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forall (forall)

The universal quantifier of predicate logic.

Ontologie

SUMO / STRUCTURAL-ONTOLOGY

Class(es)

logický operátor
is instance of
  forall  

Související termín(y)

<=>  =>  and  entails  exists  not  or 

Typy argumentů

forall(seznam, formule)

Related WordNet synsets

See more related synsets on a separate page.

Axiomy (114)

Jestliže rel1 je inverzní k rel2, potom pro všechny inst1,inst2 platí: rel1(inst1,inst2) holds tehdy a jen tehdy pokud rel2(inst2,inst1) holds.
(=>
      (inverse ?REL1 ?REL2)
      (forall
            (?INST1 ?INST2)
            (<=>
                  (holds ?REL1 ?INST1 ?INST2)
                  (holds ?REL2 ?INST2 ?INST1))))

subclass je podtřídou class tehdy a jen tehdy pokud
(<=>
      (subclass ?SUBCLASS ?CLASS)
      (and
            (instance ?SUBCLASS SetOrClass)
            (instance ?CLASS SetOrClass)
            (forall
                  (?INST)
                  (=>
                        (instance ?INST ?SUBCLASS)
                        (instance ?INST ?CLASS)))))

Jestliže thing1 se rovná thing2, potom pro všechny attr platí: thing1atribut attr tehdy a jen tehdy pokud thing2atribut attr.
(=>
      (equal ?THING1 ?THING2)
      (forall
            (?ATTR)
            (<=>
                  (property ?THING1 ?ATTR)
                  (property ?THING2 ?ATTR))))

Jestliže attr1 se rovná attr2, potom pro všechny thing platí: thingatribut attr1 tehdy a jen tehdy pokud thingatribut attr2.
(=>
      (equal ?ATTR1 ?ATTR2)
      (forall
            (?THING)
            (<=>
                  (property ?THING ?ATTR1)
                  (property ?THING ?ATTR2))))

Jestliže thing1 se rovná thing2, potom pro všechny class platí: thing1 je instancí třídy class tehdy a jen tehdy pokud thing2 je instancí třídy class.
(=>
      (equal ?THING1 ?THING2)
      (forall
            (?CLASS)
            (<=>
                  (instance ?THING1 ?CLASS)
                  (instance ?THING2 ?CLASS))))

Jestliže class1 se rovná class2, potom pro všechny thing platí: thing je instancí třídy class1 tehdy a jen tehdy pokud thing je instancí třídy class2.
(=>
      (equal ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2)
      (forall
            (?THING)
            (<=>
                  (instance ?THING ?CLASS1)
                  (instance ?THING ?CLASS2))))

Jestliže rel1 se rovná rel2, potom pro všechny platí: rel1() holds tehdy a jen tehdy pokud rel2() holds.
(=>
      (equal ?REL1 ?REL2)
      (forall
            (@ROW)
            (<=>
                  (holds ?REL1 @ROW)
                  (holds ?REL2 @ROW))))

(=>
      (equal ?LIST1 ?LIST2)
      (=>
            (and
                  (equal
                        ?LIST1
                        (ListFn @ROW1))
                  (equal
                        ?LIST2
                        (ListFn @ROW2)))
            (forall
                  (?NUMBER)
                  (equal
                        (ListOrderFn
                              (ListFn @ROW1)
                              ?NUMBER)
                        (ListOrderFn
                              (ListFn @ROW2)
                              ?NUMBER)))))

class1 je disjoint from class2 tehdy a jen tehdy pokud
(<=>
      (disjoint ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2)
      (and
            (instance ?CLASS1 SetOrClass)
            (instance ?CLASS2 SetOrClass)
            (forall
                  (?INST)
                  (not
                        (and
                              (instance ?INST ?CLASS1)
                              (instance ?INST ?CLASS2))))))

(=>
      (contraryAttribute @ROW)
      (forall
            (?ATTR1 ?ATTR2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (equal
                              ?ATTR1
                              (ListOrderFn
                                    (ListFn @ROW)
                                    ?NUMBER1))
                        (equal
                              ?ATTR2
                              (ListOrderFn
                                    (ListFn @ROW)
                                    ?NUMBER2))
                        (not
                              (equal ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2)))
                  (=>
                        (property ?OBJ ?ATTR1)
                        (not
                              (property ?OBJ ?ATTR2))))))

(=>
      (exhaustiveAttribute ?CLASS @ROW)
      (forall
            (?OBJ)
            (=>
                  (instance ?ATTR1 ?CLASS)
                  (exists
                        (?ATTR2)
                        (and
                              (inList
                                    ?ATTR2
                                    (ListFn @ROW))
                              (equal ?ATTR1 ?ATTR2))))))

(=>
      (subAttribute ?ATTR1 ?ATTR2)
      (forall
            (?OBJ)
            (=>
                  (property ?OBJ ?ATTR1)
                  (property ?OBJ ?ATTR2))))

(=>
      (piece ?SUBSTANCE1 ?SUBSTANCE2)
      (forall
            (?CLASS)
            (=>
                  (instance ?SUBSTANCE1 ?CLASS)
                  (instance ?SUBSTANCE2 ?CLASS))))

(=>
      (instance ?ATOM Atom)
      (forall
            (?NUCLEUS1 ?NUCLEUS2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (component ?NUCLEUS1 ?ATOM)
                        (component ?NUCLEUS2 ?ATOM)
                        (instance ?NUCLEUS1 AtomicNucleus)
                        (instance ?NUCLEUS2 AtomicNucleus))
                  (equal ?NUCLEUS1 ?NUCLEUS2))))

coll1 je a proper sub-collection of coll2 tehdy a jen tehdy pokud
(<=>
      (subCollection ?COLL1 ?COLL2)
      (and
            (instance ?COLL1 Collection)
            (instance ?COLL2 Collection)
            (forall
                  (?MEMBER)
                  (=>
                        (member ?MEMBER ?COLL1)
                        (member ?MEMBER ?COLL2)))))

"abstraction fn(class)" se rovná attr tehdy a jen tehdy pokud pro všechny inst platí: inst je instancí třídy class tehdy a jen tehdy pokud instatribut attr.
(<=>
      (equal
            (AbstractionFn ?CLASS)
            ?ATTR)
      (forall
            (?INST)
            (<=>
                  (instance ?INST ?CLASS)
                  (property ?INST ?ATTR))))

rel je instancí třídy relace s jedinou hodnotou tehdy a jen tehdy pokud pro všechny ,item1,item2 platí: jestliže rel(,item1) holds a rel(,item2) holds, potom item1 se rovná item2.
(<=>
      (instance ?REL SingleValuedRelation)
      (forall
            (@ROW ?ITEM1 ?ITEM2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (holds ?REL @ROW ?ITEM1)
                        (holds ?REL @ROW ?ITEM2))
                  (equal ?ITEM1 ?ITEM2))))

rel je instancí třídy úplná relace tehdy a jen tehdy pokud existuje valence tak, že rel je instancí třídy relace a rel has valence argument(s) a
(<=>
      (instance ?REL TotalValuedRelation)
      (exists
            (?VALENCE)
            (and
                  (instance ?REL Relation)
                  (valence ?REL ?VALENCE)
                  (=>
                        (forall
                              (?NUMBER ?ELEMENT ?CLASS)
                              (=>
                                    (and
                                          (lessThan ?NUMBER ?VALENCE)
                                          (domain ?REL ?NUMBER ?CLASS)
                                          (equal
                                                ?ELEMENT
                                                (ListOrderFn
                                                      (ListFn @ROW)
                                                      ?NUMBER)))
                                    (instance ?ELEMENT ?CLASS)))
                        (exists
                              (?ITEM)
                              (holds ?REL @ROW ?ITEM))))))

Jestliže rel je instancí třídy ireflexivní relace, potom pro všechny inst platí: rel(inst,inst) doesn't hold.
(=>
      (instance ?REL IrreflexiveRelation)
      (forall
            (?INST)
            (not
                  (holds ?REL ?INST ?INST))))

(=>
      (instance ?REL SymmetricRelation)
      (forall
            (?INST1 ?INST2)
            (=>
                  (holds ?REL ?INST1 ?INST2)
                  (holds ?REL ?INST2 ?INST1))))

(=>
      (instance ?REL AntisymmetricRelation)
      (forall
            (?INST1 ?INST2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (holds ?REL ?INST1 ?INST2)
                        (holds ?REL ?INST2 ?INST1))
                  (equal ?INST1 ?INST2))))

Jestliže rel je instancí třídy trichotomická relace, potom pro všechny inst1,inst2 platí: rel(inst1,inst2) holds nebo inst1 se rovná inst2 nebo rel(inst2,inst1) holds.
(=>
      (instance ?REL TrichotomizingRelation)
      (forall
            (?INST1 ?INST2)
            (or
                  (holds ?REL ?INST1 ?INST2)
                  (equal ?INST1 ?INST2)
                  (holds ?REL ?INST2 ?INST1))))

(=>
      (instance ?REL TransitiveRelation)
      (forall
            (?INST1 ?INST2 ?INST3)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (holds ?REL ?INST1 ?INST2)
                        (holds ?REL ?INST2 ?INST3))
                  (holds ?REL ?INST1 ?INST3))))

(=>
      (instance ?REL IntransitiveRelation)
      (forall
            (?INST1 ?INST2 ?INST3)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (holds ?REL ?INST1 ?INST2)
                        (holds ?REL ?INST2 ?INST3))
                  (not
                        (holds ?REL ?INST1 ?INST3)))))

Jestliže rel je instancí třídy relace úplné uspořádání, potom pro všechny inst1,inst2 platí: rel(inst1,inst2) holds nebo rel(inst2,inst1) holds.
(=>
      (instance ?REL TotalOrderingRelation)
      (forall
            (?INST1 ?INST2)
            (or
                  (holds ?REL ?INST1 ?INST2)
                  (holds ?REL ?INST2 ?INST1))))

(=>
      (instance ?LIST List)
      (exists
            (?NUMBER1)
            (exists
                  (?ITEM1)
                  (and
                        (not
                              (equal
                                    (ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER1)
                                    ?ITEM1))
                        (forall
                              (?NUMBER2)
                              (=>
                                    (and
                                          (instance ?NUMBER2 PositiveInteger)
                                          (lessThan ?NUMBER2 ?NUMBER1))
                                    (exists
                                          (?ITEM2)
                                          (equal
                                                (ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER2)
                                                ?ITEM2))))))))

list je instancí třídy seznam bez duplicit tehdy a jen tehdy pokud pro všechny number1,number2 platí: jestliže "number1th element of list" se rovná "number2th element of list", potom number1 se rovná number2.
(<=>
      (instance ?LIST UniqueList)
      (forall
            (?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2)
            (=>
                  (equal
                        (ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER1)
                        (ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER2))
                  (equal ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2))))

(=>
      (exhaustiveDecomposition ?CLASS @ROW)
      (forall
            (?OBJ)
            (=>
                  (instance ?OBJ ?CLASS)
                  (exists
                        (?ITEM)
                        (and
                              (inList
                                    ?ITEM
                                    (ListFn @ROW))
                              (instance ?OBJ ?ITEM))))))

(=>
      (disjointDecomposition ?CLASS @ROW)
      (forall
            (?ITEM)
            (=>
                  (inList
                        ?ITEM
                        (ListFn @ROW))
                  (subclass ?ITEM ?CLASS))))

(=>
      (disjointDecomposition ?CLASS @ROW)
      (forall
            (?ITEM1 ?ITEM2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (inList
                              ?ITEM1
                              (ListFn @ROW))
                        (inList
                              ?ITEM2
                              (ListFn @ROW))
                        (not
                              (equal ?ITEM1 ?ITEM2)))
                  (disjoint ?ITEM1 ?ITEM2))))

Jestliže list1 je instancí třídy seznam a list2 je instancí třídy seznam a pro všechny number platí: "numberth element of list1" se rovná "numberth element of list2", potom list1 se rovná list2.
(=>
      (and
            (instance ?LIST1 List)
            (instance ?LIST2 List)
            (forall
                  (?NUMBER)
                  (equal
                        (ListOrderFn ?LIST1 ?NUMBER)
                        (ListOrderFn ?LIST2 ?NUMBER))))
      (equal ?LIST1 ?LIST2))

Jestliže "length of list" se rovná number1, potom pro všechny number2 platí: existuje item tak, že "number2th element of list" se rovná item tehdy a jen tehdy pokud number2 je menší než nebo roven number1.
(=>
      (equal
            (ListLengthFn ?LIST)
            ?NUMBER1)
      (forall
            (?NUMBER2)
            (<=>
                  (exists
                        (?ITEM)
                        (equal
                              (ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER2)
                              ?ITEM))
                  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?NUMBER2 ?NUMBER1))))

(=>
      (valence ?REL ?NUMBER)
      (forall
            (@ROW)
            (=>
                  (holds ?REL @ROW)
                  (equal
                        (ListLengthFn
                              (ListFn @ROW))
                        ?NUMBER))))

list3 se rovná "list concatenate fn(list1,list2)" tehdy a jen tehdy pokud pro všechny number1,number2 platí: jestliže number1 je menší než nebo roven "length of list1" a number2 je menší než nebo roven "length of list2" a number1 je instancí třídy kladné celé číslo a number2 je instancí třídy kladné celé číslo, potom "number1th element of list3" se rovná "number1th element of list1" a ""("length of list1"+number2)"th element of list3" se rovná "number2th element of list2".
(<=>
      (equal
            ?LIST3
            (ListConcatenateFn ?LIST1 ?LIST2))
      (forall
            (?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (lessThanOrEqualTo
                              ?NUMBER1
                              (ListLengthFn ?LIST1))
                        (lessThanOrEqualTo
                              ?NUMBER2
                              (ListLengthFn ?LIST2))
                        (instance ?NUMBER1 PositiveInteger)
                        (instance ?NUMBER2 PositiveInteger))
                  (and
                        (equal
                              (ListOrderFn ?LIST3 ?NUMBER1)
                              (ListOrderFn ?LIST1 ?NUMBER1))
                        (equal
                              (ListOrderFn
                                    ?LIST3
                                    (AdditionFn
                                          (ListLengthFn ?LIST1)
                                          ?NUMBER2))
                              (ListOrderFn ?LIST2 ?NUMBER2))))))

(=>
      (subList ?LIST1 ?LIST2)
      (forall
            (?ITEM)
            (=>
                  (inList ?ITEM ?LIST1)
                  (inList ?ITEM ?LIST2))))

(=>
      (subList ?LIST1 ?LIST2)
      (exists
            (?NUMBER3)
            (forall
                  (?ITEM)
                  (=>
                        (inList ?ITEM ?LIST1)
                        (exists
                              (?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2)
                              (and
                                    (equal
                                          (ListOrderFn ?LIST1 ?NUMBER1)
                                          ?ITEM)
                                    (equal
                                          (ListOrderFn ?LIST2 ?NUMBER2)
                                          ?ITEM)
                                    (equal
                                          ?NUMBER2
                                          (AdditionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER3))))))))

(=>
      (initialList ?LIST1 ?LIST2)
      (forall
            (?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (equal
                              (ListLengthFn ?LIST1)
                              ?NUMBER1)
                        (lessThanOrEqualTo ?NUMBER2 ?NUMBER1))
                  (equal
                        (ListOrderFn ?LIST1 ?NUMBER2)
                        (ListOrderFn ?LIST2 ?NUMBER2)))))

(=>
      (instance ?FUN OneToOneFunction)
      (forall
            (?ARG1 ?ARG2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (domain ?FUN 1 ?CLASS)
                        (instance ?ARG1 ?CLASS)
                        (instance ?ARG2 ?CLASS)
                        (not
                              (equal ?ARG1 ?ARG2)))
                  (not
                        (equal
                              (AssignmentFn ?FUN ?ARG1)
                              (AssignmentFn ?FUN ?ARG2))))))

(=>
      (instance ?FUNCTION AssociativeFunction)
      (forall
            (?INST1 ?INST2 ?INST3)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (domain ?FUNCTION 1 ?CLASS)
                        (instance ?INST1 ?CLASS)
                        (instance ?INST2 ?CLASS)
                        (instance ?INST3 ?CLASS))
                  (equal
                        (AssignmentFn
                              ?FUNCTION
                              ?INST1
                              (AssignmentFn ?FUNCTION ?INST2 ?INST3))
                        (AssignmentFn
                              ?FUNCTION
                              (AssignmentFn ?FUNCTION ?INST1 ?INST2)
                              ?INST3)))))

(=>
      (instance ?FUNCTION CommutativeFunction)
      (forall
            (?INST1 ?INST2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (domain ?FUNCTION 1 ?CLASS)
                        (instance ?INST1 ?CLASS)
                        (instance ?INST2 ?CLASS))
                  (equal
                        (AssignmentFn ?FUNCTION ?INST1 ?INST2)
                        (AssignmentFn ?FUNCTION ?INST2 ?INST1)))))

(=>
      (and
            (closedOn ?FUNCTION ?CLASS)
            (instance ?FUNCTION UnaryFunction))
      (forall
            (?INST)
            (=>
                  (instance ?INST ?CLASS)
                  (instance
                        (AssignmentFn ?FUNCTION ?INST)
                        ?CLASS))))

(=>
      (and
            (closedOn ?FUNCTION ?CLASS)
            (instance ?FUNCTION BinaryFunction))
      (forall
            (?INST1 ?INST2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (instance ?INST1 ?CLASS)
                        (instance ?INST2 ?CLASS))
                  (instance
                        (AssignmentFn ?FUNCTION ?INST1 ?INST2)
                        ?CLASS))))

(=>
      (reflexiveOn ?RELATION ?CLASS)
      (forall
            (?INST)
            (=>
                  (instance ?INST ?CLASS)
                  (holds ?RELATION ?INST ?INST))))

(=>
      (irreflexiveOn ?RELATION ?CLASS)
      (forall
            (?INST)
            (=>
                  (instance ?INST ?CLASS)
                  (not
                        (holds ?RELATION ?INST ?INST)))))

(=>
      (trichotomizingOn ?RELATION ?CLASS)
      (forall
            (?INST1 ?INST2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (instance ?INST1 ?CLASS)
                        (instance ?INST2 ?CLASS))
                  (or
                        (holds ?RELATION ?INST1 ?INST2)
                        (holds ?RELATION ?INST2 ?INST1)
                        (equal ?INST1 ?INST2)))))

(=>
      (distributes ?FUNCTION1 ?FUNCTION2)
      (forall
            (?INST1 ?INST2 ?INST3)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (domain ?FUNCTION1 1 ?CLASS1)
                        (instance ?INST1 ?CLASS1)
                        (instance ?INST2 ?CLASS1)
                        (instance ?INST3 ?CLASS1)
                        (domain ?FUNCTION2 1 ?CLASS2)
                        (instance ?INST1 ?CLASS2)
                        (instance ?INST2 ?CLASS2)
                        (instance ?INST3 ?CLASS2))
                  (equal
                        (AssignmentFn
                              ?FUNCTION1
                              ?INST1
                              (AssignmentFn ?FUNCTION2 ?INST2 ?INST3))
                        (AssignmentFn
                              ?FUNCTION2
                              (AssignmentFn ?FUNCTION1 ?INST1 ?INST2)
                              (AssignmentFn ?FUNCTION1 ?INST1 ?INST3))))))

(=>
      (causesSubclass ?PROC1 ?PROC2)
      (forall
            (?INST2)
            (=>
                  (instance ?INST2 ?PROC2)
                  (exists
                        (?INST1)
                        (and
                              (instance ?INST1 ?PROC1)
                              (causes ?INST1 ?INST2))))))

(=>
      (copy ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
      (forall
            (?ATTR)
            (=>
                  (attribute ?OBJ1 ?ATTR)
                  (attribute ?OBJ2 ?ATTR))))

(=>
      (located ?OBJ ?REGION)
      (forall
            (?SUBOBJ)
            (=>
                  (part ?SUBOBJ ?OBJ)
                  (located ?SUBOBJ ?REGION))))

(=>
      (possesses ?PERSON ?OBJ)
      (exists
            (?TYPE)
            (and
                  (holdsRight ?PERSON ?TYPE)
                  (forall
                        (?PROCESS)
                        (=>
                              (instance ?PROCESS ?TYPE)
                              (patient ?PROCESS ?OBJ))))))

Jestliže inhibits(proc1,proc2) platí, potom pro všechny time,place platí: "existuje proc1 inst1 tak, že inst1 je located at place během time" decreases likelihood of "existuje proc2 inst2 tak, že inst2 je located at place během time".
(=>
      (inhibits ?PROC1 ?PROC2)
      (forall
            (?TIME ?PLACE)
            (decreasesLikelihood
                  (holdsDuring
                        ?TIME
                        (exists
                              (?INST1)
                              (and
                                    (instance ?INST1 ?PROC1)
                                    (located ?INST1 ?PLACE))))
                  (holdsDuring
                        ?TIME
                        (exists
                              (?INST2)
                              (and
                                    (instance ?INST2 ?PROC2)
                                    (located ?INST2 ?PLACE)))))))

(=>
      (prevents ?PROC1 ?PROC2)
      (forall
            (?TIME ?PLACE)
            (=>
                  (holdsDuring
                        ?TIME
                        (exists
                              (?INST1)
                              (and
                                    (instance ?INST1 ?PROC1)
                                    (located ?INST1 ?PLACE))))
                  (not
                        (holdsDuring
                              ?TIME
                              (exists
                                    (?INST2)
                                    (and
                                          (instance ?INST2 ?PROC2)
                                          (located ?INST2 ?PLACE))))))))

subsumes content class(class1,class2) platí tehdy a jen tehdy pokud pro všechny obj2,info platí: jestliže obj2 je instancí třídy class2 a obj2 contains information info, potom existuje class1 obj1 tak, že obj1 contains information info.
(<=>
      (subsumesContentClass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2)
      (forall
            (?OBJ2 ?INFO)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (instance ?OBJ2 ?CLASS2)
                        (containsInformation ?OBJ2 ?INFO))
                  (exists
                        (?OBJ1)
                        (and
                              (instance ?OBJ1 ?CLASS1)
                              (containsInformation ?OBJ1 ?INFO))))))

subsumes content instance(obj1,obj2) platí tehdy a jen tehdy pokud pro všechny info platí: jestliže obj2 contains information info, potom obj1 contains information info.
(<=>
      (subsumesContentInstance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
      (forall
            (?INFO)
            (=>
                  (containsInformation ?OBJ2 ?INFO)
                  (containsInformation ?OBJ1 ?INFO))))

(=>
      (subProposition ?PROP1 ?PROP2)
      (forall
            (?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (containsInformation ?OBJ1 ?PROP1)
                        (containsInformation ?OBJ2 ?PROP2))
                  (subsumesContentInstance ?OBJ2 ?OBJ1))))

(=>
      (equal
            (GreatestCommonDivisorFn @ROW)
            ?NUMBER)
      (forall
            (?ELEMENT)
            (=>
                  (inList
                        ?ELEMENT
                        (ListFn @ROW))
                  (equal
                        (RemainderFn ?ELEMENT ?NUMBER)
                        0))))

(=>
      (equal
            (GreatestCommonDivisorFn @ROW)
            ?NUMBER)
      (not
            (exists
                  (?GREATER)
                  (and
                        (greaterThan ?GREATER ?NUMBER)
                        (forall
                              (?ELEMENT)
                              (=>
                                    (inList
                                          ?ELEMENT
                                          (ListFn @ROW))
                                    (equal
                                          (RemainderFn ?ELEMENT ?GREATER)
                                          0)))))))

(=>
      (equal
            (LeastCommonMultipleFn @ROW)
            ?NUMBER)
      (forall
            (?ELEMENT)
            (=>
                  (inList
                        ?ELEMENT
                        (ListFn @ROW))
                  (equal
                        (RemainderFn ?NUMBER ?ELEMENT)
                        0))))

(=>
      (equal
            (LeastCommonMultipleFn @ROW)
            ?NUMBER)
      (not
            (exists
                  (?LESS)
                  (and
                        (lessThan ?LESS ?NUMBER)
                        (forall
                              (?ELEMENT)
                              (=>
                                    (inList
                                          ?ELEMENT
                                          (ListFn @ROW))
                                    (equal
                                          (RemainderFn ?LESS ?ELEMENT)
                                          0)))))))

(=>
      (instance ?PRIME PrimeNumber)
      (forall
            (?NUMBER)
            (=>
                  (equal
                        (RemainderFn ?PRIME ?NUMBER)
                        0)
                  (or
                        (equal ?NUMBER 1)
                        (equal ?NUMBER ?PRIME)))))

(=>
      (identityElement ?FUNCTION ?ID)
      (forall
            (?INST)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (domain ?FUNCTION 1 ?CLASS)
                        (instance ?INST ?CLASS))
                  (equal
                        (AssignmentFn ?FUNCTION ?ID ?INST)
                        ?INST))))

(=>
      (subset ?SUBSET ?SET)
      (forall
            (?ELEMENT)
            (=>
                  (element ?ELEMENT ?SUBSET)
                  (element ?ELEMENT ?SET))))

Jestliže pro všechny element platí: element je an element of set1 tehdy a jen tehdy pokud element je an element of set2, potom set1 se rovná set2.
(=>
      (forall
            (?ELEMENT)
            (<=>
                  (element ?ELEMENT ?SET1)
                  (element ?ELEMENT ?SET2)))
      (equal ?SET1 ?SET2))

(=>
      (instance ?SUPERCLASS PairwiseDisjointClass)
      (forall
            (?CLASS1 ?CLASS2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (instance ?CLASS1 ?SUPERCLASS)
                        (instance ?CLASS2 ?SUPERCLASS))
                  (or
                        (equal ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2)
                        (disjoint ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2)))))

(=>
      (instance ?CLASS MutuallyDisjointClass)
      (forall
            (?INST1 ?INST2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (instance ?INST1 ?CLASS)
                        (instance ?INST2 ?INST1))
                  (exists
                        (?INST3)
                        (and
                              (instance ?INST3 ?CLASS)
                              (not
                                    (instance ?INST2 ?INST3)))))))

(=>
      (and
            (equal
                  (PathWeightFn ?PATH)
                  ?SUM)
            (subGraph ?SUBPATH ?PATH)
            (graphPart ?ARC1 ?PATH)
            (arcWeight ?ARC1 ?NUMBER1)
            (forall
                  (?ARC2)
                  (=>
                        (graphPart ?ARC2 ?PATH)
                        (or
                              (graphPart ?ARC2 ?SUBPATH)
                              (equal ?ARC2 ?ARC1)))))
      (equal
            ?SUM
            (AdditionFn
                  (PathWeightFn ?SUBPATH)
                  ?NUMBER1)))

(=>
      (and
            (equal
                  (PathWeightFn ?PATH)
                  ?SUM)
            (graphPart ?ARC1 ?PATH)
            (graphPart ?ARC2 ?PATH)
            (arcWeight ?ARC1 ?NUMBER1)
            (arcWeight ?ARC2 ?NUMBER2)
            (forall
                  (?ARC3)
                  (=>
                        (graphPart ?ARC3 ?PATH)
                        (or
                              (equal ?ARC3 ?ARC1)
                              (equal ?ARC3 ?ARC2)))))
      (equal
            (PathWeightFn ?PATH)
            (AdditionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2)))

(=>
      (and
            (equal
                  (MinimalWeightedPathFn ?NODE1 ?NODE2)
                  ?PATH)
            (equal
                  (PathWeightFn ?PATH)
                  ?NUMBER))
      (forall
            (?PATH2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (instance
                              ?PATH2
                              (GraphPathFn ?NODE1 ?NODE2))
                        (equal
                              (PathWeightFn ?PATH2)
                              ?NUMBER2))
                  (greaterThanOrEqualTo ?NUMBER2 ?NUMBER1))))

(=>
      (and
            (equal
                  (MaximalWeightedPathFn ?NODE1 ?NODE2)
                  ?PATH)
            (equal
                  (PathWeightFn ?PATH)
                  ?NUMBER))
      (forall
            (?PATH2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (instance
                              ?PATH2
                              (GraphPathFn ?NODE1 ?NODE2))
                        (equal
                              (PathWeightFn ?PATH2)
                              ?NUMBER2))
                  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?NUMBER2 ?NUMBER1))))

(=>
      (equal
            (MinimalCutSetFn ?GRAPH)
            ?PATHCLASS)
      (exists
            (?NUMBER)
            (forall
                  (?PATH)
                  (=>
                        (instance ?PATH ?PATHCLASS)
                        (pathLength ?PATH ?NUMBER)))))

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?REL RelationExtendedToQuantities)
            (instance ?REL TernaryRelation)
            (instance ?NUMBER1 RealNumber)
            (instance ?NUMBER2 RealNumber)
            (holds ?REL ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2 ?VALUE))
      (forall
            (?UNIT)
            (=>
                  (instance ?UNIT UnitOfMeasure)
                  (holds
                        ?REL
                        (MeasureFn ?NUMBER1 ?UNIT)
                        (MeasureFn ?NUMBER2 ?UNIT)
                        (MeasureFn ?VALUE ?UNIT)))))

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?REL RelationExtendedToQuantities)
            (instance ?REL BinaryRelation)
            (instance ?NUMBER1 RealNumber)
            (instance ?NUMBER2 RealNumber)
            (holds ?REL ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2))
      (forall
            (?UNIT)
            (=>
                  (instance ?UNIT UnitOfMeasure)
                  (holds
                        ?REL
                        (MeasureFn ?NUMBER1 ?UNIT)
                        (MeasureFn ?NUMBER2 ?UNIT)))))

(=>
      (larger ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
      (forall
            (?QUANT1 ?QUANT2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (measure
                              ?OBJ1
                              (MeasureFn ?QUANT1 LengthMeasure))
                        (measure
                              ?OBJ2
                              (MeasureFn ?QUANT2 LengthMeasure)))
                  (greaterThan ?QUANT1 ?QUANT2))))

(=>
      (frequency ?PROC ?TIME1)
      (forall
            (?TIME2)
            (=>
                  (duration ?TIME2 ?TIME1)
                  (exists
                        (?POSITION)
                        (and
                              (temporalPart ?POSITION ?TIME2)
                              (holdsDuring
                                    ?POSITION
                                    (exists
                                          (?INST)
                                          (instance ?INST ?PROC))))))))

(=>
      (equal
            (BeginFn ?INTERVAL)
            ?POINT)
      (forall
            (?OTHERPOINT)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (temporalPart ?OTHERPOINT ?INTERVAL)
                        (not
                              (equal ?OTHERPOINT ?POINT)))
                  (before ?POINT ?OTHERPOINT))))

(=>
      (equal
            (EndFn ?INTERVAL)
            ?POINT)
      (forall
            (?OTHERPOINT)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (temporalPart ?OTHERPOINT ?INTERVAL)
                        (not
                              (equal ?OTHERPOINT ?POINT)))
                  (before ?OTHERPOINT ?POINT))))

(=>
      (instance ?OBJ Object)
      (exists
            (?TIME1 ?TIME2)
            (and
                  (instance ?TIME1 TimePoint)
                  (instance ?TIME2 TimePoint)
                  (before ?TIME1 ?TIME2)
                  (forall
                        (?TIME)
                        (=>
                              (and
                                    (beforeOrEqual ?TIME1 ?TIME)
                                    (beforeOrEqual ?TIME ?TIME2))
                              (time ?OBJ ?TIME))))))

(=>
      (result ?PROC ?OBJ)
      (forall
            (?TIME)
            (=>
                  (before
                        ?TIME
                        (BeginFn
                              (WhenFn ?PROC)))
                  (not
                        (time ?OBJ ?TIME)))))

Jestliže "interval between point1 and point2" se rovná interval, potom pro všechny point platí: point je between or at point1 and point2 tehdy a jen tehdy pokud point je a part of interval.
(=>
      (equal
            (TimeIntervalFn ?POINT1 ?POINT2)
            ?INTERVAL)
      (forall
            (?POINT)
            (<=>
                  (temporallyBetweenOrEqual ?POINT1 ?POINT ?POINT2)
                  (temporalPart ?POINT ?INTERVAL))))

(=>
      (equal
            (TemporalCompositionFn ?INTERVAL ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
            ?CLASS)
      (forall
            (?TIME1 ?TIME2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (instance ?TIME1 ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
                        (instance ?TIME2 ?CLASS))
                  (exists
                        (?DURATION)
                        (and
                              (duration ?TIME1 ?DURATION)
                              (duration ?TIME2 ?DURATION))))))

(=>
      (equal
            (TemporalCompositionFn ?INTERVAL ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
            ?CLASS)
      (forall
            (?TIME1 ?TIME2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (instance ?TIME1 ?CLASS)
                        (instance ?TIME2 ?CLASS)
                        (not
                              (equal ?TIME1 ?TIME2)))
                  (or
                        (meetsTemporally ?TIME1 ?TIME2)
                        (meetsTemporally ?TIME2 ?TIME1)
                        (earlier ?TIME1 ?TIME2)
                        (earlier ?TIME2 ?TIME1)))))

(=>
      (equal
            (TemporalCompositionFn ?INTERVAL ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
            ?CLASS)
      (forall
            (?TIME1)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (instance ?TIME1 ?CLASS)
                        (not
                              (finishes ?TIME1 ?INTERVAL)))
                  (exists
                        (?TIME2)
                        (and
                              (instance ?TIME2 ?CLASS)
                              (meetsTemporally ?TIME1 ?TIME2))))))

(=>
      (equal
            (TemporalCompositionFn ?INTERVAL ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
            ?CLASS)
      (forall
            (?TIME1)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (instance ?TIME1 ?CLASS)
                        (not
                              (starts ?TIME1 ?INTERVAL)))
                  (exists
                        (?TIME2)
                        (and
                              (instance ?TIME2 ?CLASS)
                              (meetsTemporally ?TIME2 ?TIME1))))))

(=>
      (equal
            (TemporalCompositionFn ?INTERVAL ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
            ?CLASS)
      (forall
            (?TIME)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (instance ?TIME TimePoint)
                        (temporalPart ?TIME ?INTERVAL))
                  (exists
                        (?INSTANCE)
                        (and
                              (instance ?INSTANCE ?CLASS)
                              (temporalPart ?TIME ?INSTANCE))))))

obj je instancí třídy spojitý objekt tehdy a jen tehdy pokud pro všechny part1,part2 platí: jestliže obj se rovná "mereological sum fn(part1,part2)", potom part1 je spojen s part2.
(<=>
      (instance ?OBJ SelfConnectedObject)
      (forall
            (?PART1 ?PART2)
            (=>
                  (equal
                        ?OBJ
                        (MereologicalSumFn ?PART1 ?PART2))
                  (connected ?PART1 ?PART2))))

(=>
      (surface ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
      (forall
            (?OBJ3)
            (=>
                  (superficialPart ?OBJ3 ?OBJ2)
                  (part ?OBJ3 ?OBJ1))))

(=>
      (interiorPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
      (forall
            (?PART)
            (=>
                  (superficialPart ?PART ?OBJ2)
                  (not
                        (overlapsSpatially ?OBJ1 ?PART)))))

Jestliže obj3 se rovná "mereological sum fn(obj1,obj2)", potom pro všechny part platí: part je částí obj3 tehdy a jen tehdy pokud part je částí obj1 nebo part je částí obj2.
(=>
      (equal
            ?OBJ3
            (MereologicalSumFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))
      (forall
            (?PART)
            (<=>
                  (part ?PART ?OBJ3)
                  (or
                        (part ?PART ?OBJ1)
                        (part ?PART ?OBJ2)))))

Jestliže obj3 se rovná "mereological product fn(obj1,obj2)", potom pro všechny part platí: part je částí obj3 tehdy a jen tehdy pokud part je částí obj1 a part je částí obj2.
(=>
      (equal
            ?OBJ3
            (MereologicalProductFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))
      (forall
            (?PART)
            (<=>
                  (part ?PART ?OBJ3)
                  (and
                        (part ?PART ?OBJ1)
                        (part ?PART ?OBJ2)))))

Jestliže obj3 se rovná "mereological difference fn(obj1,obj2)", potom pro všechny part platí: part je částí obj3 tehdy a jen tehdy pokud part je částí obj1 a part není částí obj2.
(=>
      (equal
            ?OBJ3
            (MereologicalDifferenceFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))
      (forall
            (?PART)
            (<=>
                  (part ?PART ?OBJ3)
                  (and
                        (part ?PART ?OBJ1)
                        (not
                              (part ?PART ?OBJ2))))))

(=>
      (and
            (hole ?HOLE1 ?OBJ)
            (hole ?HOLE2 ?OBJ))
      (forall
            (?HOLE3)
            (=>
                  (part
                        ?HOLE3
                        (MereologicalSumFn ?HOLE1 ?HOLE2))
                  (hole ?HOLE3 ?OBJ))))

Jestliže obj1 se rovná "principal host fn(hole)", potom pro všechny obj2 platí: obj2 se překrývá s obj1 tehdy a jen tehdy pokud existuje obj3 tak, že hole je díra v obj3 a obj2 se překrývá s obj3.
(=>
      (equal
            ?OBJ1
            (PrincipalHostFn ?HOLE))
      (forall
            (?OBJ2)
            (<=>
                  (overlapsSpatially ?OBJ2 ?OBJ1)
                  (exists
                        (?OBJ3)
                        (and
                              (hole ?HOLE ?OBJ3)
                              (overlapsSpatially ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3))))))

(=>
      (completelyFills ?OBJ1 ?HOLE)
      (forall
            (?OBJ2)
            (=>
                  (connected ?OBJ2 ?HOLE)
                  (connected ?OBJ2 ?OBJ1))))

Jestliže obj1 se rovná "skin fn(hole)", potom pro všechny obj2 platí: obj2 se překrývá s obj1 tehdy a jen tehdy pokud existuje obj3 tak, že obj3 je a minimální částí "principal host fn(hole)" a hole se dotýká obj3 a obj2 se překrývá s obj3.
(=>
      (equal
            ?OBJ1
            (SkinFn ?HOLE))
      (forall
            (?OBJ2)
            (<=>
                  (overlapsSpatially ?OBJ2 ?OBJ1)
                  (exists
                        (?OBJ3)
                        (and
                              (superficialPart
                                    ?OBJ3
                                    (PrincipalHostFn ?HOLE))
                              (meetsSpatially ?HOLE ?OBJ3)
                              (overlapsSpatially ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3))))))

(=>
      (subProcess ?SUBPROC ?PROC)
      (forall
            (?REGION)
            (=>
                  (located ?PROC ?REGION)
                  (located ?SUBPROC ?REGION))))

(=>
      (and
            (path ?PROCESS ?PATH1)
            (origin ?PROCESS ?SOURCE)
            (destination ?PROCESS ?DEST)
            (length ?PATH1 ?MEASURE1)
            (not
                  (exists
                        (?PATH2 ?MEASURE2)
                        (and
                              (path ?PROCESS ?PATH2)
                              (origin ?PROCESS ?ORIGIN)
                              (destination ?PROCESS ?DEST)
                              (length ?PATH2 ?MEASURE2)
                              (lessThan ?MEASURE2 ?MEASURE1)))))
      (forall
            (?OBJ)
            (=>
                  (part ?OBJ ?PATH1)
                  (between ?SOURCE ?OBJ ?DEST))))

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?KEEP Keeping)
            (patient ?KEEP ?OBJ))
      (exists
            (?PLACE)
            (forall
                  (?TIME)
                  (=>
                        (temporalPart
                              ?TIME
                              (WhenFn ?KEEP))
                        (holdsDuring
                              ?TIME
                              (located ?OBJ ?PLACE))))))

(=>
      (instance ?COOPERATE Cooperation)
      (exists
            (?PURP)
            (forall
                  (?AGENT)
                  (=>
                        (agent ?COOPERATE ?AGENT)
                        (hasPurposeForAgent ?COOPERATE ?PURP ?AGENT)))))

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?WAR War)
            (agent ?WAR ?AGENT))
      (or
            (instance ?AGENT Nation)
            (and
                  (instance ?AGENT Organization)
                  (forall
                        (?MEMBER)
                        (=>
                              (member ?MEMBER ?AGENT)
                              (instance ?MEMBER Nation))))))

(=>
      (instance ?BACTERIUM Bacterium)
      (exists
            (?CELL1)
            (and
                  (component ?CELL1 ?BACTERIUM)
                  (instance ?CELL1 Cell)
                  (forall
                        (?CELL2)
                        (=>
                              (and
                                    (component ?CELL2 ?BACTERIUM)
                                    (instance ?CELL2 Cell))
                              (equal ?CELL1 ?CELL2))))))

(=>
      (instance ?VIRUS Virus)
      (exists
            (?MOL1)
            (and
                  (component ?MOL1 ?VIRUS)
                  (instance ?MOL1 Molecule)
                  (forall
                        (?MOL2)
                        (=>
                              (and
                                    (component ?MOL2 ?VIRUS)
                                    (instance ?MOL2 Molecule))
                              (equal ?MOL1 ?MOL2))))))

(=>
      (instance ?FOOD Food)
      (forall
            (?PART1)
            (=>
                  (part ?PART1 ?FOOD)
                  (exists
                        (?PART2 ?ANIMAL)
                        (and
                              (part ?PART1 ?PART2)
                              (part ?PART2 ?ANIMAL)
                              (instance ?ANIMAL Animal))))))

(=>
      (instance ?MEAT Meat)
      (forall
            (?PART)
            (=>
                  (part ?PART ?MEAT)
                  (exists
                        (?SUBPART ?TIME ?ANIMAL)
                        (and
                              (part ?SUBPART ?PART)
                              (holdsDuring
                                    ?TIME
                                    (and
                                          (instance ?ANIMAL Animal)
                                          (part ?SUBPART ?ANIMAL))))))))

(=>
      (instance ?VEG FruitOrVegetable)
      (forall
            (?PART)
            (=>
                  (part ?PART ?VEG)
                  (exists
                        (?SUBPART ?TIME ?PLANT)
                        (and
                              (part ?SUBPART ?PART)
                              (holdsDuring
                                    ?TIME
                                    (and
                                          (instance ?PLANT Plant)
                                          (part ?SUBPART ?PLANT))))))))

(=>
      (instance ?ARTIFACT StationaryArtifact)
      (exists
            (?PLACE)
            (forall
                  (?TIME)
                  (=>
                        (and
                              (beforeOrEqual
                                    ?TIME
                                    (EndFn
                                          (WhenFn ?ARTIFACT)))
                              (beforeOrEqual
                                    (BeginFn
                                          (WhenFn ?ARTIFACT))
                                    ?TIME))
                        (equal
                              (WhereFn ?ARTIFACT ?TIME)
                              ?PLACE)))))

(=>
      (instance ?MACHINE Machine)
      (forall
            (?PROC)
            (=>
                  (instrument ?PROC ?MACHINE)
                  (exists
                        (?RESOURCE ?RESULT)
                        (and
                              (resource ?PROC ?RESOURCE)
                              (result ?PROC ?RESULT))))))

(=>
      (instance ?GROUP AgeGroup)
      (forall
            (?MEMB1 ?MEMB2 ?AGE1 ?AGE2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (member ?MEMB1 ?GROUP)
                        (member ?MEMB2 ?GROUP)
                        (age ?MEMB1 ?AGE1)
                        (age ?MEMB2 ?AGE2))
                  (equal ?AGE1 ?AGE2))))

(=>
      (instance ?GROUP FamilyGroup)
      (forall
            (?MEMB1 ?MEMB2)
            (=>
                  (and
                        (member ?MEMB1 ?GROUP)
                        (member ?MEMB2 ?GROUP))
                  (familyRelation ?MEMB1 ?MEMB2))))

(=>
      (holdsDuring
            ?TIME
            (direction ?PROC ?ATTR1))
      (forall
            (?ATTR2)
            (=>
                  (holdsDuring
                        ?TIME
                        (direction ?PROC ?ATTR2))
                  (equal ?ATTR2 ?ATTR1))))

(=>
      (holdsDuring
            ?TIME
            (faces ?PROC ?ATTR1))
      (forall
            (?ATTR2)
            (=>
                  (holdsDuring
                        ?TIME
                        (faces ?PROC ?ATTR2))
                  (equal ?ATTR2 ?ATTR1))))

Pro všechny org platí: org doesn't employ person a person je instancí třídy člověk tehdy a jen tehdy pokud unemployed je atributem person.
(<=>
      (forall
            (?ORG)
            (and
                  (not
                        (employs ?ORG ?PERSON))
                  (instance ?PERSON Human)))
      (attribute ?PERSON Unemployed))

(=>
      (and
            (attribute ?OBJ Monochromatic)
            (superficialPart ?PART ?OBJ)
            (attribute ?PART ?COLOR)
            (instance ?COLOR PrimaryColor))
      (forall
            (?ELEMENT)
            (=>
                  (superficialPart ?ELEMENT ?OBJ)
                  (attribute ?ELEMENT ?COLOR))))

(=>
      (attribute ?OBJ Wet)
      (forall
            (?PART)
            (=>
                  (part ?PART ?OBJ)
                  (exists
                        (?SUBPART)
                        (and
                              (part ?SUBPART ?PART)
                              (attribute ?SUBPART Liquid))))))

entity je instancí třídy "generalized intersection fn(superclass)" tehdy a jen tehdy pokud pro všechny class platí: jestliže class je instancí třídy superclass, potom entity je instancí třídy class.
(<=>
      (instance
            ?ENTITY
            (GeneralizedIntersectionFn ?SUPERCLASS))
      (forall
            (?CLASS)
            (=>
                  (instance ?CLASS ?SUPERCLASS)
                  (instance ?ENTITY ?CLASS))))