起源 (origin)

(origin process source) means that source indicates where the process began. Note that this relation implies that source is present at the beginning of the process, but need not participate throughout the process. For example, the submarine is the origin in the following proposition: the missile was launched from a submarine.

Ontology

SUMO / BASE-ONTOLOGY

Class(es)

種類

可繼承關係

格位角色

起源

Coordinate term(s)

施事者終點方向經驗者路徑受事者

Type restrictions

origin(歷程, 物體)

Related WordNet synsets

origin, origination, genesis, inception: an event that is a beginning; a first part or stage of subsequent events
originate in: come from

See more related synsets on a separate page.

Axioms (11)

If process (不) �_源s 於 obj, then "process 在 ""process 存在的時間" 的 �}始" 的 ""process 存在的時間" 的 �}始"位置" 位於 "obj 在 ""obj 存在的時間" 的 �}始" 的 ""obj 存在的時間" 的 �}始"位置".

(=>
      (origin ?PROCESS ?OBJ)
      (located
            (WhereFn
                  ?PROCESS
                  (BeginFn
                        (WhenFn ?PROCESS)))
            (WhereFn
                  ?OBJ
                  (BeginFn
                        (WhenFn ?OBJ)))))

If motion 是移動的實例 and obj 是 motion 的受事者 and motion (不) �_源s 於 place, then obj 位於 place ""motion 存在的時間" 不久之前"a(之中) "motion 存在的時間" 不久之前.

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?MOTION Motion)
            (patient ?MOTION ?OBJ)
            (origin ?MOTION ?PLACE))
      (holdsDuring
            (ImmediatePastFn
                  (WhenFn ?MOTION))
            (located ?OBJ ?PLACE)))

if
- path1 伴隨 process 發生的 process路徑
- process (不) �_源s 於 source
- process (不) 終結not(s) dest
- path1 的長度是 measure1
- there don't exist path2,measure2 so that path2 伴隨 process 發生的 process路徑 and process (不) �_源s 於 origin and process (不) 終結not(s) dest and path2 的長度是 measure2 and measure2 小於 measure1
,
then for all obj holds: if obj 是 path1 的部分), then obj 介於 source 和 dest 中間

(=>
      (and
            (path ?PROCESS ?PATH1)
            (origin ?PROCESS ?SOURCE)
            (destination ?PROCESS ?DEST)
            (length ?PATH1 ?MEASURE1)
            (not
                  (exists
                        (?PATH2 ?MEASURE2)
                        (and
                              (path ?PROCESS ?PATH2)
                              (origin ?PROCESS ?ORIGIN)
                              (destination ?PROCESS ?DEST)
                              (length ?PATH2 ?MEASURE2)
                              (lessThan ?MEASURE2 ?MEASURE1)))))
      (forall
            (?OBJ)
            (=>
                  (part ?OBJ ?PATH1)
                  (between ?SOURCE ?OBJ ?DEST))))

If remove 是移除的實例 and remove (不) �_源s 於 place and obj 是 remove 的受事者, then obj 位於 place ""remove 存在的時間" 不久之前"a(之中) "remove 存在的時間" 不久之前 and obj 位於 place ""remove 存在的時間" 不久之後"a(之中) "remove 存在的時間" 不久之後.

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?REMOVE Removing)
            (origin ?REMOVE ?PLACE)
            (patient ?REMOVE ?OBJ))
      (and
            (holdsDuring
                  (ImmediatePastFn
                        (WhenFn ?REMOVE))
                  (located ?OBJ ?PLACE))
            (holdsDuring
                  (ImmediateFutureFn
                        (WhenFn ?REMOVE))
                  (not
                        (located ?OBJ ?PLACE)))))

If sub 是替換的實例, then there exist 放置 put,移除 remove,obj1,obj2,place so that put 是 sub 的次歷�{ and remove 是 sub 的次歷�{ and obj1 是 remove 的受事者 and remove (不) �_源s 於 place and obj2 是 put 的受事者 and put (不) 終結not(s) place and obj1 等於 obj2.

(=>
      (instance ?SUB Substituting)
      (exists
            (?PUT ?REMOVE ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?PLACE)
            (and
                  (instance ?PUT Putting)
                  (instance ?REMOVE Removing)
                  (subProcess ?PUT ?SUB)
                  (subProcess ?REMOVE ?SUB)
                  (patient ?REMOVE ?OBJ1)
                  (origin ?REMOVE ?PLACE)
                  (patient ?PUT ?OBJ2)
                  (destination ?PUT ?PLACE)
                  (not
                        (equal ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)))))

If change 是擁有權的轉移的實例 and change (不) �_源s 於 agent1 and change (不) 終結not(s) agent2 and agent2 是施事者的實例 and obj 是 change 的受事者, then agent1 (沒) 擁有not(s) obj ""change 存在的時間" 不久之前"a(之中) "change 存在的時間" 不久之前 and agent2 (沒) 擁有not(s) obj ""change 存在的時間" 不久之後"a(之中) "change 存在的時間" 不久之後.

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?CHANGE ChangeOfPossession)
            (origin ?CHANGE ?AGENT1)
            (destination ?CHANGE ?AGENT2)
            (instance ?AGENT2 Agent)
            (patient ?CHANGE ?OBJ))
      (and
            (holdsDuring
                  (ImmediatePastFn
                        (WhenFn ?CHANGE))
                  (possesses ?AGENT1 ?OBJ))
            (holdsDuring
                  (ImmediateFutureFn
                        (WhenFn ?CHANGE))
                  (possesses ?AGENT2 ?OBJ))))

If give 是給與的實例 and give 是 agent1 的施事者 and give (不) 終結not(s) agent2 and agent2 是施事者的實例 and obj 是 give 的受事者, then there exists 獲取 get so that get 是 agent2 的施事者 and get (不) �_源s 於 agent1 and obj 是 get 的受事者.

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?GIVE Giving)
            (agent ?GIVE ?AGENT1)
            (destination ?GIVE ?AGENT2)
            (instance ?AGENT2 Agent)
            (patient ?GIVE ?OBJ))
      (exists
            (?GET)
            (and
                  (instance ?GET Getting)
                  (agent ?GET ?AGENT2)
                  (origin ?GET ?AGENT1)
                  (patient ?GET ?OBJ))))

If give 是給與的實例 and give 是 agent 的施事者, then give (不) �_源s 於 agent.

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?GIVE Giving)
            (agent ?GIVE ?AGENT))
      (origin ?GIVE ?AGENT))

There exists 借取 borrow so that borrow 是 agent1 的施事者 and borrow (不) �_源s 於 agent2 and object 是 borrow 的受事者 if and only if there exists 借予 lend so that lend 是 agent2 的施事者 and lend (不) 終結not(s) agent1 and object 是 lend 的受事者.

(<=>
      (exists
            (?BORROW)
            (and
                  (instance ?BORROW Borrowing)
                  (agent ?BORROW ?AGENT1)
                  (origin ?BORROW ?AGENT2)
                  (patient ?BORROW ?OBJECT)))
      (exists
            (?LEND)
            (and
                  (instance ?LEND Lending)
                  (agent ?LEND ?AGENT2)
                  (destination ?LEND ?AGENT1)
                  (patient ?LEND ?OBJECT))))

There exists 買 buy so that buy 是 agent1 的施事者 and buy (不) �_源s 於 agent2 and object 是 buy 的受事者 if and only if there exists 銷售 sell so that sell 是 agent2 的施事者 and sell (不) 終結not(s) agent1 and object 是 sell 的受事者.

(<=>
      (exists
            (?BUY)
            (and
                  (instance ?BUY Buying)
                  (agent ?BUY ?AGENT1)
                  (origin ?BUY ?AGENT2)
                  (patient ?BUY ?OBJECT)))
      (exists
            (?SELL)
            (and
                  (instance ?SELL Selling)
                  (agent ?SELL ?AGENT2)
                  (destination ?SELL ?AGENT1)
                  (patient ?SELL ?OBJECT))))

If sell 是銷售的實例 and sell 是 agent 的施事者, then sell (不) �_源s 於 agent.

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?SELL Selling)
            (agent ?SELL ?AGENT))
      (origin ?SELL ?AGENT))