«D (not)
The truth-functional connective of negation.
Ontology
SUMO / STRUCTURAL-ONTOLOGYClass(es)
Coordinate term(s)
Y¥B°ßY
Y
©M
±Àª¾
¦s¦b
©Ò¦³
©Î
Type restrictions
not(SUO-KIFªíz¦¡)
Related WordNet synsets
- negation
- the negative of the opposition
- not
- negation of a word or group of words; "he does not speak French"; "she is not going"; "they are not friends"; "not many"; "not much"; "not at all"
- no
- not in any degree or manner; not at all; "he is no better today"
See more related synsets on a separate page.
Axioms (121)
If entity ¬O class ªº ª½±µ ¹ê¨Ò, then there doesn't exist class subclass so that entity ¬O subclass ªº ¹ê¨Ò.
(=>
(immediateInstance ?ENTITY ?CLASS)
(not
(exists
(?SUBCLASS)
(and
(subclass ?SUBCLASS ?CLASS)
(instance ?ENTITY ?SUBCLASS)))))
If class1 ¬O class2 ªº ª½±µ ¦¸ºØÃþ, then there doesn't exist class2 class3 so that class1 ¬O class3 ªº ¦¸ºØÃþ and class2 µ¥©ó class3 and class1 µ¥©ó class3.
(=>
(immediateSubclass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2)
(not
(exists
(?CLASS3)
(and
(subclass ?CLASS3 ?CLASS2)
(subclass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS3)
(not
(equal ?CLASS2 ?CLASS3))
(not
(equal ?CLASS1 ?CLASS3))))))
class1 µL¥æ¶° ©ó class2 if and only if
(<=>
(disjoint ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2)
(and
(instance ?CLASS1 SetOrClass)
(instance ?CLASS2 SetOrClass)
(forall
(?INST)
(not
(and
(instance ?INST ?CLASS1)
(instance ?INST ?CLASS2))))))
If µL¥æ¶°Ãö«Y() holds and rel1 ¬O "()" ªº ¤@ ¦¨û and rel2 ¬O "()" ªº ¤@ ¦¨û and rel1 µ¥©ó rel2 and rel1() (¤£) ¦¨¥ßs, then rel2() not(¤£) ¦¨¥ß.
(=>
(and
(disjointRelation @ROW1)
(inList
?REL1
(ListFn @ROW1))
(inList
?REL2
(ListFn @ROW1))
(not
(equal ?REL1 ?REL2))
(holds ?REL1 @ROW2))
(not
(holds ?REL2 @ROW2)))
- if ¹ï¥ß©ó ?,
- then for all attr1,attr2 holds:
- if attr1 µ¥©ó ""()" ªº ²Ä¤G ¤¸¯À" and attr2 µ¥©ó ""()" ªº ²Ä¤G ¤¸¯À" and number1 µ¥©ó number2,
- then if obj ¦³ ÄÝ©Ê attr1, then obj ¦³ ÄÝ©Ê attr2
.
(=>
(contraryAttribute @ROW)
(forall
(?ATTR1 ?ATTR2)
(=>
(and
(equal
?ATTR1
(ListOrderFn
(ListFn @ROW)
?NUMBER1))
(equal
?ATTR2
(ListOrderFn
(ListFn @ROW)
?NUMBER2))
(not
(equal ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2)))
(=>
(property ?OBJ ?ATTR1)
(not
(property ?OBJ ?ATTR2))))))
obj1 ¬O obj2 ªº ¥¿³¡¤À if and only if obj1 ¬O obj2 ªº ³¡¤À) and obj2 ¬O obj1 ªº ³¡¤À).
(<=>
(properPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
(and
(part ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
(not
(part ?OBJ2 ?OBJ1))))
If mixture ¬O ²V¦Xª« ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ¯Âª«½è pure1,¯Âª«½è pure2 so that pure1 µ¥©ó pure2 and pure1 ¬O mixture ªº ¤@¤p³¡¤À and pure2 ¬O mixture ªº ¤@¤p³¡¤À.
(=>
(instance ?MIXTURE Mixture)
(exists
(?PURE1 ?PURE2)
(and
(subclass ?PURE1 PureSubstance)
(subclass ?PURE2 PureSubstance)
(not
(equal ?PURE1 ?PURE2))
(piece ?PURE1 ?MIXTURE)
(piece ?PURE2 ?MIXTURE))))
If obj ¬O ½ÆÂøÅé/«D³æ½èÅé ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ª«½è substance1,ª«½è substance2 so that substance1 ¬O ¥Ñ obj ²Õ¦¨ and substance2 ¬O ¥Ñ obj ²Õ¦¨ and substance1 µ¥©ó substance2.
(=>
(instance ?OBJ CorpuscularObject)
(exists
(?SUBSTANCE1 ?SUBSTANCE2)
(and
(subclass ?SUBSTANCE1 Substance)
(subclass ?SUBSTANCE2 Substance)
(material ?SUBSTANCE1 ?OBJ)
(material ?SUBSTANCE2 ?OBJ)
(not
(equal ?SUBSTANCE1 ?SUBSTANCE2)))))
If lang ¬O °Êª«»y¨¥ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and proc ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and lang ¹ï proc ¬O ¤u¨ã, then agent ¬O °Êª« ªº ¹ê¨Ò and agent ¬O ¤HÃþ ªº ¹ê¨Ò.
(=>
(and
(instance ?LANG AnimalLanguage)
(agent ?PROC ?AGENT)
(instrument ?PROC ?LANG))
(and
(instance ?AGENT Animal)
(not
(instance ?AGENT Human))))
If process ¬O Âù¨ü¨Æ¾úµ{ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist obj1,obj2 so that obj1 ¬O process ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and obj2 ¬O process ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and obj1 µ¥©ó obj2.
(=>
(instance ?PROCESS DualObjectProcess)
(exists
(?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
(and
(patient ?PROCESS ?OBJ1)
(patient ?PROCESS ?OBJ2)
(not
(equal ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)))))
abs ¬O ©â¶Hªº ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if there doesn't exist point so that abs ¦ì©ó point or abs (¤£) ¦s¦bs point ´Á¶¡.
(<=>
(instance ?ABS Abstract)
(not
(exists
(?POINT)
(or
(located ?ABS ?POINT)
(time ?ABS ?POINT)))))
If rel ¬O ¤G¤¸Ãö«Y ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there don't exist item1,item2,item3, so that rel(item1,item2,item3,) (¤£) ¦¨¥ßs.
(=>
(instance ?REL BinaryRelation)
(not
(exists
(?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 @ROW)
(holds ?REL ?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 @ROW))))
If rel ¬O «D¤Ï¨Ãö«Y ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then for all inst holds: rel(inst,inst) not(¤£) ¦¨¥ß.
(=>
(instance ?REL IrreflexiveRelation)
(forall
(?INST)
(not
(holds ?REL ?INST ?INST))))
- if rel ¬O «D¥i»¼Ãö«Y ªº ¹ê¨Ò,
- then for all inst1,inst2,inst3 holds: if rel(inst1,inst2) (¤£) ¦¨¥ßs and rel(inst2,inst3) (¤£) ¦¨¥ßs, then rel(inst1,inst3) not(¤£) ¦¨¥ß
.
(=>
(instance ?REL IntransitiveRelation)
(forall
(?INST1 ?INST2 ?INST3)
(=>
(and
(holds ?REL ?INST1 ?INST2)
(holds ?REL ?INST2 ?INST3))
(not
(holds ?REL ?INST1 ?INST3)))))
If rel ¬O ¤T¤¸Ãö«Y ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there don't exist item1,item2,item3,item4, so that rel(item1,item2,item3,item4,) (¤£) ¦¨¥ßs.
(=>
(instance ?REL TernaryRelation)
(not
(exists
(?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 ?ITEM4 @ROW)
(holds ?REL ?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 ?ITEM4 @ROW))))
If rel ¬O ¥|¤¸Ãö«Y ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there don't exist item1,item2,item3,item4,item5, so that rel(item1,item2,item3,item4,item5,) (¤£) ¦¨¥ßs.
(=>
(instance ?REL QuaternaryRelation)
(not
(exists
(?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 ?ITEM4 ?ITEM5 @ROW)
(holds ?REL ?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 ?ITEM4 ?ITEM5 @ROW))))
If rel ¬O ¤¤¸Ãö«Y ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there don't exist item1,item2,item3,item4,item5,item6, so that rel(item1,item2,item3,item4,item5,item6,) (¤£) ¦¨¥ßs.
(=>
(instance ?REL QuintaryRelation)
(not
(exists
(?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 ?ITEM4 ?ITEM5 ?ITEM6 @ROW)
(holds ?REL ?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 ?ITEM4 ?ITEM5 ?ITEM6 @ROW))))
- if list ¬O §Ç¦C ªº ¹ê¨Ò,
- then there exists number1 so that there exists item1 so that "list ªº ²Ä¤G ¤¸¯À" µ¥©ó item1 and for all number2 holds: if number2 ¬O ¥¿¾ã¼Æ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and number2 ¤p©ó number1, then there exists item2 so that "list ªº ²Ä¤G ¤¸¯À" µ¥©ó item2
.
(=>
(instance ?LIST List)
(exists
(?NUMBER1)
(exists
(?ITEM1)
(and
(not
(equal
(ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER1)
?ITEM1))
(forall
(?NUMBER2)
(=>
(and
(instance ?NUMBER2 PositiveInteger)
(lessThan ?NUMBER2 ?NUMBER1))
(exists
(?ITEM2)
(equal
(ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER2)
?ITEM2))))))))
list µ¥©ó ªÅ¦C if and only if there doesn't exist item so that item ¬O list ªº ¤@ ¦¨û.
(<=>
(equal ?LIST NullList)
(not
(exists
(?ITEM)
(inList ?ITEM ?LIST))))
- if class µL¥æ¶°¦a ¤À¸Ñ¦¨ ,
- then for all item1,item2 holds: if item1 ¬O "()" ªº ¤@ ¦¨û and item2 ¬O "()" ªº ¤@ ¦¨û and item1 µ¥©ó item2, then item1 µL¥æ¶° ©ó item2
.
(=>
(disjointDecomposition ?CLASS @ROW)
(forall
(?ITEM1 ?ITEM2)
(=>
(and
(inList
?ITEM1
(ListFn @ROW))
(inList
?ITEM2
(ListFn @ROW))
(not
(equal ?ITEM1 ?ITEM2)))
(disjoint ?ITEM1 ?ITEM2))))
- if fun ¬O ¤@¹ï¤@¨ç¼Æ ªº ¹ê¨Ò,
- then for all arg1,arg2 holds: if fun ªº ½×¤¸ ¬O class ªº ¹ê¨Ò and arg1 ¬O class ªº ¹ê¨Ò and arg2 ¬O class ªº ¹ê¨Ò and arg1 µ¥©ó arg2, then "fun(arg1)" µ¥©ó "fun(arg2)"
.
(=>
(instance ?FUN OneToOneFunction)
(forall
(?ARG1 ?ARG2)
(=>
(and
(domain ?FUN 1 ?CLASS)
(instance ?ARG1 ?CLASS)
(instance ?ARG2 ?CLASS)
(not
(equal ?ARG1 ?ARG2)))
(not
(equal
(AssignmentFn ?FUN ?ARG1)
(AssignmentFn ?FUN ?ARG2))))))
If rel ¬O Åܲ§¤¸¼ÆÃö«Y ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there doesn't exist int so that rel %&¦³ ½×¤¸(s) int.
(=>
(instance ?REL VariableArityRelation)
(not
(exists
(?INT)
(valence ?REL ?INT))))
- if relation «D¤Ï®g©ó class ,
- then for all inst holds: if inst ¬O class ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then relation(inst,inst) not(¤£) ¦¨¥ß
.
(=>
(irreflexiveOn ?RELATION ?CLASS)
(forall
(?INST)
(=>
(instance ?INST ?CLASS)
(not
(holds ?RELATION ?INST ?INST)))))
If situation timea(¤§¤¤) time, then situation (¨S) ¬°¯u timea(¤§¤¤) time.
(=>
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(not ?SITUATION))
(not
(holdsDuring ?TIME ?SITUATION)))
If obj ºë½T¦ì©ó region, then there doesn't exist otherobj so that otherobj ºë½T¦ì©ó region and otherobj µ¥©ó obj.
(=>
(exactlyLocated ?OBJ ?REGION)
(not
(exists
(?OTHEROBJ)
(and
(exactlyLocated ?OTHEROBJ ?REGION)
(not
(equal ?OTHEROBJ ?OBJ))))))
- if proc1 Á×§K proc2 ªº µo¥Í,
- then for all time,place holds: if there exists proc1 inst1 so that inst1 ¦ì©ó place timea(¤§¤¤) time, then there exists proc2 inst2 so that inst2 ¦ì©ó place timea(¤§¤¤) time
.
(=>
(prevents ?PROC1 ?PROC2)
(forall
(?TIME ?PLACE)
(=>
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(exists
(?INST1)
(and
(instance ?INST1 ?PROC1)
(located ?INST1 ?PLACE))))
(not
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(exists
(?INST2)
(and
(instance ?INST2 ?PROC2)
(located ?INST2 ?PLACE))))))))
If "number ªº ¤W" µ¥©ó int, then there doesn't exist ¾ã¼Æ otherint so that otherint ¤j©ó©Îµ¥©ó number and otherint ¤p©ó int.
(=>
(equal
(CeilingFn ?NUMBER)
?INT)
(not
(exists
(?OTHERINT)
(and
(instance ?OTHERINT Integer)
(greaterThanOrEqualTo ?OTHERINT ?NUMBER)
(lessThan ?OTHERINT ?INT)))))
If "³Ì¤j ¾ã¼Æ ¤p©ó ©Î µ¥©ó number" µ¥©ó int, then there doesn't exist ¾ã¼Æ otherint so that otherint ¤p©ó©Îµ¥©ó number and otherint (¤£) ¤j©ó int.
(=>
(equal
(FloorFn ?NUMBER)
?INT)
(not
(exists
(?OTHERINT)
(and
(instance ?OTHERINT Integer)
(lessThanOrEqualTo ?OTHERINT ?NUMBER)
(greaterThan ?OTHERINT ?INT)))))
- if " ªº ³Ì¤j¤½¬ù¼Æ" µ¥©ó number,
- then there doesn't exist greater so that greater (¤£) ¤j©ó number and for all element holds: if element ¬O "()" ªº ¤@ ¦¨û, then "element ¨ú¾l¼Æ greater" µ¥©ó
.
(=>
(equal
(GreatestCommonDivisorFn @ROW)
?NUMBER)
(not
(exists
(?GREATER)
(and
(greaterThan ?GREATER ?NUMBER)
(forall
(?ELEMENT)
(=>
(inList
?ELEMENT
(ListFn @ROW))
(equal
(RemainderFn ?ELEMENT ?GREATER)
0)))))))
- if " ªº ³Ì¤p¤½¿¼Æ" µ¥©ó number,
- then there doesn't exist less so that less ¤p©ó number and for all element holds: if element ¬O "()" ªº ¤@ ¦¨û, then "less ¨ú¾l¼Æ element" µ¥©ó
.
(=>
(equal
(LeastCommonMultipleFn @ROW)
?NUMBER)
(not
(exists
(?LESS)
(and
(lessThan ?LESS ?NUMBER)
(forall
(?ELEMENT)
(=>
(inList
?ELEMENT
(ListFn @ROW))
(equal
(RemainderFn ?LESS ?ELEMENT)
0)))))))
If int1 ¬O ¾ã¼Æ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and int2 ¬O ¾ã¼Æ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then int1 ¤p©ó int2 or int2 ¤p©ó "(int1+1)".
(=>
(and
(instance ?INT1 Integer)
(instance ?INT2 Integer))
(not
(and
(lessThan ?INT1 ?INT2)
(lessThan
?INT2
(SuccessorFn ?INT1)))))
If int1 ¬O ¾ã¼Æ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and int2 ¬O ¾ã¼Æ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then int2 ¤p©ó int1 or "(int1+2)" ¤p©ó int2.
(=>
(and
(instance ?INT1 Integer)
(instance ?INT2 Integer))
(not
(and
(lessThan ?INT2 ?INT1)
(lessThan
(PredecessorFn ?INT1)
?INT2))))
There doesn't exist element so that element ¬O ªÅ¶°¦X ªº ¤¸¯À.
(not
(exists
(?ELEMENT)
(element ?ELEMENT NullSet)))
- if class ¬O ¤¬¥¸Ãþ ªº ¹ê¨Ò,
- then for all inst1,inst2 holds: if inst1 ¬O class ªº ¹ê¨Ò and inst2 ¬O inst1 ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists class inst3 so that inst2 ¬O inst3 ªº ¹ê¨Ò
.
(=>
(instance ?CLASS MutuallyDisjointClass)
(forall
(?INST1 ?INST2)
(=>
(and
(instance ?INST1 ?CLASS)
(instance ?INST2 ?INST1))
(exists
(?INST3)
(and
(instance ?INST3 ?CLASS)
(not
(instance ?INST2 ?INST3)))))))
If graph ¬O ¹Ï ªº ¹ê¨Ò and node1 ¬O ¹Ï¸`ÂI ªº ¹ê¨Ò and node2 ¬O ¹Ï¸`ÂI ªº ¹ê¨Ò and node1 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and node2 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and node1 µ¥©ó node2, then there exist arc,path so that - arc (¨S) ³sµ²not(s) node1 ©M node2
or .
(=>
(and
(instance ?GRAPH Graph)
(instance ?NODE1 GraphNode)
(instance ?NODE2 GraphNode)
(graphPart ?NODE1 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?NODE2 ?GRAPH)
(not
(equal ?NODE1 ?NODE2)))
(exists
(?ARC ?PATH)
(or
(links ?NODE1 ?NODE2 ?ARC)
(and
(subGraph ?PATH ?GRAPH)
(instance ?PATH GraphPath)
(or
(and
(equal
(BeginNodeFn ?PATH)
?NODE1)
(equal
(EndNodeFn ?PATH)
?NODE2))
(and
(equal
(BeginNodeFn ?PATH)
?NODE2)
(equal
(EndNodeFn ?PATH)
?NODE1)))))))
If graph ¬O ¹Ï ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist node1,node2,node3,arc1,arc2 so that node1 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and node2 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and node3 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and arc1 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and arc2 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and node2 (¨S) ³sµ²not(s) arc1 ©M node1 and node3 (¨S) ³sµ²not(s) arc2 ©M node2 and node1 µ¥©ó node2 and node2 µ¥©ó node3 and node1 µ¥©ó node3 and arc1 µ¥©ó arc2.
(=>
(instance ?GRAPH Graph)
(exists
(?NODE1 ?NODE2 ?NODE3 ?ARC1 ?ARC2)
(and
(graphPart ?NODE1 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?NODE2 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?NODE3 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?ARC1 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?ARC2 ?GRAPH)
(links ?ARC1 ?NODE1 ?NODE2)
(links ?ARC2 ?NODE2 ?NODE3)
(not
(equal ?NODE1 ?NODE2))
(not
(equal ?NODE2 ?NODE3))
(not
(equal ?NODE1 ?NODE3))
(not
(equal ?ARC1 ?ARC2)))))
If graph ¬O ¾ðª¬¹Ï ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there doesn't exist ¹Ï°j°é loop so that loop ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À.
(=>
(instance ?GRAPH Tree)
(not
(exists
(?LOOP)
(and
(instance ?LOOP GraphLoop)
(graphPart ?LOOP ?GRAPH)))))
- if graph ¬O ¹Ï¸ô®| ªº ¹ê¨Ò and arc ¬O ¹Ï©·½u ªº ¹ê¨Ò and arc ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À,
- then if "arc ªº °_©l¸`ÂI" µ¥©ó node, then there doesn't exist other so that "other ªº °_©l¸`ÂI" µ¥©ó node and other µ¥©ó arc
.
(=>
(and
(instance ?GRAPH GraphPath)
(instance ?ARC GraphArc)
(graphPart ?ARC ?GRAPH))
(=>
(equal
(InitialNodeFn ?ARC)
?NODE)
(not
(exists
(?OTHER)
(and
(equal
(InitialNodeFn ?OTHER)
?NODE)
(not
(equal ?OTHER ?ARC)))))))
(=>
(and
(instance ?GRAPH GraphPath)
(instance ?ARC GraphArc)
(graphPart ?ARC ?GRAPH))
(=>
(equal
(TerminalNodeFn ?ARC)
?NODE)
(not
(exists
(?OTHER)
(and
(equal
(TerminalNodeFn ?OTHER)
?NODE)
(not
(equal ?OTHER ?ARC)))))))
graph ¬O ¦h¹Ï ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if there exist arc1,arc2,node1,node2 so that arc1 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and arc2 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and node1 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and node2 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and arc1 (¨S) ³sµ²not(s) node1 ©M node2 and arc2 (¨S) ³sµ²not(s) node1 ©M node2 and arc1 µ¥©ó arc2.
(<=>
(instance ?GRAPH MultiGraph)
(exists
(?ARC1 ?ARC2 ?NODE1 ?NODE2)
(and
(graphPart ?ARC1 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?ARC2 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?NODE1 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?NODE2 ?GRAPH)
(links ?NODE1 ?NODE2 ?ARC1)
(links ?NODE1 ?NODE2 ?ARC2)
(not
(equal ?ARC1 ?ARC2)))))
If path ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and graph ¬O ¦³¦V¹Ï ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then "node1 ©M node2 ¶¡ ¶°¦X¸ô®|" µ¥©ó path if and only if "node2 ©M node1 ¶¡ ¶°¦X¸ô®|" µ¥©ó path.
(=>
(and
(graphPart ?PATH ?GRAPH)
(not
(instance ?GRAPH DirectedGraph)))
(<=>
(equal
(GraphPathFn ?NODE1 ?NODE2)
?PATH)
(equal
(GraphPathFn ?NODE2 ?NODE1)
?PATH)))
There don't exist ¹º¤À graph ¬° ¨â ¿W¥ß ¹Ïªí ªº ¬Û¥æ¸ô®| path1,¹º¤À graph ¬° ¨â ¿W¥ß ¹Ïªí ªº ³Ì¤p¬Û¥æ¸ô®| path2 so that path1 ªº ¸ô®|ªø ¬O number1 and path2 ªº ¸ô®|ªø ¬O number2 and number1 ¤p©ó number2.
(not
(exists
(?PATH1 ?PATH2)
(and
(instance
?PATH1
(CutSetFn ?GRAPH))
(instance
?PATH2
(MinimalCutSetFn ?GRAPH))
(pathLength ?PATH1 ?NUMBER1)
(pathLength ?PATH2 ?NUMBER2)
(lessThan ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2))))
If point ¬O ®ÉÂI ªº ¹ê¨Ò and point µ¥©ó ®É¶¡²×ÂI/¥Ã»·, then point (¨S) µo¥Í?{s} ¦b ®É¶¡²×ÂI/¥Ã»· ¤§«e.
(=>
(and
(instance ?POINT TimePoint)
(not
(equal ?POINT PositiveInfinity)))
(before ?POINT PositiveInfinity))
If point ¬O ®ÉÂI ªº ¹ê¨Ò and point µ¥©ó ®É¶¡²×ÂI/¥Ã»·, then there exists otherpoint so that otherpoint ¦b point ©M ®É¶¡²×ÂI/¥Ã»· ¤§¶¡ .
(=>
(and
(instance ?POINT TimePoint)
(not
(equal ?POINT PositiveInfinity)))
(exists
(?OTHERPOINT)
(temporallyBetween ?POINT ?OTHERPOINT PositiveInfinity)))
If point ¬O ®ÉÂI ªº ¹ê¨Ò and point µ¥©ó ®É¶¡°_ÂI/¥å¥j, then ®É¶¡°_ÂI/¥å¥j (¨S) µo¥Í?{s} ¦b point ¤§«e.
(=>
(and
(instance ?POINT TimePoint)
(not
(equal ?POINT NegativeInfinity)))
(before NegativeInfinity ?POINT))
If point ¬O ®ÉÂI ªº ¹ê¨Ò and point µ¥©ó ®É¶¡°_ÂI/¥å¥j, then there exists otherpoint so that otherpoint ¦b ®É¶¡°_ÂI/¥å¥j ©M point ¤§¶¡ .
(=>
(and
(instance ?POINT TimePoint)
(not
(equal ?POINT NegativeInfinity)))
(exists
(?OTHERPOINT)
(temporallyBetween NegativeInfinity ?OTHERPOINT ?POINT)))
- if "interval ªº ¶}©l" µ¥©ó point,
- then for all otherpoint holds: if otherpoint ¬O interval ªº ³¡¤À and otherpoint µ¥©ó point, then point (¨S) µo¥Í?{s} ¦b otherpoint ¤§«e
.
(=>
(equal
(BeginFn ?INTERVAL)
?POINT)
(forall
(?OTHERPOINT)
(=>
(and
(temporalPart ?OTHERPOINT ?INTERVAL)
(not
(equal ?OTHERPOINT ?POINT)))
(before ?POINT ?OTHERPOINT))))
- if "interval ªº µ²§ô" µ¥©ó point,
- then for all otherpoint holds: if otherpoint ¬O interval ªº ³¡¤À and otherpoint µ¥©ó point, then otherpoint (¨S) µo¥Í?{s} ¦b point ¤§«e
.
(=>
(equal
(EndFn ?INTERVAL)
?POINT)
(forall
(?OTHERPOINT)
(=>
(and
(temporalPart ?OTHERPOINT ?INTERVAL)
(not
(equal ?OTHERPOINT ?POINT)))
(before ?OTHERPOINT ?POINT))))
- if obj ¬O proc ªº µ²ªG,
- then for all time holds: if time (¨S) µo¥Í?{s} ¦b ""proc ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ªº ¶}©l" ¤§«e, then obj not(¤£) ¦s¦b time ´Á¶¡
.
(=>
(result ?PROC ?OBJ)
(forall
(?TIME)
(=>
(before
?TIME
(BeginFn
(WhenFn ?PROC)))
(not
(time ?OBJ ?TIME)))))
If leap ¬O ¶|¦~ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and leap µ¥©ó "number ¦~(s)", then
(=>
(and
(instance ?LEAP LeapYear)
(equal
?LEAP
(MeasureFn ?NUMBER Year)))
(or
(and
(equal
(RemainderFn ?NUMBER 4)
0)
(not
(equal
(RemainderFn ?NUMBER 100)
0)))
(equal
(RemainderFn ?NUMBER 400)
0)))
If "¤ë¥÷ ¤G¤ë" µ¥©ó month and year ¬O ¶|¦~ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then month ªº «ùÄò ¬O " ¤ép(s)".
(=>
(and
(equal
(MonthFn February ?YEAR)
?MONTH)
(not
(instance ?YEAR LeapYear)))
(duration
?MONTH
(MeasureFn 28 DayDuration)))
- if "interval ¤À¸Ñ¦¨ ? interval-types" µ¥©ó class,
- then for all time1,time2 holds: if time1 ¬O class ªº ¹ê¨Ò and time2 ¬O class ªº ¹ê¨Ò and time1 µ¥©ó time2, then time1 (¨S) ¬Û±µs time2 or time2 (¨S) ¬Û±µs time1 or time1 (¨S) ¤ñ time2 ¸û¦ µo¥Ínot(s) or time2 (¨S) ¤ñ time1 ¸û¦ µo¥Ínot(s)
.
(=>
(equal
(TemporalCompositionFn ?INTERVAL ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
?CLASS)
(forall
(?TIME1 ?TIME2)
(=>
(and
(instance ?TIME1 ?CLASS)
(instance ?TIME2 ?CLASS)
(not
(equal ?TIME1 ?TIME2)))
(or
(meetsTemporally ?TIME1 ?TIME2)
(meetsTemporally ?TIME2 ?TIME1)
(earlier ?TIME1 ?TIME2)
(earlier ?TIME2 ?TIME1)))))
- if "interval ¤À¸Ñ¦¨ ? interval-types" µ¥©ó class,
- then for all time1 holds: if time1 ¬O class ªº ¹ê¨Ò and time1 not(¨S) §¹¦¨ interval, then there exists class time2 so that time1 (¨S) ¬Û±µs time2
.
(=>
(equal
(TemporalCompositionFn ?INTERVAL ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
?CLASS)
(forall
(?TIME1)
(=>
(and
(instance ?TIME1 ?CLASS)
(not
(finishes ?TIME1 ?INTERVAL)))
(exists
(?TIME2)
(and
(instance ?TIME2 ?CLASS)
(meetsTemporally ?TIME1 ?TIME2))))))
- if "interval ¤À¸Ñ¦¨ ? interval-types" µ¥©ó class,
- then for all time1 holds: if time1 ¬O class ªº ¹ê¨Ò and time1 not(¨S) ¶}©l interval, then there exists class time2 so that time2 (¨S) ¬Û±µs time1
.
(=>
(equal
(TemporalCompositionFn ?INTERVAL ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
?CLASS)
(forall
(?TIME1)
(=>
(and
(instance ?TIME1 ?CLASS)
(not
(starts ?TIME1 ?INTERVAL)))
(exists
(?TIME2)
(and
(instance ?TIME2 ?CLASS)
(meetsTemporally ?TIME2 ?TIME1))))))
obj1 ³sµ² obj2 ©M obj3 if and only if obj1 »P obj2 ¬Û³s and obj1 »P obj3 ¬Û³s and obj2 »P obj3 ¬Û³s.
(<=>
(connects ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3)
(and
(connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
(connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ3)
(not
(connected ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3))))
If obj1 ¬O collªº ¦¨û and obj2 ¬O collªº ¦¨û and obj1 µ¥©ó obj2, then obj1 not(¨S) »P obj2 «Å|.
(=>
(and
(member ?OBJ1 ?COLL)
(member ?OBJ2 ?COLL)
(not
(equal ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)))
(not
(overlapsSpatially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)))
obj1 (¨S) »P obj2 ³¡¤À «Å|s if and only if - obj1 ¬O obj2 ªº ³¡¤À)
and - obj2 ¬O obj1 ªº ³¡¤À)
and - there exists obj3 so that obj3 ¬O obj1 ªº ³¡¤À) and obj3 ¬O obj2 ªº ³¡¤À)
.
(<=>
(overlapsPartially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
(and
(not
(part ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))
(not
(part ?OBJ2 ?OBJ1))
(exists
(?OBJ3)
(and
(part ?OBJ3 ?OBJ1)
(part ?OBJ3 ?OBJ2)))))
If obj1 ¬O obj2ªº ¥~ªí³¡¤À, then obj1 ¬O obj2 ªº ¤@ ¤º³¡ and there doesn't exist obj3 so that obj3 ¬O obj1 ªº ¤@ ¤º³¡.
(=>
(superficialPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
(and
(not
(interiorPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))
(not
(exists
(?OBJ3)
(interiorPart ?OBJ3 ?OBJ1)))))
- if obj1 ¬O obj2 ªº ¤@ ¤º³¡,
- then for all part holds: if part ¬O obj2ªº ¥~ªí³¡¤À, then obj1 not(¨S) »P part «Å|
.
(=>
(interiorPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
(forall
(?PART)
(=>
(superficialPart ?PART ?OBJ2)
(not
(overlapsSpatially ?OBJ1 ?PART)))))
If object ªº ©³³¡ ¬O bottom and part ¬O object ªº ³¡¤À) and part »P bottom ¬Û³s, then part ¹ï bottom ¬O ¦b...¤§¤W.
(=>
(and
(bottom ?BOTTOM ?OBJECT)
(part ?PART ?OBJECT)
(not
(connected ?PART ?BOTTOM)))
(orientation ?PART ?BOTTOM Above))
If object ªº ³»ºÝ ¬O top and part ¬O object ªº ³¡¤À) and part »P top ¬Û³s, then part ¹ï top ¬O ¦b...¤§¤U.
(=>
(and
(top ?TOP ?OBJECT)
(part ?PART ?OBJECT)
(not
(connected ?PART ?TOP)))
(orientation ?PART ?TOP Below))
If object ªº °¼± ¬O side and part ¬O object ªº ³¡¤À) and part »P side ¬Û³s, then there exists direct so that side ¹ï part ¬O direct.
(=>
(and
(side ?SIDE ?OBJECT)
(part ?PART ?OBJECT)
(not
(connected ?PART ?SIDE)))
(exists
(?DIRECT)
(orientation ?SIDE ?PART ?DIRECT)))
If obj3 µ¥©ó "obj1 ©M obj2 ªº ®t²§", then for all part holds: part ¬O obj3 ªº ³¡¤À) if and only if part ¬O obj1 ªº ³¡¤À) and part ¬O obj2 ªº ³¡¤À).
(=>
(equal
?OBJ3
(MereologicalDifferenceFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))
(forall
(?PART)
(<=>
(part ?PART ?OBJ3)
(and
(part ?PART ?OBJ1)
(not
(part ?PART ?OBJ2))))))
If hole ¦b obj ¬O ¬}, then obj ¬O ¬} ªº ¹ê¨Ò.
(=>
(hole ?HOLE ?OBJ)
(not
(instance ?OBJ Hole)))
If hole ¦b obj ¬O ¬}, then hole not(¨S) »P obj «Å|.
(=>
(hole ?HOLE ?OBJ)
(not
(overlapsSpatially ?HOLE ?OBJ)))
If hole1 ¬O ¬} ªº ¹ê¨Ò and hole2 ¬O hole1 ªº ¥¿³¡¤À, then there exists obj so that hole1 (¨S) ±µÄ²s obj and hole2 not(¨S) ±µÄ² obj.
(=>
(and
(instance ?HOLE1 Hole)
(properPart ?HOLE2 ?HOLE1))
(exists
(?OBJ)
(and
(meetsSpatially ?HOLE1 ?OBJ)
(not
(meetsSpatially ?HOLE2 ?OBJ)))))
If obj1 (¨S) ¶ñ¥Rs hole and ¥i¶ñ¥Rªº ¬O obj2 ªº ÄÝ©Ê, then obj1 not(¨S) »P obj2 «Å|.
(=>
(and
(fills ?OBJ1 ?HOLE)
(attribute ?OBJ2 Fillable))
(not
(overlapsSpatially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)))
If rep ¬O ¦³©Ê¥Í´Þ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and organism ¬O rep ªº µ²ªG, then there don't exist mother,father so that mother ¬O organism ªº ¥À¿Ë and father ¬O organism ªº ¤÷¿Ë.
(=>
(and
(instance ?REP SexualReproduction)
(result ?REP ?ORGANISM))
(not
(exists
(?MOTHER ?FATHER)
(and
(mother ?ORGANISM ?MOTHER)
(father ?ORGANISM ?FATHER)))))
If rep ¬O µL©Ê¥Í´Þ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and organism ¬O rep ªº µ²ªG, then there don't exist parent1,parent2 so that parent1 ¬O organism ªº Âù¿Ë and parent2 ¬O organism ªº Âù¿Ë and parent1 µ¥©ó parent2.
(=>
(and
(instance ?REP AsexualReproduction)
(result ?REP ?ORGANISM))
(not
(exists
(?PARENT1 ?PARENT2)
(and
(parent ?ORGANISM ?PARENT1)
(parent ?ORGANISM ?PARENT2)
(not
(equal ?PARENT1 ?PARENT2))))))
If leave ¬O ²æÂ÷²Õ´ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and org ¬O ²Õ´ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and leave ¬O org ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and person ¬O leave ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then person ¬O orgªº ¦¨û ""leave ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "leave ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á.
(=>
(and
(instance ?LEAVE LeavingAnOrganization)
(instance ?ORG Organization)
(agent ?LEAVE ?ORG)
(patient ?LEAVE ?PERSON))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?LEAVE))
(not
(member ?PERSON ?ORG))))
If fire ¬O ¸Ñ¹µ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and org ¬O ²Õ´ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and fire ¬O org ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and person ¬O fire ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then org not(¨S) ¶±¥Î(s) person ""fire ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "fire ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á.
(=>
(and
(instance ?FIRE TerminatingEmployment)
(instance ?ORG Organization)
(agent ?FIRE ?ORG)
(patient ?FIRE ?PERSON))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?FIRE))
(not
(employs ?ORG ?PERSON))))
- if
- path1 ¦ñÀH process µo¥Í ªº process¸ô®|
and - process (¤£) °_·½s ©ó source
and - process (¤£) ²×µ²not(s) dest
and - path1 ªº ªø«× ¬O measure1
and - there don't exist path2,measure2 so that path2 ¦ñÀH process µo¥Í ªº process¸ô®| and process (¤£) °_·½s ©ó origin and process (¤£) ²×µ²not(s) dest and path2 ªº ªø«× ¬O measure2 and measure2 ¤p©ó measure1
, - then for all obj holds: if obj ¬O path1 ªº ³¡¤À), then obj ¤¶©ó source ©M dest ¤¤¶¡
.
(=>
(and
(path ?PROCESS ?PATH1)
(origin ?PROCESS ?SOURCE)
(destination ?PROCESS ?DEST)
(length ?PATH1 ?MEASURE1)
(not
(exists
(?PATH2 ?MEASURE2)
(and
(path ?PROCESS ?PATH2)
(origin ?PROCESS ?ORIGIN)
(destination ?PROCESS ?DEST)
(length ?PATH2 ?MEASURE2)
(lessThan ?MEASURE2 ?MEASURE1)))))
(forall
(?OBJ)
(=>
(part ?OBJ ?PATH1)
(between ?SOURCE ?OBJ ?DEST))))
If proc ¬O ¤è¦Vªº§ïÅÜ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¤è¦VÄÝ©Ê attr so that
(=>
(instance ?PROC DirectionChange)
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR DirectionalAttribute)
(or
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?PROC))
(manner ?PROC ?ATTR))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?PROC))
(not
(manner ?PROC ?ATTR))))
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?PROC))
(manner ?PROC ?ATTR))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?PROC))
(not
(manner ?PROC ?ATTR))))))))
If transfer ¬O Âಾ©ÎÂà´« ªº ¹ê¨Ò and transfer ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and patient ¬O transfer ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then agent µ¥©ó patient.
(=>
(and
(instance ?TRANSFER Transfer)
(agent ?TRANSFER ?AGENT)
(patient ?TRANSFER ?PATIENT))
(not
(equal ?AGENT ?PATIENT)))
If remove ¬O ²¾°£ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and remove (¤£) °_·½s ©ó place and obj ¬O remove ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then obj ¦ì©ó place ""remove ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) "remove ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e and obj ¦ì©ó place ""remove ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "remove ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á.
(=>
(and
(instance ?REMOVE Removing)
(origin ?REMOVE ?PLACE)
(patient ?REMOVE ?OBJ))
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?REMOVE))
(located ?OBJ ?PLACE))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?REMOVE))
(not
(located ?OBJ ?PLACE)))))
If put ¬O ©ñ¸m ªº ¹ê¨Ò and put (¤£) ²×µ²not(s) place and obj ¬O put ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then obj ¦ì©ó place ""put ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) "put ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e and obj ¦ì©ó place ""put ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "put ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á.
(=>
(and
(instance ?PUT Putting)
(destination ?PUT ?PLACE)
(patient ?PUT ?OBJ))
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?PUT))
(not
(located ?OBJ ?PLACE)))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?PUT))
(located ?OBJ ?PLACE))))
If sub ¬O ´À´« ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ©ñ¸m put,²¾°£ remove,obj1,obj2,place so that put ¬O sub ªº ¦¸¾úµ{ and remove ¬O sub ªº ¦¸¾úµ{ and obj1 ¬O remove ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and remove (¤£) °_·½s ©ó place and obj2 ¬O put ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and put (¤£) ²×µ²not(s) place and obj1 µ¥©ó obj2.
(=>
(instance ?SUB Substituting)
(exists
(?PUT ?REMOVE ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?PLACE)
(and
(instance ?PUT Putting)
(instance ?REMOVE Removing)
(subProcess ?PUT ?SUB)
(subProcess ?REMOVE ?SUB)
(patient ?REMOVE ?OBJ1)
(origin ?REMOVE ?PLACE)
(patient ?PUT ?OBJ2)
(destination ?PUT ?PLACE)
(not
(equal ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)))))
If change ¬O ¾Ö¦³ÅvªºÂಾ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O change ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and agent1 (¨S) ¾Ö¦³not(s) obj ""change ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) "change ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e and agent2 (¨S) ¾Ö¦³not(s) obj ""change ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "change ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á, then agent1 µ¥©ó agent2.
(=>
(and
(instance ?CHANGE ChangeOfPossession)
(patient ?CHANGE ?OBJ)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?CHANGE))
(possesses ?AGENT1 ?OBJ))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?CHANGE))
(possesses ?AGENT2 ?OBJ)))
(not
(equal ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)))
If give ¬O ³æ¤è±ªºµ¹»P ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there doesn't exist ¥æ©ö trans so that give ¬O trans ªº ¦¸¾úµ{.
(=>
(instance ?GIVE UnilateralGiving)
(not
(exists
(?TRANS)
(and
(instance ?TRANS Transaction)
(subProcess ?GIVE ?TRANS)))))
If get ¬O ³æ¤è±ªºÀò¨ú ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there doesn't exist ¥æ©ö trans so that get ¬O trans ªº ¦¸¾úµ{.
(=>
(instance ?GET UnilateralGetting)
(not
(exists
(?TRANS)
(and
(instance ?TRANS Transaction)
(subProcess ?GET ?TRANS)))))
If trans ¬O ¥æ©ö ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist agent1,agent2,µ¹»P give1,µ¹»P give2,obj1,obj2 so that give1 ¬O trans ªº ¦¸¾úµ{ and give2 ¬O trans ªº ¦¸¾úµ{ and give1 ¬O agent1 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and give2 ¬O agent2 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and obj1 ¬O give1 ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and obj2 ¬O give2 ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and give1 (¤£) ²×µ²not(s) agent2 and give2 (¤£) ²×µ²not(s) agent1 and agent1 µ¥©ó agent2 and obj1 µ¥©ó obj2.
(=>
(instance ?TRANS Transaction)
(exists
(?AGENT1 ?AGENT2 ?GIVE1 ?GIVE2 ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
(and
(instance ?GIVE1 Giving)
(instance ?GIVE2 Giving)
(subProcess ?GIVE1 ?TRANS)
(subProcess ?GIVE2 ?TRANS)
(agent ?GIVE1 ?AGENT1)
(agent ?GIVE2 ?AGENT2)
(patient ?GIVE1 ?OBJ1)
(patient ?GIVE2 ?OBJ2)
(destination ?GIVE1 ?AGENT2)
(destination ?GIVE2 ?AGENT1)
(not
(equal ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2))
(not
(equal ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)))))
If confine ¬O ©w ªº ¹ê¨Ò and person ¬O confine ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then person not(¤£) ¾¬¨D(s) "person ¬O confine ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ".
(=>
(and
(instance ?CONFINE Confining)
(patient ?CONFINE ?PERSON))
(not
(desires
?PERSON
(patient ?CONFINE ?PERSON))))
process ¬O ·´·À ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if there exists patient so that patient ¬O process ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and patient (¤£) ¦s¦bs ""process ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e" ´Á¶¡ and patient not(¤£) ¦s¦b ""process ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á" ´Á¶¡.
(<=>
(instance ?PROCESS Destruction)
(exists
(?PATIENT)
(and
(patient ?PROCESS ?PATIENT)
(time
?PATIENT
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?PROCESS)))
(not
(time
?PATIENT
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?PROCESS)))))))
If attach ¬O ¶Kªþ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj1 ¬O attach ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and obj2 ¬O attach ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then obj1 »P obj2 ¬Û³s ""attach ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) "attach ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e and obj1 »P obj2 ¬Û³s ""attach ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "attach ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á.
(=>
(and
(instance ?ATTACH Attaching)
(patient ?ATTACH ?OBJ1)
(patient ?ATTACH ?OBJ2))
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?ATTACH))
(not
(connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?ATTACH))
(connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))))
If detach ¬O ²æÂ÷ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj1 ¬O detach ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and obj2 ¬O detach ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then obj1 »P obj2 ¬Û³s ""detach ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) "detach ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e and obj1 »P obj2 ¬Û³s ""detach ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "detach ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á.
(=>
(and
(instance ?DETACH Detaching)
(patient ?DETACH ?OBJ1)
(patient ?DETACH ?OBJ2))
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?DETACH))
(connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?DETACH))
(not
(connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)))))
combine ¬O µ²¦X ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj1 ¹ï combine ¬O ¸ê·½ and obj2 ¬O combine ªº µ²ªG if and only if obj1 ¬O obj2 ªº ³¡¤À) ""combine ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) "combine ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e and obj1 ¬O obj2 ªº ³¡¤À) ""combine ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "combine ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á.
(<=>
(and
(instance ?COMBINE Combining)
(resource ?COMBINE ?OBJ1)
(result ?COMBINE ?OBJ2))
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?COMBINE))
(not
(part ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?COMBINE))
(part ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))))
compound ¬O ¤Æ¦Xª« ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if there exist °ò¥»ª«½è element1,°ò¥»ª«½è element2,¤Æ¾Ç¦X¦¨ process so that element1 µ¥©ó element2 and element1 ¹ï process ¬O ¸ê·½ and element2 ¹ï process ¬O ¸ê·½ and compound ¬O process ªº µ²ªG.
(<=>
(instance ?COMPOUND CompoundSubstance)
(exists
(?ELEMENT1 ?ELEMENT2 ?PROCESS)
(and
(instance ?ELEMENT1 ElementalSubstance)
(instance ?ELEMENT2 ElementalSubstance)
(not
(equal ?ELEMENT1 ?ELEMENT2))
(instance ?PROCESS ChemicalSynthesis)
(resource ?PROCESS ?ELEMENT1)
(resource ?PROCESS ?ELEMENT2)
(result ?PROCESS ?COMPOUND))))
If change ¬O ¤º¦b§ïÅÜ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O change ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists property so that
(=>
(and
(instance ?CHANGE InternalChange)
(patient ?CHANGE ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PROPERTY)
(or
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?CHANGE))
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?CHANGE))
(not
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))))
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?CHANGE))
(not
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY)))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?CHANGE))
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))))))
If alt ¬O ªí±§ïÅÜ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O alt ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exist part,property so that part ¬O objªº ¥~ªí³¡¤À and property ¬O part ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""alt ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) "alt ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e and property ¬O part ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""alt ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "alt ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á.
(=>
(and
(instance ?ALT SurfaceChange)
(patient ?ALT ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PART ?PROPERTY)
(and
(superficialPart ?PART ?OBJ)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?ALT))
(attribute ?PART ?PROPERTY))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?ALT))
(not
(attribute ?PART ?PROPERTY))))))
If alt ¬O §Îª¬§ïÅÜ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O alt ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists §Îª¬ÄÝ©Ê property so that
(=>
(and
(instance ?ALT ShapeChange)
(patient ?ALT ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PROPERTY)
(and
(instance ?PROPERTY ShapeAttribute)
(or
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?ALT))
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?ALT))
(not
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))))
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?ALT))
(not
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY)))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?ALT))
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY)))))))
If coloring ¬O µÛ¦â ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O coloring ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists ÃC¦âÄÝ©Ê property so that property ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""coloring ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) "coloring ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e and property ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""coloring ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "coloring ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á.
(=>
(and
(instance ?COLORING Coloring)
(patient ?COLORING ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PROPERTY)
(and
(instance ?PROPERTY ColorAttribute)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?COLORING))
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?COLORING))
(not
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))))))
process ¬O ²£¥Í ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if there exists patient so that patient ¬O process ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and patient (¤£) ¦s¦bs ""process ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á" ´Á¶¡ and patient not(¤£) ¦s¦b ""process ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e" ´Á¶¡.
(<=>
(instance ?PROCESS Creation)
(exists
(?PATIENT)
(and
(patient ?PROCESS ?PATIENT)
(time
?PATIENT
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?PROCESS)))
(not
(time
?PATIENT
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?PROCESS)))))))
If pursue ¬O °l ªº ¹ê¨Ò and pursue ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and obj ¬O pursue ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then agent not(¨S) ¾Ö¦³(s) obj pursuea(¤§¤¤) pursue.
(=>
(and
(instance ?PURSUE Pursuing)
(agent ?PURSUE ?AGENT)
(patient ?PURSUE ?OBJ))
(holdsDuring
?PURSUE
(not
(possesses ?AGENT ?OBJ))))
If investigate ¬O ½Õ¬d ªº ¹ê¨Ò and investigate ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and prop ¬O investigate ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then agent not(¤£¡^ª¾¹D "investigate ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡"a(¤§¤¤) investigate ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡.
(=>
(and
(instance ?INVESTIGATE Investigating)
(agent ?INVESTIGATE ?AGENT)
(patient ?INVESTIGATE ?PROP))
(holdsDuring
(WhenFn ?INVESTIGATE)
(not
(knows ?AGENT ?PROP))))
If interaction ¬O ¤H»Ú¤¬°Ê ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist agent1,agent2 so that interaction ¬O agent1 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and interaction ¬O agent2 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and agent1 µ¥©ó agent2.
(=>
(instance ?INTERACTION SocialInteraction)
(exists
(?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)
(and
(agent ?INTERACTION ?AGENT1)
(agent ?INTERACTION ?AGENT2)
(not
(equal ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)))))
If disseminate ¬O ´²§G ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ¨ã»{ª¾¤O¬I¨ÆªÌ agent1,¨ã»{ª¾¤O¬I¨ÆªÌ agent2 so that disseminate (¤£) ²×µ²not(s) agent1 and disseminate (¤£) ²×µ²not(s) agent2 and agent1 µ¥©ó agent2.
(=>
(instance ?DISSEMINATE Disseminating)
(exists
(?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)
(and
(destination ?DISSEMINATE ?AGENT1)
(instance ?AGENT1 CognitiveAgent)
(destination ?DISSEMINATE ?AGENT2)
(instance ?AGENT2 CognitiveAgent)
(not
(equal ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)))))
If question ¬O ¸ß°Ý ªº ¹ê¨Ò and question ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and formula ¬O question ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and formula ¬O SUO-KIFªíz¦¡ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then agent not(¤£¡^ª¾¹D "question ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡"a(¤§¤¤) question ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡.
(=>
(and
(instance ?QUESTION Questioning)
(agent ?QUESTION ?AGENT)
(patient ?QUESTION ?FORMULA)
(instance ?FORMULA Formula))
(holdsDuring
(WhenFn ?QUESTION)
(not
(knows ?AGENT ?FORMULA))))
If contest ¬O Ävª§ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist agent1,agent2,purp1,purp2 so that contest ¬O agent1 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and contest ¬O agent2 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and contest ¹ïagent1 ¦³ ·N¹Ï purp1 and contest ¹ïagent2 ¦³ ·N¹Ï purp2 and agent1 µ¥©ó agent2 and purp1 µ¥©ó purp2.
(=>
(instance ?CONTEST Contest)
(exists
(?AGENT1 ?AGENT2 ?PURP1 ?PURP2)
(and
(agent ?CONTEST ?AGENT1)
(agent ?CONTEST ?AGENT2)
(hasPurposeForAgent ?CONTEST ?PURP1 ?AGENT1)
(hasPurposeForAgent ?CONTEST ?PURP2 ?AGENT2)
(not
(equal ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2))
(not
(equal ?PURP1 ?PURP2)))))
If process ¬O ª¬ºA§ïÅÜ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O process ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exist part,ª«²zª¬ºA state1,ª«²zª¬ºA state2 so that part ¬O obj ªº ³¡¤À) and state1 µ¥©ó state2 and state1 ¬O part ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""process ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) "process ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e and state2 ¬O part ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""freeze ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "freeze ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á.
(=>
(and
(instance ?PROCESS StateChange)
(patient ?PROCESS ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PART ?STATE1 ?STATE2)
(and
(part ?PART ?OBJ)
(instance ?STATE1 PhysicalState)
(instance ?STATE2 PhysicalState)
(not
(equal ?STATE1 ?STATE2))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?PROCESS))
(attribute ?PART ?STATE1))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?FREEZE))
(attribute ?PART ?STATE2)))))
If island ¬O ®qÀ¬ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there don't exist ³°¦a area,part1,part2 so that part1 ¬O island ªº ³¡¤À) and part2 ¬O area ªº ³¡¤À) and island ¬O area ªº ³¡¤À) and area ¬O island ªº ³¡¤À) and part1 »P part2 ¬Û³s.
(=>
(instance ?ISLAND Island)
(not
(exists
(?AREA ?PART1 ?PART2)
(and
(instance ?AREA LandArea)
(part ?PART1 ?ISLAND)
(part ?PART2 ?AREA)
(not
(part ?ISLAND ?AREA))
(not
(part ?AREA ?ISLAND))
(connected ?PART1 ?PART2)))))
If part ¬O ÂßÅ鳡¥ó ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there doesn't exist ¯f²z¾úµ{ proc so that part ¬O proc ªº µ²ªG.
(=>
(instance ?PART BodyPart)
(not
(exists
(?PROC)
(and
(instance ?PROC PathologicProcess)
(result ?PROC ?PART)))))
If junct ¬O ÂßÅé±µÂI ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ÂßÅ鳡¥ó struct1,ÂßÅ鳡¥ó struct2 so that junct »P struct1 ¬Û³s and junct »P struct2 ¬Û³s and struct1 µ¥©ó struct2.
(=>
(instance ?JUNCT BodyJunction)
(exists
(?STRUCT1 ?STRUCT2)
(and
(connected ?JUNCT ?STRUCT1)
(connected ?JUNCT ?STRUCT2)
(instance ?STRUCT1 BodyPart)
(instance ?STRUCT2 BodyPart)
(not
(equal ?STRUCT1 ?STRUCT2)))))
If morph ¬O µü¯À ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there doesn't exist µü¯À othermorph so that othermorph ¬O morph ªº ³¡¤À) and othermorph µ¥©ó morph.
(=>
(instance ?MORPH Morpheme)
(not
(exists
(?OTHERMORPH)
(and
(instance ?OTHERMORPH Morpheme)
(part ?OTHERMORPH ?MORPH)
(not
(equal ?OTHERMORPH ?MORPH))))))
If phrase ¬O µü²Õ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist µü part1,µü part2 so that part1 ¬O phrase ªº ³¡¤À) and part2 ¬O phrase ªº ³¡¤À) and part1 µ¥©ó part2.
(=>
(instance ?PHRASE Phrase)
(exists
(?PART1 ?PART2)
(and
(part ?PART1 ?PHRASE)
(part ?PART2 ?PHRASE)
(instance ?PART1 Word)
(instance ?PART2 Word)
(not
(equal ?PART1 ?PART2)))))
If series ¬O ¨t¦C¥Zª« ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ®ÑÄy book1,®ÑÄy book2 so that series ¥]®e book1 and series ¥]®e book2 and book1 µ¥©ó book2.
(=>
(instance ?SERIES Series)
(exists
(?BOOK1 ?BOOK2)
(and
(instance ?BOOK1 Book)
(instance ?BOOK2 Book)
(subsumesContentInstance ?SERIES ?BOOK1)
(subsumesContentInstance ?SERIES ?BOOK2)
(not
(equal ?BOOK1 ?BOOK2)))))
If mole ¬O ¤À¤l ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ì¤l atom1,ì¤l atom2 so that atom1 ¬O mole ªº ³¡¤À) and atom2 ¬O mole ªº ³¡¤À) and atom1 µ¥©ó atom2.
(=>
(instance ?MOLE Molecule)
(exists
(?ATOM1 ?ATOM2)
(and
(instance ?ATOM1 Atom)
(instance ?ATOM2 Atom)
(part ?ATOM1 ?MOLE)
(part ?ATOM2 ?MOLE)
(not
(equal ?ATOM1 ?ATOM2)))))
If comp1 »P comp2 ³sµ², then comp1 ¬O comp2 ªº ¤¸¥ó and comp2 ¬O comp1 ªº ¤¸¥ó.
(=>
(connectedEngineeringComponents ?COMP1 ?COMP2)
(and
(not
(engineeringSubcomponent ?COMP1 ?COMP2))
(not
(engineeringSubcomponent ?COMP2 ?COMP1))))
If comp1 »P comp2 ³sµ², then comp1 ¬O ¤uµ{³sµ²¤¸¥ó ªº ¹ê¨Ò and comp2 ¬O ¤uµ{³sµ²¤¸¥ó ªº ¹ê¨Ò.
(=>
(connectedEngineeringComponents ?COMP1 ?COMP2)
(not
(or
(instance ?COMP1 EngineeringConnection)
(instance ?COMP2 EngineeringConnection))))
If obj1 ¹ï obj2 ¬O attr1 and ¹ï¥ß©ó ? and attr1 ¬O "()" ªº ¤@ ¦¨û and attr2 ¬O "()" ªº ¤@ ¦¨û and attr1 µ¥©ó attr2, then obj1 ¹ï obj2 ¬O not attr2.
(=>
(and
(orientation ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?ATTR1)
(contraryAttribute @ROW)
(inList
?ATTR1
(ListFn @ROW))
(inList
?ATTR2
(ListFn @ROW))
(not
(equal ?ATTR1 ?ATTR2)))
(not
(orientation ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?ATTR2)))
If obj1 ¹ï obj2 ¬O attr1 and attr1 ¬O ¤è¦VÄÝ©Ê ªº ¹ê¨Ò and attr2 ¬O ¤è¦VÄÝ©Ê ªº ¹ê¨Ò and attr1 µ¥©ó attr2, then obj1 ¹ï obj2 ¬O not attr2.
(=>
(and
(orientation ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?ATTR1)
(instance ?ATTR1 DirectionalAttribute)
(instance ?ATTR2 DirectionalAttribute)
(not
(equal ?ATTR1 ?ATTR2)))
(not
(orientation ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?ATTR2)))
If obj1 ¹ï obj2 ¬O ¦b...¤§¤W, then obj1 »P obj2 ¬Û³s.
(=>
(orientation ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 Above)
(not
(connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)))
If obj1 ¹ï obj2 ¬O ±µªñ, then obj1 »P obj2 ¬Û³s.
(=>
(orientation ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 Near)
(not
(connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)))
If obj1 ¹ï obj2 ¬O ¦b...¤W, then obj2 ¹ï obj1 ¬O not ¦b...¤W.
(=>
(orientation ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 On)
(not
(orientation ?OBJ2 ?OBJ1 On)))
For all org holds: org not(¨S) ¶±¥Î(s) person and person ¬O ¤HÃþ ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if ¥¢·~ªº ¬O person ªº ÄÝ©Ê.
(<=>
(forall
(?ORG)
(and
(not
(employs ?ORG ?PERSON))
(instance ?PERSON Human)))
(attribute ?PERSON Unemployed))
³¯z formula ¦³ ¥²n©Ê ªº «¬ºA·N¸q if and only if ³¯z "formula" ¦³ ¥i¯à©Ê ªº «¬ºA·N¸q.
(<=>
(modalAttribute ?FORMULA Necessity)
(not
(modalAttribute
(not ?FORMULA)
Possibility)))
³¯z formula ¦³ ¸q°È ªº «¬ºA·N¸q if and only if ³¯z "formula" ¦³ ³\¥i ªº «¬ºA·N¸q.
(<=>
(modalAttribute ?FORMULA Obligation)
(not
(modalAttribute
(not ?FORMULA)
Permission)))
If ¦h±mªº ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê, then there exist part1,part2,ÃC¦âÄÝ©Ê color1,ÃC¦âÄÝ©Ê color2 so that part1 ¬O objªº ¥~ªí³¡¤À and part2 ¬O objªº ¥~ªí³¡¤À and color1 ¬O part1 ªº ÄÝ©Ê and color2 ¬O part2 ªº ÄÝ©Ê and color1 µ¥©ó color2.
(=>
(attribute ?OBJ Polychromatic)
(exists
(?PART1 ?PART2 ?COLOR1 ?COLOR2)
(and
(superficialPart ?PART1 ?OBJ)
(superficialPart ?PART2 ?OBJ)
(attribute ?PART1 ?COLOR1)
(attribute ?PART2 ?COLOR2)
(instance ?COLOR1 ColorAttribute)
(instance ?COLOR2 ColorAttribute)
(not
(equal ?COLOR1 ?COLOR2)))))
If °®ªº ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê, then there doesn't exist subobj so that subobj ¬O obj ªº ³¡¤À) and ²GÅ骺 ¬O subobj ªº ÄÝ©Ê.
(=>
(attribute ?OBJ Dry)
(not
(exists
(?SUBOBJ)
(and
(part ?SUBOBJ ?OBJ)
(attribute ?SUBOBJ Liquid)))))
If ¤£©ö¸Hªº ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê, then there doesn't exist ·l®` damage so that obj ¬O damage ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ.
(=>
(attribute ?OBJ Unbreakable)
(not
(exists
(?DAMAGE)
(and
(instance ?DAMAGE Damaging)
(patient ?DAMAGE ?OBJ)))))
If FLªº ¬O org ªº ÄÝ©Ê timea(¤§¤¤) time, then there doesn't exist ½Ï¥Í birth so that org (¨S) ÅéÅçnot(s) birth timea(¤§¤¤) time.
(=>
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(attribute ?ORG Embryonic))
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(not
(exists
(?BIRTH)
(and
(instance ?BIRTH Birth)
(experiencer ?BIRTH ?ORG))))))
entity ¬O "class ªº ¤¬¸É" ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if entity ¬O class ªº ¹ê¨Ò.
(<=>
(instance
?ENTITY
(ComplementFn ?CLASS))
(not
(instance ?ENTITY ?CLASS)))