP ?BODY))))
If rep is an instance of sexual reproduction and organism is a result of rep, then there don't exist mother,father so that mother is a mother of organism and father is a father of organism.
(=>
(and
(instance ?REP SexualReproduction)
(result ?REP ?ORGANISM))
(not
(exists
(?MOTHER ?FATHER)
(and
(mother ?ORGANISM ?MOTHER)
(father ?ORGANISM ?FATHER)))))
If rep is an instance of asexual reproduction and organism is a result of rep, then there don't exist parent1,parent2 so that parent1 is a parent of organism and parent2 is a parent of organism and parent1 is not equal to parent2.
(=>
(and
(instance ?REP AsexualReproduction)
(result ?REP ?ORGANISM))
(not
(exists
(?PARENT1 ?PARENT2)
(and
(parent ?ORGANISM ?PARENT1)
(parent ?ORGANISM ?PARENT2)
(not
(equal ?PARENT1 ?PARENT2))))))
If process is an instance of psychological process, then there exists animal animal so that animal experiences process.
(=>
(instance ?PROCESS PsychologicalProcess)
(exists
(?ANIMAL)
(and
(instance ?ANIMAL Animal)
(experiencer ?PROCESS ?ANIMAL))))
If proc is an instance of organ or tissueprocess, then there exists thing so that proc is located at thing and thing is an instance of organ or thing is an instance of tissue.
(=>
(instance ?PROC OrganOrTissueProcess)
(exists
(?THING)
(and
(located ?PROC ?THING)
(or
(instance ?THING Organ)
(instance ?THING Tissue)))))
If path is an instance of pathologic process and org experiences path, then there exist part,disease or syndrome disease so that part is a part of org and disease is an attribute of part.
(=>
(and
(instance ?PATH PathologicProcess)
(experiencer ?PATH ?ORG))
(exists
(?PART ?DISEASE)
(and
(part ?PART ?ORG)
(instance ?DISEASE DiseaseOrSyndrome)
(attribute ?PART ?DISEASE))))
If inj is an instance of injuring, then there exists anatomical structure struct so that struct is a patient of inj.
(=>
(instance ?INJ Injuring)
(exists
(?STRUCT)
(and
(instance ?STRUCT AnatomicalStructure)
(patient ?INJ ?STRUCT))))
If poison is an instance of poisoning, then there exists thing so that thing is a patient of poison and thing is an instance of organism or thing is an instance of anatomical structure.
(=>
(instance ?POISON Poisoning)
(exists
(?THING)
(and
(patient ?POISON ?THING)
(or
(instance ?THING Organism)
(instance ?THING AnatomicalStructure)))))
If poison is an instance of poisoning, then there exists biologically active substance substance so that substance is an instrument for poison.
(=>
(instance ?POISON Poisoning)
(exists
(?SUBSTANCE)
(and
(instance ?SUBSTANCE BiologicallyActiveSubstance)
(instrument ?POISON ?SUBSTANCE))))
If proc is an instance of intentional process and proc is an agent of agent, then there exists purp so that proc has &n purpose purp for agent.
(=>
(and
(instance ?PROC IntentionalProcess)
(agent ?PROC ?AGENT))
(exists
(?PURP)
(hasPurposeForAgent ?PROC ?PURP ?AGENT)))
If proc is an instance of intentional process, then there exists cognitive agent agent so that proc is an agent of agent.
(=>
(instance ?PROC IntentionalProcess)
(exists
(?AGENT)
(and
(instance ?AGENT CognitiveAgent)
(agent ?PROC ?AGENT))))
If act is an instance of organizational process and act is an agent of agent, then
(=>
(and
(instance ?ACT OrganizationalProcess)
(agent ?ACT ?AGENT))
(or
(instance ?AGENT Organization)
(exists
(?ORG)
(and
(instance ?ORG Organization)
(member ?AGENT ?ORG)))))
If act is an instance of religious process and act is an agent of agent, then
(=>
(and
(instance ?ACT ReligiousProcess)
(agent ?ACT ?AGENT))
(or
(instance ?AGENT ReligiousOrganization)
(exists
(?ORG)
(and
(member ?AGENT ?ORG)
(instance ?ORG ReligiousOrganization)))))
If proc is an instance of political process, then there exists government gov so that proc is an agent of gov or gov is a patient of proc.
(=>
(instance ?PROC PoliticalProcess)
(exists
(?GOV)
(and
(instance ?GOV Government)
(or
(agent ?PROC ?GOV)
(patient ?PROC ?GOV)))))
If increase is an instance of increasing and obj is a patient of increase, then there exist unit,quant1,quant2 so that "obj unit(s)" is equal to quant1 immediately before "the time of existence of increase" and "obj unit(s)" is equal to quant2 immediately after "the time of existence of increase" and quant2 is greater than quant1.
(=>
(and
(instance ?INCREASE Increasing)
(patient ?INCREASE ?OBJ))
(exists
(?UNIT ?QUANT1 ?QUANT2)
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?INCREASE))
(equal
(MeasureFn ?OBJ ?UNIT)
?QUANT1))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?INCREASE))
(equal
(MeasureFn ?OBJ ?UNIT)
?QUANT2))
(greaterThan ?QUANT2 ?QUANT1))))
If heat is an instance of heating and obj is a patient of heat, then there exist temperature measure unit,quant1,quant2 so that "obj unit(s)" is equal to quant1 immediately before "the time of existence of heat" and "obj unit(s)" is equal to quant2 immediately after "the time of existence of heat" and quant2 is greater than quant1.
(=>
(and
(instance ?HEAT Heating)
(patient ?HEAT ?OBJ))
(exists
(?UNIT ?QUANT1 ?QUANT2)
(and
(instance ?UNIT TemperatureMeasure)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?HEAT))
(equal
(MeasureFn ?OBJ ?UNIT)
?QUANT1))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?HEAT))
(equal
(MeasureFn ?OBJ ?UNIT)
?QUANT2))
(greaterThan ?QUANT2 ?QUANT1))))
If decrease is an instance of decreasing and obj is a patient of decrease, then there exist unit,quant1,quant2 so that "obj unit(s)" is equal to quant1 immediately before "the time of existence of decrease" and "obj unit(s)" is equal to quant2 immediately after "the time of existence of decrease" and quant2 is less than quant1.
(=>
(and
(instance ?DECREASE Decreasing)
(patient ?DECREASE ?OBJ))
(exists
(?UNIT ?QUANT1 ?QUANT2)
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?DECREASE))
(equal
(MeasureFn ?OBJ ?UNIT)
?QUANT1))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?DECREASE))
(equal
(MeasureFn ?OBJ ?UNIT)
?QUANT2))
(lessThan ?QUANT2 ?QUANT1))))
If cool is an instance of cooling and obj is a patient of cool, then there exist temperature measure unit,quant1,quant2 so that "obj unit(s)" is equal to quant1 immediately before "the time of existence of cool" and "obj unit(s)" is equal to quant2 immediately after "the time of existence of cool" and quant2 is less than quant1.
(=>
(and
(instance ?COOL Cooling)
(patient ?COOL ?OBJ))
(exists
(?UNIT ?QUANT1 ?QUANT2)
(and
(instance ?UNIT TemperatureMeasure)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?COOL))
(equal
(MeasureFn ?OBJ ?UNIT)
?QUANT1))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?COOL))
(equal
(MeasureFn ?OBJ ?UNIT)
?QUANT2))
(lessThan ?QUANT2 ?QUANT1))))
- if
- path1 is path along with process occurs
and - process origins at source
and - process ends at dest
and - the length of path1 is measure1
and - there don't exist path2,measure2 so that path2 is path along with process occurs and process origins at origin and process ends at dest and the length of path2 is measure2 and measure2 is less than measure1
, - then for all obj holds: if obj is a part of path1, then obj is between source and dest
.
(=>
(and
(path ?PROCESS ?PATH1)
(origin ?PROCESS ?SOURCE)
(destination ?PROCESS ?DEST)
(length ?PATH1 ?MEASURE1)
(not
(exists
(?PATH2 ?MEASURE2)
(and
(path ?PROCESS ?PATH2)
(origin ?PROCESS ?ORIGIN)
(destination ?PROCESS ?DEST)
(length ?PATH2 ?MEASURE2)
(lessThan ?MEASURE2 ?MEASURE1)))))
(forall
(?OBJ)
(=>
(part ?OBJ ?PATH1)
(between ?SOURCE ?OBJ ?DEST))))
If motion is an instance of body motion, then there exist body part obj,organism agent so that obj is a patient of motion and motion is an agent of agent.
(=>
(instance ?MOTION BodyMotion)
(exists
(?OBJ ?AGENT)
(and
(instance ?OBJ BodyPart)
(patient ?MOTION ?OBJ)
(instance ?AGENT Organism)
(agent ?MOTION ?AGENT))))
If walk is an instance of walking and walk is an agent of agent, then there exists land area area so that agent is located at area.
(=>
(and
(instance ?WALK Walking)
(agent ?WALK ?AGENT))
(exists
(?AREA)
(and
(instance ?AREA LandArea)
(located ?AGENT ?AREA))))
If swim is an instance of swimming and swim is an agent of agent, then there exists water area area so that agent is located at area.
(=>
(and
(instance ?SWIM Swimming)
(agent ?SWIM ?AGENT))
(exists
(?AREA)
(and
(instance ?AREA WaterArea)
(located ?AGENT ?AREA))))
If proc is an instance of direction change, then there exists directional attribute attr so that - proc is performed in the manner attr immediately before "the time of existence of proc" and proc is performed in the manner attr immediately after "the time of existence of proc"
or - proc is performed in the manner attr immediately after "the time of existence of proc" and proc is performed in the manner attr immediately before "the time of existence of proc"
.
(=>
(instance ?PROC DirectionChange)
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR DirectionalAttribute)
(or
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?PROC))
(manner ?PROC ?ATTR))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?PROC))
(not
(manner ?PROC ?ATTR))))
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?PROC))
(manner ?PROC ?ATTR))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?PROC))
(not
(manner ?PROC ?ATTR))))))))
If sub is an instance of substituting, then there exist putting put,removing remove,obj1,obj2,place so that put is a subprocess of sub and remove is a subprocess of sub and obj1 is a patient of remove and remove origins at place and obj2 is a patient of put and put ends at place and obj1 is not equal to obj2.
(=>
(instance ?SUB Substituting)
(exists
(?PUT ?REMOVE ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?PLACE)
(and
(instance ?PUT Putting)
(instance ?REMOVE Removing)
(subProcess ?PUT ?SUB)
(subProcess ?REMOVE ?SUB)
(patient ?REMOVE ?OBJ1)
(origin ?REMOVE ?PLACE)
(patient ?PUT ?OBJ2)
(destination ?PUT ?PLACE)
(not
(equal ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)))))
If impact is an instance of impacting and obj is a patient of impact, then there exists impelling impel so that obj is a patient of impel and "the time of existence of impel" happens earlier than "the time of existence of impact".
(=>
(and
(instance ?IMPACT Impacting)
(patient ?IMPACT ?OBJ))
(exists
(?IMPEL)
(and
(instance ?IMPEL Impelling)
(patient ?IMPEL ?OBJ)
(earlier
(WhenFn ?IMPEL)
(WhenFn ?IMPACT)))))
If trans is an instance of transportation, then there exists transportation device device so that device is an instrument for trans.
(=>
(instance ?TRANS Transportation)
(exists
(?DEVICE)
(and
(instance ?DEVICE TransportationDevice)
(instrument ?TRANS ?DEVICE))))
If steer is an instance of steering, then there exists transportation device vehicle so that vehicle is a patient of steer.
(=>
(instance ?STEER Steering)
(exists
(?VEHICLE)
(and
(instance ?VEHICLE TransportationDevice)
(patient ?STEER ?VEHICLE))))
If education is an instance of educational process and person is a patient of education, then education has purpose "there exists learning learn so that person is a patient of learn".
(=>
(and
(instance ?EDUCATION EducationalProcess)
(patient ?EDUCATION ?PERSON))
(hasPurpose
?EDUCATION
(exists
(?LEARN)
(and
(instance ?LEARN Learning)
(patient ?LEARN ?PERSON)))))
If give is an instance of giving and give is an agent of agent1 and give ends at agent2 and agent2 is an instance of agent and obj is a patient of give, then there exists getting get so that get is an agent of agent2 and get origins at agent1 and obj is a patient of get.
(=>
(and
(instance ?GIVE Giving)
(agent ?GIVE ?AGENT1)
(destination ?GIVE ?AGENT2)
(instance ?AGENT2 Agent)
(patient ?GIVE ?OBJ))
(exists
(?GET)
(and
(instance ?GET Getting)
(agent ?GET ?AGENT2)
(origin ?GET ?AGENT1)
(patient ?GET ?OBJ))))
If give is an instance of unilateral giving, then there doesn't exist transaction trans so that give is a subprocess of trans.
(=>
(instance ?GIVE UnilateralGiving)
(not
(exists
(?TRANS)
(and
(instance ?TRANS Transaction)
(subProcess ?GIVE ?TRANS)))))
There exists borrowing borrow so that borrow is an agent of agent1 and borrow origins at agent2 and object is a patient of borrow if and only if there exists lending lend so that lend is an agent of agent2 and lend ends at agent1 and object is a patient of lend.
(<=>
(exists
(?BORROW)
(and
(instance ?BORROW Borrowing)
(agent ?BORROW ?AGENT1)
(origin ?BORROW ?AGENT2)
(patient ?BORROW ?OBJECT)))
(exists
(?LEND)
(and
(instance ?LEND Lending)
(agent ?LEND ?AGENT2)
(destination ?LEND ?AGENT1)
(patient ?LEND ?OBJECT))))
If get is an instance of unilateral getting, then there doesn't exist transaction trans so that get is a subprocess of trans.
(=>
(instance ?GET UnilateralGetting)
(not
(exists
(?TRANS)
(and
(instance ?TRANS Transaction)
(subProcess ?GET ?TRANS)))))
If trans is an instance of transaction, then there exist agent1,agent2,giving give1,giving give2,obj1,obj2 so that give1 is a subprocess of trans and give2 is a subprocess of trans and give1 is an agent of agent1 and give2 is an agent of agent2 and obj1 is a patient of give1 and obj2 is a patient of give2 and give1 ends at agent2 and give2 ends at agent1 and agent1 is not equal to agent2 and obj1 is not equal to obj2.
(=>
(instance ?TRANS Transaction)
(exists
(?AGENT1 ?AGENT2 ?GIVE1 ?GIVE2 ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
(and
(instance ?GIVE1 Giving)
(instance ?GIVE2 Giving)
(subProcess ?GIVE1 ?TRANS)
(subProcess ?GIVE2 ?TRANS)
(agent ?GIVE1 ?AGENT1)
(agent ?GIVE2 ?AGENT2)
(patient ?GIVE1 ?OBJ1)
(patient ?GIVE2 ?OBJ2)
(destination ?GIVE1 ?AGENT2)
(destination ?GIVE2 ?AGENT1)
(not
(equal ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2))
(not
(equal ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)))))
If trans is an instance of financial transaction, then there exists currency measure obj so that obj is a patient of trans.
(=>
(instance ?TRANS FinancialTransaction)
(exists
(?OBJ)
(and
(patient ?TRANS ?OBJ)
(instance ?OBJ CurrencyMeasure))))
There exists buying buy so that buy is an agent of agent1 and buy origins at agent2 and object is a patient of buy if and only if there exists selling sell so that sell is an agent of agent2 and sell ends at agent1 and object is a patient of sell.
(<=>
(exists
(?BUY)
(and
(instance ?BUY Buying)
(agent ?BUY ?AGENT1)
(origin ?BUY ?AGENT2)
(patient ?BUY ?OBJECT)))
(exists
(?SELL)
(and
(instance ?SELL Selling)
(agent ?SELL ?AGENT2)
(destination ?SELL ?AGENT1)
(patient ?SELL ?OBJECT))))
If there exists learning learn so that learn is an agent of agent and prop is a patient of learn during time, then agent believes prop immediately after time.
(=>
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(exists
(?LEARN)
(and
(instance ?LEARN Learning)
(agent ?LEARN ?AGENT)
(patient ?LEARN ?PROP))))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn ?TIME)
(believes ?AGENT ?PROP)))
If meas is an instance of measuring and meas is an agent of agent and obj is a patient of meas, then there exist quant,unit so that agent knows "the measure of obj is "quant unit(s)"" immediately after "the time of existence of meas".
(=>
(and
(instance ?MEAS Measuring)
(agent ?MEAS ?AGENT)
(patient ?MEAS ?OBJ))
(exists
(?QUANT ?UNIT)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?MEAS))
(knows
?AGENT
(measure
?OBJ
(MeasureFn ?QUANT ?UNIT))))))
If count is an instance of counting and count is an agent of agent and entity is a patient of count, then there exists number so that agent knows ""the number of instances in entity" is equal to number".
(=>
(and
(instance ?COUNT Counting)
(agent ?COUNT ?AGENT)
(patient ?COUNT ?ENTITY))
(exists
(?NUMBER)
(knows
?AGENT
(equal
(CardinalityFn ?ENTITY)
?NUMBER))))
If predict is an instance of predicting and formula is a patient of predict, then there exists time so that formula holds during time and time happen?{s} before "the time of existence of predict" or time happens earlier than "the time of existence of predict".
(=>
(and
(instance ?PREDICT Predicting)
(patient ?PREDICT ?FORMULA))
(exists
(?TIME)
(and
(holdsDuring ?TIME ?FORMULA)
(or
(before
?TIME
(WhenFn ?PREDICT))
(earlier
?TIME
(WhenFn ?PREDICT))))))
If remember is an instance of remembering and formula is a patient of remember, then there exists time so that formula holds during time and time happen?{s} before "the time of existence of remember" or time happens earlier than "the time of existence of remember".
(=>
(and
(instance ?REMEMBER Remembering)
(patient ?REMEMBER ?FORMULA))
(exists
(?TIME)
(and
(holdsDuring ?TIME ?FORMULA)
(or
(before
?TIME
(WhenFn ?REMEMBER))
(earlier
?TIME
(WhenFn ?REMEMBER))))))
If keep is an instance of keeping and keep is an agent of agent and obj is a patient of keep, then there exists putting put so that put is an agent of agent and obj is a patient of put and "the time of existence of put" happens earlier than "the time of existence of keep".
(=>
(and
(instance ?KEEP Keeping)
(agent ?KEEP ?AGENT)
(patient ?KEEP ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PUT)
(and
(instance ?PUT Putting)
(agent ?PUT ?AGENT)
(patient ?PUT ?OBJ)
(earlier
(WhenFn ?PUT)
(WhenFn ?KEEP)))))
(=>
(and
(instance ?KEEP Keeping)
(patient ?KEEP ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PLACE)
(forall
(?TIME)
(=>
(temporalPart
?TIME
(WhenFn ?KEEP))
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(located ?OBJ ?PLACE))))))
If confine is an instance of confining, then there exists human human so that human is a patient of confine.
(=>
(instance ?CONFINE Confining)
(exists
(?HUMAN)
(and
(instance ?HUMAN Human)
(patient ?CONFINE ?HUMAN))))
If repair is an instance of repairing and obj is a patient of repair, then there exists damaging damage so that obj is a patient of damage and "the time of existence of damage" happens earlier than "the time of existence of repair".
(=>
(and
(instance ?REPAIR Repairing)
(patient ?REPAIR ?OBJ))
(exists
(?DAMAGE)
(and
(instance ?DAMAGE Damaging)
(patient ?DAMAGE ?OBJ)
(earlier
(WhenFn ?DAMAGE)
(WhenFn ?REPAIR)))))
If proc is an instance of therapeutic process and bio is a patient of proc, then
(=>
(and
(instance ?PROC TherapeuticProcess)
(patient ?PROC ?BIO))
(or
(instance ?BIO Organism)
(exists
(?ORG)
(and
(instance ?ORG Organism)
(part ?BIO ?ORG)))))
If act is an instance of surgery and animal is a patient of act, then there exists cutting subact so that animal is an instance of animal and cutting is a patient of animal and subact is a subprocess of act.
(=>
(and
(instance ?ACT Surgery)
(patient ?ACT ?ANIMAL))
(exists
(?SUBACT)
(and
(instance ?SUBACT Cutting)
(instance ?ANIMAL Animal)
(patient ?ANIMAL ?CUTTING)
(subProcess ?SUBACT ?ACT))))
process is an instance of destruction if and only if there exists patient so that patient is a patient of process and patient exists during "immediately before "the time of existence of process"" and patient doesn't exist during "immediately after "the time of existence of process"".
(<=>
(instance ?PROCESS Destruction)
(exists
(?PATIENT)
(and
(patient ?PROCESS ?PATIENT)
(time
?PATIENT
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?PROCESS)))
(not
(time
?PATIENT
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?PROCESS)))))))
compound is an instance of compound substance if and only if there exist elemental substance element1,elemental substance element2,chemical synthesis process so that element1 is not equal to element2 and element1 is a resource for process and element2 is a resource for process and compound is a result of process.
(<=>
(instance ?COMPOUND CompoundSubstance)
(exists
(?ELEMENT1 ?ELEMENT2 ?PROCESS)
(and
(instance ?ELEMENT1 ElementalSubstance)
(instance ?ELEMENT2 ElementalSubstance)
(not
(equal ?ELEMENT1 ?ELEMENT2))
(instance ?PROCESS ChemicalSynthesis)
(resource ?PROCESS ?ELEMENT1)
(resource ?PROCESS ?ELEMENT2)
(result ?PROCESS ?COMPOUND))))
If combustion is an instance of combustion, then there exist heating heat,radiating light light so that heat is a subprocess of combustion and light is a subprocess of combustion.
(=>
(instance ?COMBUSTION Combustion)
(exists
(?HEAT ?LIGHT)
(and
(instance ?HEAT Heating)
(instance ?LIGHT RadiatingLight)
(subProcess ?HEAT ?COMBUSTION)
(subProcess ?LIGHT ?COMBUSTION))))
If change is an instance of internal change and obj is a patient of change, then there exists property so that
(=>
(and
(instance ?CHANGE InternalChange)
(patient ?CHANGE ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PROPERTY)
(or
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?CHANGE))
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?CHANGE))
(not
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))))
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?CHANGE))
(not
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY)))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?CHANGE))
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))))))
If alt is an instance of surface change and obj is a patient of alt, then there exist part,property so that part is a superficial part of obj and property is an attribute of part immediately before "the time of existence of alt" and property is not an attribute of part immediately after "the time of existence of alt".
(=>
(and
(instance ?ALT SurfaceChange)
(patient ?ALT ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PART ?PROPERTY)
(and
(superficialPart ?PART ?OBJ)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?ALT))
(attribute ?PART ?PROPERTY))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?ALT))
(not
(attribute ?PART ?PROPERTY))))))
If alt is an instance of shape change and obj is a patient of alt, then there exists shape attribute property so that
(=>
(and
(instance ?ALT ShapeChange)
(patient ?ALT ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PROPERTY)
(and
(instance ?PROPERTY ShapeAttribute)
(or
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?ALT))
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?ALT))
(not
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))))
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?ALT))
(not
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY)))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?ALT))
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY)))))))
If coloring is an instance of coloring and obj is a patient of coloring, then there exists color attribute property so that property is an attribute of obj immediately before "the time of existence of coloring" and property is not an attribute of obj immediately after "the time of existence of coloring".
(=>
(and
(instance ?COLORING Coloring)
(patient ?COLORING ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PROPERTY)
(and
(instance ?PROPERTY ColorAttribute)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?COLORING))
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?COLORING))
(not
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))))))
If develop is an instance of content development, then there exists content bearing object obj so that obj is a patient of develop.
(=>
(instance ?DEVELOP ContentDevelopment)
(exists
(?OBJ)
(and
(instance ?OBJ ContentBearingObject)
(patient ?DEVELOP ?OBJ))))
If read is an instance of reading, then there exist text text,prop so that text contains information prop and read expresses the content of prop.
(=>
(instance ?READ Reading)
(exists
(?TEXT ?PROP)
(and
(instance ?TEXT Text)
(containsInformation ?TEXT ?PROP)
(realization ?READ ?PROP))))
If decode is an instance of decoding and doc1 is a patient of decode, then there exist encode,doc2,time so that doc2 contains information prop and doc1 contains information prop and time is a part of "before "the time of existence of decode"" and encode is an instance of encoding and doc2 is a patient of encode during time.
(=>
(and
(instance ?DECODE Decoding)
(patient ?DECODE ?DOC1))
(exists
(?ENCODE ?DOC2 ?TIME)
(and
(containsInformation ?DOC2 ?PROP)
(containsInformation ?DOC1 ?PROP)
(temporalPart
?TIME
(PastFn
(WhenFn ?DECODE)))
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(and
(instance ?ENCODE Encoding)
(patient ?ENCODE ?DOC2))))))
If wet is an instance of wetting, then there exists obj so that liquid is an attribute of obj and obj is a patient of wet.
(=>
(instance ?WET Wetting)
(exists
(?OBJ)
(and
(attribute ?OBJ Liquid)
(patient ?WET ?OBJ))))
If action is an instance of creation, then there exists result so that result is a result of action.
(=>
(instance ?ACTION Creation)
(exists
(?RESULT)
(result ?ACTION ?RESULT)))
process is an instance of creation if and only if there exists patient so that patient is a patient of process and patient exists during "immediately after "the time of existence of process"" and patient doesn't exist during "immediately before "the time of existence of process"".
(<=>
(instance ?PROCESS Creation)
(exists
(?PATIENT)
(and
(patient ?PROCESS ?PATIENT)
(time
?PATIENT
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?PROCESS)))
(not
(time
?PATIENT
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?PROCESS)))))))
There exists constructing build so that artifact is a result of build if and only if artifact is an instance of stationary artifact.
(<=>
(exists
(?BUILD)
(and
(instance ?BUILD Constructing)
(result ?BUILD ?ARTIFACT)))
(instance ?ARTIFACT StationaryArtifact))
If cook is an instance of cooking, then there exists food food so that food is a result of cook.
(=>
(instance ?COOK Cooking)
(exists
(?FOOD)
(and
(instance ?FOOD Food)
(result ?COOK ?FOOD))))
If proc is an instance of diagnostic process and proc is an agent of agent, then there exists cause so that proc has &n purpose "agent knows "cause causes proc"" for agent.
(=>
(and
(instance ?PROC DiagnosticProcess)
(agent ?PROC ?AGENT))
(exists
(?CAUSE)
(hasPurposeForAgent
?PROC
(knows
?AGENT
(causes ?CAUSE ?PROC))
?AGENT)))
If interaction is an instance of social interaction, then there exist agent1,agent2 so that interaction is an agent of agent1 and interaction is an agent of agent2 and agent1 is not equal to agent2.
(=>
(instance ?INTERACTION SocialInteraction)
(exists
(?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)
(and
(agent ?INTERACTION ?AGENT1)
(agent ?INTERACTION ?AGENT2)
(not
(equal ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)))))
If pretend is an instance of pretending, then there exist person,prop so that pretend has purpose "person believes prop" and prop is true.
(=>
(instance ?PRETEND Pretending)
(exists
(?PERSON ?PROP)
(and
(hasPurpose
?PRETEND
(believes ?PERSON ?PROP))
(true ?PROP True))))
If communicate is an instance of communication, then there exist content bearing object obj,cognitive agent agent1,cognitive agent agent2 so that obj is a patient of communicate and communicate is an agent of agent1 and communicate ends at agent2.
(=>
(instance ?COMMUNICATE Communication)
(exists
(?OBJ ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)
(and
(instance ?OBJ ContentBearingObject)
(patient ?COMMUNICATE ?OBJ)
(instance ?AGENT1 CognitiveAgent)
(agent ?COMMUNICATE ?AGENT1)
(instance ?AGENT2 CognitiveAgent)
(destination ?COMMUNICATE ?AGENT2))))
If disseminate is an instance of disseminating, then there exist cognitive agent agent1,cognitive agent agent2 so that disseminate ends at agent1 and disseminate ends at agent2 and agent1 is not equal to agent2.
(=>
(instance ?DISSEMINATE Disseminating)
(exists
(?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)
(and
(destination ?DISSEMINATE ?AGENT1)
(instance ?AGENT1 CognitiveAgent)
(destination ?DISSEMINATE ?AGENT2)
(instance ?AGENT2 CognitiveAgent)
(not
(equal ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)))))
If advert is an instance of advertising, then there exists obj so that advert includes a reference to obj and advert has purpose "there exists selling sale so that obj is a patient of sale".
(=>
(instance ?ADVERT Advertising)
(exists
(?OBJ)
(and
(refers ?ADVERT ?OBJ)
(hasPurpose
?ADVERT
(exists
(?SALE)
(and
(instance ?SALE Selling)
(patient ?SALE ?OBJ)))))))
If communicate is an instance of linguistic communication, then there exists linguistic expression obj so that obj is a patient of communicate.
(=>
(instance ?COMMUNICATE LinguisticCommunication)
(exists
(?OBJ)
(and
(instance ?OBJ LinguisticExpression)
(patient ?COMMUNICATE ?OBJ))))
If express is an instance of expressing and express is an agent of agent, then there exists state of mind state so that state is an attribute of agent and express expresses state.
(=>
(and
(instance ?EXPRESS Expressing)
(agent ?EXPRESS ?AGENT))
(exists
(?STATE)
(and
(instance ?STATE StateOfMind)
(attribute ?AGENT ?STATE)
(represents ?EXPRESS ?STATE))))
If declare is an instance of declaring and declare is an agent of agent1, then there exist proc,agent2 so that declare allows agent2 to perform task of the type proc or declare obligates agent2 to perform task of the type proc.
(=>
(and
(instance ?DECLARE Declaring)
(agent ?DECLARE ?AGENT1))
(exists
(?PROC ?AGENT2)
(or
(confersRight ?PROC ?DECLARE ?AGENT2)
(confersObligation ?PROC ?DECLARE ?AGENT2))))
- if cooperate is an instance of cooperation,
- then there exists purp so that for all agent holds: if cooperate is an agent of agent, then cooperate has &n purpose purp for agent
.
(=>
(instance ?COOPERATE Cooperation)
(exists
(?PURP)
(forall
(?AGENT)
(=>
(agent ?COOPERATE ?AGENT)
(hasPurposeForAgent ?COOPERATE ?PURP ?AGENT)))))
If meet is an instance of meeting, then there exist agent1,agent2 so that meet is an agent of agent1 and meet is an agent of agent2 and meet has purpose "there exists communication comm so that comm is an agent of agent1 and comm is an agent of agent2".
(=>
(instance ?MEET Meeting)
(exists
(?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)
(and
(agent ?MEET ?AGENT1)
(agent ?MEET ?AGENT2)
(hasPurpose
?MEET
(exists
(?COMM)
(and
(instance ?COMM Communication)
(agent ?COMM ?AGENT1)
(agent ?COMM ?AGENT2)))))))
If contest is an instance of contest, then there exist agent1,agent2,purp1,purp2 so that contest is an agent of agent1 and contest is an agent of agent2 and contest has &n purpose purp1 for agent1 and contest has &n purpose purp2 for agent2 and agent1 is not equal to agent2 and purp1 is not equal to purp2.
(=>
(instance ?CONTEST Contest)
(exists
(?AGENT1 ?AGENT2 ?PURP1 ?PURP2)
(and
(agent ?CONTEST ?AGENT1)
(agent ?CONTEST ?AGENT2)
(hasPurposeForAgent ?CONTEST ?PURP1 ?AGENT1)
(hasPurposeForAgent ?CONTEST ?PURP2 ?AGENT2)
(not
(equal ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2))
(not
(equal ?PURP1 ?PURP2)))))
If war is an instance of war, then there exists battle battle so that battle is a subprocess of war.
(=>
(instance ?WAR War)
(exists
(?BATTLE)
(and
(instance ?BATTLE Battle)
(subProcess ?BATTLE ?WAR))))
If battle is an instance of battle, then there exists war war so that battle is a subprocess of war.
(=>
(instance ?BATTLE Battle)
(exists
(?WAR)
(and
(instance ?WAR War)
(subProcess ?BATTLE ?WAR))))
If battle is an instance of battle, then there exists violent contest attack so that attack is a subprocess of battle.
(=>
(instance ?BATTLE Battle)
(exists
(?ATTACK)
(and
(instance ?ATTACK ViolentContest)
(subProcess ?ATTACK ?BATTLE))))
If move is an instance of maneuver, then there exists contest contest so that move is a subprocess of contest.
(=>
(instance ?MOVE Maneuver)
(exists
(?CONTEST)
(and
(instance ?CONTEST Contest)
(subProcess ?MOVE ?CONTEST))))
If see is an instance of seeing and see is an agent of agent and obj is a patient of see, then
(=>
(and
(instance ?SEE Seeing)
(agent ?SEE ?AGENT)
(patient ?SEE ?OBJ))
(and
(attribute ?OBJ Illuminated)
(exists
(?PROP)
(and
(instance ?PROP ColorAttribute)
(knows
?AGENT
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROP))))))
If smell is an instance of smelling and obj is a patient of smell, then there exists olfactory attribute attr so that attr is an attribute of obj.
(=>
(and
(instance ?SMELL Smelling)
(patient ?SMELL ?OBJ))
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR OlfactoryAttribute)
(attribute ?OBJ ?ATTR))))
If taste is an instance of tasting and obj is a patient of taste, then there exists taste attribute attr so that attr is an attribute of obj.
(=>
(and
(instance ?TASTE Tasting)
(patient ?TASTE ?OBJ))
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR TasteAttribute)
(attribute ?OBJ ?ATTR))))
If hear is an instance of hearing and obj is a patient of hear, then there exists sound attribute attr so that attr is an attribute of obj.
(=>
(and
(instance ?HEAR Hearing)
(patient ?HEAR ?OBJ))
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR SoundAttribute)
(attribute ?OBJ ?ATTR))))
If tactile is an instance of tactile perception, then there exists touching touch so that touch is a subprocess of tactile.
(=>
(instance ?TACTILE TactilePerception)
(exists
(?TOUCH)
(and
(instance ?TOUCH Touching)
(subProcess ?TOUCH ?TACTILE))))
There exists radiating light emit so that region is a patient of emit and region is an instance of region if and only if illuminated is an attribute of region.
(<=>
(exists
(?EMIT)
(and
(instance ?EMIT RadiatingLight)
(patient ?EMIT ?REGION)
(instance ?REGION Region)))
(attribute ?REGION Illuminated))
If emit is an instance of radiating sound and emit is an agent of sound, then there exists sound attribute attr so that attr is an attribute of sound.
(=>
(and
(instance ?EMIT RadiatingSound)
(agent ?EMIT ?SOUND))
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR SoundAttribute)
(attribute ?SOUND ?ATTR))))
If process is an instance of state change and obj is a patient of process, then there exist part,physical state state1,physical state state2 so that part is a part of obj and state1 is not equal to state2 and state1 is an attribute of part immediately before "the time of existence of process" and state2 is an attribute of part immediately after "the time of existence of freeze".
(=>
(and
(instance ?PROCESS StateChange)
(patient ?PROCESS ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PART ?STATE1 ?STATE2)
(and
(part ?PART ?OBJ)
(instance ?STATE1 PhysicalState)
(instance ?STATE2 PhysicalState)
(not
(equal ?STATE1 ?STATE2))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?PROCESS))
(attribute ?PART ?STATE1))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?FREEZE))
(attribute ?PART ?STATE2)))))
If melt is an instance of melting, then there exists heating heat so that heat is a subprocess of melt.
(=>
(instance ?MELT Melting)
(exists
(?HEAT)
(and
(instance ?HEAT Heating)
(subProcess ?HEAT ?MELT))))
If melt is an instance of melting and obj is a patient of melt, then there exists part so that part is a part of obj and solid is an attribute of part immediately before "the time of existence of melt" and liquid is an attribute of part immediately after "the time of existence of melt".
(=>
(and
(instance ?MELT Melting)
(patient ?MELT ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PART)
(and
(part ?PART ?OBJ)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?MELT))
(attribute ?PART Solid))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?MELT))
(attribute ?PART Liquid)))))
If boil is an instance of boiling, then there exists heating heat so that heat is a subprocess of boil.
(=>
(instance ?BOIL Boiling)
(exists
(?HEAT)
(and
(instance ?HEAT Heating)
(subProcess ?HEAT ?BOIL))))
If boil is an instance of boiling and obj is a patient of boil, then there exists part so that part is a part of obj and liquid is an attribute of part immediately before "the time of existence of boil" and gas is an attribute of part immediately after "the time of existence of boil".
(=>
(and
(instance ?BOIL Boiling)
(patient ?BOIL ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PART)
(and
(part ?PART ?OBJ)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?BOIL))
(attribute ?PART Liquid))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?BOIL))
(attribute ?PART Gas)))))
If cond is an instance of condensing, then there exists cooling cool so that cool is a subprocess of cond.
(=>
(instance ?COND Condensing)
(exists
(?COOL)
(and
(instance ?COOL Cooling)
(subProcess ?COOL ?COND))))
If cond is an instance of condensing and obj is a patient of cond, then there exists part so that part is a part of obj and gas is an attribute of part immediately before "the time of existence of cond" and liquid is an attribute of part immediately after "the time of existence of cond".
(=>
(and
(instance ?COND Condensing)
(patient ?COND ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PART)
(and
(part ?PART ?OBJ)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?COND))
(attribute ?PART Gas))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?COND))
(attribute ?PART Liquid)))))
If freeze is an instance of freezing, then there exists cooling cool so that cool is a subprocess of freeze.
(=>
(instance ?FREEZE Freezing)
(exists
(?COOL)
(and
(instance ?COOL Cooling)
(subProcess ?COOL ?FREEZE))))
If freeze is an instance of freezing and obj is a patient of freeze, then there exists part so that part is a part of obj and liquid is an attribute of part immediately before "the time of existence of freeze" and solid is an attribute of part immediately after "the time of existence of freeze".
(=>
(and
(instance ?FREEZE Freezing)
(patient ?FREEZE ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PART)
(and
(part ?PART ?OBJ)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?FREEZE))
(attribute ?PART Liquid))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?FREEZE))
(attribute ?PART Solid)))))
If area is an instance of water area, then there exist bed,hole,water water so that "the host of the hole hole" is equal to bed and water properly fills hole and "the union of the parts of bed and water" is equal to area.
(=>
(instance ?AREA WaterArea)
(exists
(?BED ?HOLE ?WATER)
(and
(equal
(PrincipalHostFn ?HOLE)
?BED)
(instance ?WATER Water)
(properlyFills ?WATER ?HOLE)
(equal
(MereologicalSumFn ?BED ?WATER)
?AREA))))
If land1 is an instance of land area, then there exists land2 so that land1 is a part of land2 and land2 is an instance of continent or land2 is an instance of island.
(=>
(instance ?LAND1 LandArea)
(exists
(?LAND2)
(and
(part ?LAND1 ?LAND2)
(or
(instance ?LAND2 Continent)
(instance ?LAND2 Island)))))
If island is an instance of island, then there don't exist land area area,part1,part2 so that part1 is a part of island and part2 is a part of area and island is not a part of area and area is not a part of island and part1 is connected to part2.
(=>
(instance ?ISLAND Island)
(not
(exists
(?AREA ?PART1 ?PART2)
(and
(instance ?AREA LandArea)
(part ?PART1 ?ISLAND)
(part ?PART2 ?AREA)
(not
(part ?ISLAND ?AREA))
(not
(part ?AREA ?ISLAND))
(connected ?PART1 ?PART2)))))
If state is an instance of state or province, then there exists nation land so that state is a properPart of land.
(=>
(instance ?STATE StateOrProvince)
(exists
(?LAND)
(and
(instance ?LAND Nation)
(properPart ?STATE ?LAND))))
If the developmental form of obj is attr1 during time1 and attr2 is a successor attribute of attr1, then there exists time2 so that time2 happens earlier than time1 and the developmental form of obj is attr2 during time2.
(=>
(and
(holdsDuring
?TIME1
(developmentalForm ?OBJ ?ATTR1))
(successorAttributeClosure ?ATTR2 ?ATTR1))
(exists
(?TIME2)
(and
(earlier ?TIME2 ?TIME1)
(holdsDuring
?TIME2
(developmentalForm ?OBJ ?ATTR2)))))
If organism is an instance of organism, then there exists birth birth so that organism experiences birth.
(=>
(instance ?ORGANISM Organism)
(exists
(?BIRTH)
(and
(instance ?BIRTH Birth)
(experiencer ?BIRTH ?ORGANISM))))
If organism lives in obj, then there exists time so that organism is located at obj during time.
(=>
(inhabits ?ORGANISM ?OBJ)
(exists
(?TIME)
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(located ?ORGANISM ?OBJ))))
If organism is an instance of organism, then there exists parent so that parent is a parent of organism.
(=>
(instance ?ORGANISM Organism)
(exists
(?PARENT)
(parent ?ORGANISM ?PARENT)))
animal1 is a sibling of animal2 if and only if there exist father,mother so that father is a father of animal1 and father is a father of animal2 and mother is a mother of animal1 and mother is a mother of animal2.
(<=>
(sibling ?ANIMAL1 ?ANIMAL2)
(exists
(?FATHER ?MOTHER)
(and
(father ?ANIMAL1 ?FATHER)
(father ?ANIMAL2 ?FATHER)
(mother ?ANIMAL1 ?MOTHER)
(mother ?ANIMAL2 ?MOTHER))))
If alga is an instance of alga, then there exists water water so that alga lives in water.
(=>
(instance ?ALGA Alga)
(exists
(?WATER)
(and
(inhabits ?ALGA ?WATER)
(instance ?WATER Water))))
(=>
(instance ?BACTERIUM Bacterium)
(exists
(?CELL1)
(and
(component ?CELL1 ?BACTERIUM)
(instance ?CELL1 Cell)
(forall
(?CELL2)
(=>
(and
(component ?CELL2 ?BACTERIUM)
(instance ?CELL2 Cell))
(equal ?CELL1 ?CELL2))))))
(=>
(instance ?VIRUS Virus)
(exists
(?MOL1)
(and
(component ?MOL1 ?VIRUS)
(instance ?MOL1 Molecule)
(forall
(?MOL2)
(=>
(and
(component ?MOL2 ?VIRUS)
(instance ?MOL2 Molecule))
(equal ?MOL1 ?MOL2))))))
If virus is an instance of virus and proc is an instance of replication and proc is an agent of virus, then there exists cell cell so that proc is located at cell.
(=>
(and
(instance ?VIRUS Virus)
(instance ?PROC Replication)
(agent ?PROC ?VIRUS))
(exists
(?CELL)
(and
(located ?PROC ?CELL)
(instance ?CELL Cell))))
If fish is an instance of fish, then there exists water water so that fish lives in water.
(=>
(instance ?FISH Fish)
(exists
(?WATER)
(and
(inhabits ?FISH ?WATER)
(instance ?WATER Water))))
If organism is an instance of toxic organism, then there exists biologically active substance substance so that substance is a part of organism.
(=>
(instance ?ORGANISM ToxicOrganism)
(exists
(?SUBSTANCE)
(and
(instance ?SUBSTANCE BiologicallyActiveSubstance)
(part ?SUBSTANCE ?ORGANISM))))
If food is an instance of food, then there exists nutrient nutrient so that nutrient is a part of food.
(=>
(instance ?FOOD Food)
(exists
(?NUTRIENT)
(and
(instance ?NUTRIENT Nutrient)
(part ?NUTRIENT ?FOOD))))
- if food is an instance of food,
- then for all part1 holds: if part1 is a part of food, then there exist part2,animal animal so that part1 is a part of part2 and part2 is a part of animal
.
(=>
(instance ?FOOD Food)
(forall
(?PART1)
(=>
(part ?PART1 ?FOOD)
(exists
(?PART2 ?ANIMAL)
(and
(part ?PART1 ?PART2)
(part ?PART2 ?ANIMAL)
(instance ?ANIMAL Animal))))))
- if meat is an instance of meat,
- then for all part holds: if part is a part of meat, then there exist subpart,time,animal so that subpart is a part of part and animal is an instance of animal and subpart is a part of animal during time
.
(=>
(instance ?MEAT Meat)
(forall
(?PART)
(=>
(part ?PART ?MEAT)
(exists
(?SUBPART ?TIME ?ANIMAL)
(and
(part ?SUBPART ?PART)
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(and
(instance ?ANIMAL Animal)
(part ?SUBPART ?ANIMAL))))))))
(=>
(instance ?VEG FruitOrVegetable)
(forall
(?PART)
(=>
(part ?PART ?VEG)
(exists
(?SUBPART ?TIME ?PLANT)
(and
(part ?SUBPART ?PART)
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(and
(instance ?PLANT Plant)
(part ?SUBPART ?PLANT))))))))
If anat is an instance of anatomical structure, then there exists organism organism so that anat is a part of organism.
(=>
(instance ?ANAT AnatomicalStructure)
(exists
(?ORGANISM)
(and
(instance ?ORGANISM Organism)
(part ?ANAT ?ORGANISM))))
If part is an instance of anatomical structure, then there exists cell cell so that cell is a part of part.
(=>
(instance ?PART AnatomicalStructure)
(exists
(?CELL)
(and
(instance ?CELL Cell)
(part ?CELL ?PART))))
If part is an instance of body part, then there doesn't exist pathologic process proc so that part is a result of proc.
(=>
(instance ?PART BodyPart)
(not
(exists
(?PROC)
(and
(instance ?PROC PathologicProcess)
(result ?PROC ?PART)))))
If cover is an instance of body covering, then there exists body so that cover is a superficial part of body and body is an instance of organism or body is an instance of body part.
(=>
(instance ?COVER BodyCovering)
(exists
(?BODY)
(and
(superficialPart ?COVER ?BODY)
(or
(instance ?BODY Organism)
(instance ?BODY BodyPart)))))
If junct is an instance of body junction, then there exists body part struct so that junct is a component of struct.
(=>
(instance ?JUNCT BodyJunction)
(exists
(?STRUCT)
(and
(instance ?STRUCT BodyPart)
(component ?JUNCT ?STRUCT))))
If junct is an instance of body junction, then there exist body part struct1,body part struct2 so that junct is connected to struct1 and junct is connected to struct2 and struct1 is not equal to struct2.
(=>
(instance ?JUNCT BodyJunction)
(exists
(?STRUCT1 ?STRUCT2)
(and
(connected ?JUNCT ?STRUCT1)
(connected ?JUNCT ?STRUCT2)
(instance ?STRUCT1 BodyPart)
(instance ?STRUCT2 BodyPart)
(not
(equal ?STRUCT1 ?STRUCT2)))))
If organ is an instance of organ, then there exists purp so that organ has purpose purp.
(=>
(instance ?ORGAN Organ)
(exists
(?PURP)
(hasPurpose ?ORGAN ?PURP)))
If stuff is an instance of tissue, then there exists cell part so that part is a part of stuff.
(=>
(instance ?STUFF Tissue)
(exists
(?PART)
(and
(instance ?PART Cell)
(part ?PART ?STUFF))))
If stuff is an instance of tissue, then there exists organism organism so that stuff is a part of organism.
(=>
(instance ?STUFF Tissue)
(exists
(?ORGANISM)
(and
(instance ?ORGANISM Organism)
(part ?STUFF ?ORGANISM))))
If bone is an instance of bone, then there exists vertebrate vert so that bone is a part of vert.
(=>
(instance ?BONE Bone)
(exists
(?VERT)
(and
(instance ?VERT Vertebrate)
(part ?BONE ?VERT))))
If morph is an instance of morpheme, then there doesn't exist morpheme othermorph so that othermorph is a part of morph and othermorph is not equal to morph.
(=>
(instance ?MORPH Morpheme)
(not
(exists
(?OTHERMORPH)
(and
(instance ?OTHERMORPH Morpheme)
(part ?OTHERMORPH ?MORPH)
(not
(equal ?OTHERMORPH ?MORPH))))))
If morph is an instance of morpheme, then there exists word word so that morph is a part of word.
(=>
(instance ?MORPH Morpheme)
(exists
(?WORD)
(and
(instance ?WORD Word)
(part ?MORPH ?WORD))))
If word is an instance of word, then there exists morpheme part so that part is a part of word.
(=>
(instance ?WORD Word)
(exists
(?PART)
(and
(part ?PART ?WORD)
(instance ?PART Morpheme))))
If phrase is an instance of phrase, then there exist word part1,word part2 so that part1 is a part of phrase and part2 is a part of phrase and part1 is not equal to part2.
(=>
(instance ?PHRASE Phrase)
(exists
(?PART1 ?PART2)
(and
(part ?PART1 ?PHRASE)
(part ?PART2 ?PHRASE)
(instance ?PART1 Word)
(instance ?PART2 Word)
(not
(equal ?PART1 ?PART2)))))
If sentence is an instance of sentence, then there exist noun phrase phrase1,verb phrase phrase2 so that phrase1 is a part of sentence and phrase2 is a part of sentence.
(=>
(instance ?SENTENCE Sentence)
(exists
(?PHRASE1 ?PHRASE2)
(and
(instance ?PHRASE1 NounPhrase)
(instance ?PHRASE2 VerbPhrase)
(part ?PHRASE1 ?SENTENCE)
(part ?PHRASE2 ?SENTENCE))))
If text is an instance of text, then there exists proposition prop so that text contains information prop.
(=>
(instance ?TEXT Text)
(exists
(?PROP)
(and
(instance ?PROP Proposition)
(containsInformation ?TEXT ?PROP))))
If text is an instance of text, then there exists sentence part so that part is a part of text.
(=>
(instance ?TEXT Text)
(exists
(?PART)
(and
(part ?PART ?TEXT)
(instance ?PART Sentence))))
If text is an instance of text, then there exists writing write so that text is a result of write.
(=>
(instance ?TEXT Text)
(exists
(?WRITE)
(and
(instance ?WRITE Writing)
(result ?WRITE ?TEXT))))
If sent is an instance of sentence, then there exist noun phrase noun,verb phrase verb so that noun is a part of sent and verb is a part of sent.
(=>
(instance ?SENT Sentence)
(exists
(?NOUN ?VERB)
(and
(instance ?NOUN NounPhrase)
(instance ?VERB VerbPhrase)
(part ?NOUN ?SENT)
(part ?VERB ?SENT))))
If agent is the author of text, then there exist process,text instance so that process is an agent of agent and text is a result of process.
(=>
(authors ?AGENT ?TEXT)
(exists
(?PROCESS ?INSTANCE)
(and
(agent ?PROCESS ?AGENT)
(instance ?INSTANCE ?TEXT)
(result ?PROCESS ?TEXT))))
org publishes text if and only if there exists publication pub so that pub is an agent of org and text is a patient of pub.
(<=>
(publishes ?ORG ?TEXT)
(exists
(?PUB)
(and
(instance ?PUB Publication)
(agent ?PUB ?ORG)
(patient ?PUB ?TEXT))))
If text is an instance of summary, then there exists text text2 so that text2 subsumes the content of text.
(=>
(instance ?TEXT Summary)
(exists
(?TEXT2)
(and
(instance ?TEXT2 Text)
(subsumesContentInstance ?TEXT2 ?TEXT))))
If series is an instance of series, then there exist book book1,book book2 so that series subsumes the content of book1 and series subsumes the content of book2 and book1 is not equal to book2.
(=>
(instance ?SERIES Series)
(exists
(?BOOK1 ?BOOK2)
(and
(instance ?BOOK1 Book)
(instance ?BOOK2 Book)
(subsumesContentInstance ?SERIES ?BOOK1)
(subsumesContentInstance ?SERIES ?BOOK2)
(not
(equal ?BOOK1 ?BOOK2)))))
If article is an instance of article, then there exists book book so that book subsumes the content of article.
(=>
(instance ?ARTICLE Article)
(exists
(?BOOK)
(and
(instance ?BOOK Book)
(subsumesContentInstance ?BOOK ?ARTICLE))))
If doc is an instance of certificate and agent posesses doc, then there exists proc so that doc allows agent to perform task of the type proc or doc obligates agent to perform task of the type proc.
(=>
(and
(instance ?DOC Certificate)
(possesses ?AGENT ?DOC))
(exists
(?PROC)
(or
(confersRight ?PROC ?DOC ?AGENT)
(confersObligation ?PROC ?DOC ?AGENT))))
If mole is an instance of molecule, then there exist atom atom1,atom atom2 so that atom1 is a part of mole and atom2 is a part of mole and atom1 is not equal to atom2.
(=>
(instance ?MOLE Molecule)
(exists
(?ATOM1 ?ATOM2)
(and
(instance ?ATOM1 Atom)
(instance ?ATOM2 Atom)
(part ?ATOM1 ?MOLE)
(part ?ATOM2 ?MOLE)
(not
(equal ?ATOM1 ?ATOM2)))))
artifact is an instance of artifact if and only if there exists making making so that artifact is a result of making.
(<=>
(instance ?ARTIFACT Artifact)
(exists
(?MAKING)
(and
(instance ?MAKING Making)
(result ?MAKING ?ARTIFACT))))
If product is an instance of product, then there exists manufacture manufacture so that product is a result of manufacture.
(=>
(instance ?PRODUCT Product)
(exists
(?MANUFACTURE)
(and
(instance ?MANUFACTURE Manufacture)
(result ?MANUFACTURE ?PRODUCT))))
(=>
(instance ?ARTIFACT StationaryArtifact)
(exists
(?PLACE)
(forall
(?TIME)
(=>
(and
(beforeOrEqual
?TIME
(EndFn
(WhenFn ?ARTIFACT)))
(beforeOrEqual
(BeginFn
(WhenFn ?ARTIFACT))
?TIME))
(equal
(WhereFn ?ARTIFACT ?TIME)
?PLACE)))))
If building is an instance of building, then there exists human human so that - human lives in building
or - there exists act so that act is an agent of human and act is located at building
.
(=>
(instance ?BUILDING Building)
(exists
(?HUMAN)
(and
(instance ?HUMAN Human)
(or
(inhabits ?HUMAN ?BUILDING)
(exists
(?ACT)
(and
(agent ?ACT ?HUMAN)
(located ?ACT ?BUILDING)))))))
If room is an instance of room, then there exists building build so that room is a properPart of build.
(=>
(instance ?ROOM Room)
(exists
(?BUILD)
(and
(instance ?BUILD Building)
(properPart ?ROOM ?BUILD))))
If clothing is an instance of clothing, then there exists fabric fabric so that fabric is a part of clothing.
(=>
(instance ?CLOTHING Clothing)
(exists
(?FABRIC)
(and
(instance ?FABRIC Fabric)
(part ?FABRIC ?CLOTHING))))
If device is an instance of device, then there exists process proc so that device is capable to do proc in role instrument.
(=>
(instance ?DEVICE Device)
(exists
(?PROC)
(and
(subclass ?PROC Process)
(capability ?PROC instrument ?DEVICE))))
If device is an instance of device, then there exists process proc so that device has purpose "device is capable to do proc in role instrument".
(=>
(instance ?DEVICE Device)
(exists
(?PROC)
(and
(subclass ?PROC Process)
(hasPurpose
?DEVICE
(capability ?PROC instrument ?DEVICE)))))
If weapon is an instance of weapon, then weapon has purpose "there exist damaging dest,patient so that patient is a patient of dest and ".
(=>
(instance ?WEAPON Weapon)
(hasPurpose
?WEAPON
(exists
(?DEST ?PATIENT)
(and
(instance ?DEST Damaging)
(patient ?DEST ?PATIENT)
(or
(instance ?PATIENT StationaryArtifact)
(instance ?PATIENT Animal)
(exists
(?ANIMAL)
(and
(instance ?ANIMAL Animal)
(inhabits ?ANIMAL ?PATIENT))))))))
- if machine is an instance of machine,
- then for all proc holds: if machine is an instrument for proc, then there exist resource,result so that resource is a resource for proc and result is a result of proc
.
(=>
(instance ?MACHINE Machine)
(forall
(?PROC)
(=>
(instrument ?PROC ?MACHINE)
(exists
(?RESOURCE ?RESULT)
(and
(resource ?PROC ?RESOURCE)
(result ?PROC ?RESULT))))))
If comp is an instance of engineering component, then there exists device device so that comp is a component of device.
(=>
(instance ?COMP EngineeringComponent)
(exists
(?DEVICE)
(and
(instance ?DEVICE Device)
(component ?COMP ?DEVICE))))
comp1 is connected to comp2 if and only if there exists connection so that connection connects comp1 and comp2.
(<=>
(connectedEngineeringComponents ?COMP1 ?COMP2)
(exists
(?CONNECTION)
(connectsEngineeringComponents ?CONNECTION ?COMP1 ?COMP2)))
If connection is an instance of engineering connection, then there exist comp1,comp2 so that connection connects comp1 and comp2.
(=>
(instance ?CONNECTION EngineeringConnection)
(exists
(?COMP1 ?COMP2)
(connectsEngineeringComponents ?CONNECTION ?COMP1 ?COMP2)))
If organism1 and organism2 are related, then there exists organism3 so that organism3 and organism1 are related and organism3 and organism2 are related.
(=>
(familyRelation ?ORGANISM1 ?ORGANISM2)
(exists
(?ORGANISM3)
(and
(familyRelation ?ORGANISM3 ?ORGANISM1)
(familyRelation ?ORGANISM3 ?ORGANISM2))))
If pol is an instance of political organization, then there exists political process proc so that proc is an agent of pol.
(=>
(instance ?POL PoliticalOrganization)
(exists
(?PROC)
(and
(instance ?PROC PoliticalProcess)
(agent ?PROC ?POL))))
If plan is an instance of plan and obj is an instance of content bearing object and obj contains information plan, then there exists planning planning so that obj is a result of planning.
(=>
(and
(instance ?PLAN Plan)
(instance ?OBJ ContentBearingObject)
(containsInformation ?OBJ ?PLAN))
(exists
(?PLANNING)
(and
(instance ?PLANNING Planning)
(result ?PLANNING ?OBJ))))
If plan is an instance of plan, then there exists purp so that plan has purpose purp.
(=>
(instance ?PLAN Plan)
(exists
(?PURP)
(hasPurpose ?PLAN ?PURP)))
If org employs person, then there exists position so that person holds the position of position in org.
(=>
(employs ?ORG ?PERSON)
(exists
(?POSITION)
(occupiesPosition ?PERSON ?POSITION ?ORG)))
If agent is obliged to perform tasks of type process, then the statement "there exists process instance so that instance is an agent of agent" has the model force of obligation.
(=>
(holdsObligation ?PROCESS ?AGENT)
(modalAttribute
(exists
(?INSTANCE)
(and
(instance ?INSTANCE ?PROCESS)
(agent ?INSTANCE ?AGENT)))
Obligation))
If agent has the right to perform process, then the statement "there exists process instance so that instance is an agent of agent" has the model force of permission.
(=>
(holdsRight ?PROCESS ?AGENT)
(modalAttribute
(exists
(?INSTANCE)
(and
(instance ?INSTANCE ?PROCESS)
(agent ?INSTANCE ?AGENT)))
Permission))
If attr is an attribute of obj and attr is an instance of contest attribute, then there exists contest contest so that contest is an agent of obj or obj is a patient of contest.
(=>
(and
(attribute ?OBJ ?ATTR)
(instance ?ATTR ContestAttribute))
(exists
(?CONTEST)
(and
(instance ?CONTEST Contest)
(or
(agent ?CONTEST ?OBJ)
(patient ?CONTEST ?OBJ)))))
obj is an instance of substance if and only if there exists physical state attr so that attr is an attribute of obj.
(<=>
(instance ?OBJ Substance)
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR PhysicalState)
(attribute ?OBJ ?ATTR))))
If perception is an instance of perception and obj is a patient of perception, then there exists perceptual attribute prop so that prop is an attribute of obj.
(=>
(and
(instance ?PERCEPTION Perception)
(patient ?PERCEPTION ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PROP)
(and
(instance ?PROP PerceptualAttribute)
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROP))))
If obj is an instance of food, then there exists taste attribute attr so that attr is an attribute of obj.
(=>
(instance ?OBJ Food)
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR TasteAttribute)
(attribute ?OBJ ?ATTR))))
If polychromatic is an attribute of obj, then there exist part1,part2,color attribute color1,color attribute color2 so that part1 is a superficial part of obj and part2 is a superficial part of obj and color1 is an attribute of part1 and color2 is an attribute of part2 and color1 is not equal to color2.
(=>
(attribute ?OBJ Polychromatic)
(exists
(?PART1 ?PART2 ?COLOR1 ?COLOR2)
(and
(superficialPart ?PART1 ?OBJ)
(superficialPart ?PART2 ?OBJ)
(attribute ?PART1 ?COLOR1)
(attribute ?PART2 ?COLOR2)
(instance ?COLOR1 ColorAttribute)
(instance ?COLOR2 ColorAttribute)
(not
(equal ?COLOR1 ?COLOR2)))))
If there exists shape change change so that obj is a patient of change, then pliable is an attribute of obj.
(=>
(exists
(?CHANGE)
(and
(instance ?CHANGE ShapeChange)
(patient ?CHANGE ?OBJ)))
(attribute ?OBJ Pliable))
If dry is an attribute of obj, then there doesn't exist subobj so that subobj is a part of obj and liquid is an attribute of subobj.
(=>
(attribute ?OBJ Dry)
(not
(exists
(?SUBOBJ)
(and
(part ?SUBOBJ ?OBJ)
(attribute ?SUBOBJ Liquid)))))
- if wet is an attribute of obj,
- then for all part holds: if part is a part of obj, then there exists subpart so that subpart is a part of part and liquid is an attribute of subpart
.
(=>
(attribute ?OBJ Wet)
(forall
(?PART)
(=>
(part ?PART ?OBJ)
(exists
(?SUBPART)
(and
(part ?SUBPART ?PART)
(attribute ?SUBPART Liquid))))))
If unbreakable is an attribute of obj, then there doesn't exist damaging damage so that obj is a patient of damage.
(=>
(attribute ?OBJ Unbreakable)
(not
(exists
(?DAMAGE)
(and
(instance ?DAMAGE Damaging)
(patient ?DAMAGE ?OBJ)))))
If org is an instance of organism, then there exists animacy attribute attr so that attr is an attribute of org.
(=>
(instance ?ORG Organism)
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR AnimacyAttribute)
(attribute ?ORG ?ATTR))))
If animal is an instance of animal, then there exists sex attribute attr so that attr is an attribute of animal.
(=>
(instance ?ANIMAL Animal)
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR SexAttribute)
(attribute ?ANIMAL ?ATTR))))
If fully formed is an attribute of obj, then there exists growth growth so that obj experiences growth and non fully formed is an attribute of obj the beginning of "the time of existence of obj".
(=>
(attribute ?OBJ FullyFormed)
(exists
(?GROWTH)
(and
(instance ?GROWTH Growth)
(experiencer ?GROWTH ?OBJ)
(holdsDuring
(BeginFn
(WhenFn ?OBJ))
(attribute ?OBJ NonFullyFormed)))))
If org is an instance of organism, then there exists developmental attribute attr so that attr is an attribute of org.
(=>
(instance ?ORG Organism)
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR DevelopmentalAttribute)
(attribute ?ORG ?ATTR))))
If larval is an attribute of org during time, then there exists birth birth so that org experiences birth before time.
(=>
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(attribute ?ORG Larval))
(holdsDuring
(PastFn ?TIME)
(exists
(?BIRTH)
(and
(instance ?BIRTH Birth)
(experiencer ?BIRTH ?ORG)))))
If embryonic is an attribute of org, then there exists reproductive body body so that org is located at body.
(=>
(attribute ?ORG Embryonic)
(exists
(?BODY)
(and
(instance ?BODY ReproductiveBody)
(located ?ORG ?BODY))))
If embryonic is an attribute of org during time, then there doesn't exist birth birth so that org experiences birth during time.
(=>
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(attribute ?ORG Embryonic))
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(not
(exists
(?BIRTH)
(and
(instance ?BIRTH Birth)
(experiencer ?BIRTH ?ORG))))))
agent is an instance of sentient agent and living is an attribute of agent if and only if there exists consciousness attribute attr so that attr is an attribute of agent.
(<=>
(and
(instance ?AGENT SentientAgent)
(attribute ?AGENT Living))
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR ConsciousnessAttribute)
(attribute ?AGENT ?ATTR))))
entity is an instance of "the union of all the elements of superclass" if and only if there exists superclass class so that entity is an instance of class.
(<=>
(instance
?ENTITY
(GeneralizedUnionFn ?SUPERCLASS))
(exists
(?CLASS)
(and
(instance ?CLASS ?SUPERCLASS)
(instance ?ENTITY ?CLASS))))
