¦s¦b (exists)
The existential quantifier of predicate logic.
Ontology
SUMO / STRUCTURAL-ONTOLOGYClass(es)
Coordinate term(s)
Y¥B°ßY
Y
©M
±Àª¾
©Ò¦³
«D
©Î
Type restrictions
exists(§Ç¦C, SUO-KIFªíz¦¡)
Related WordNet synsets
- being, beingness, existence
- the state or fact of existing: "a point of view gradually coming into being"; "laws in existence for centuries"
- reality, realness, realism
- the state of being actual or real: "the reality of his situation slowly dawned on him"
- actuality
- the state of actually existing objectively: "a hope that progressed from possibility to actuality"
- subsistence
- the state of existing in reality; having substance
- exist, be
- have an existence, be extant; "Is there a God?"
See more related synsets on a separate page.
Axioms (290)
If entity ¬O class ªº ª½±µ ¹ê¨Ò, then there doesn't exist class subclass so that entity ¬O subclass ªº ¹ê¨Ò.
(=>
(immediateInstance ?ENTITY ?CLASS)
(not
(exists
(?SUBCLASS)
(and
(subclass ?SUBCLASS ?CLASS)
(instance ?ENTITY ?SUBCLASS)))))
If class1 ¬O class2 ªº ª½±µ ¦¸ºØÃþ, then there doesn't exist class2 class3 so that class1 ¬O class3 ªº ¦¸ºØÃþ and class2 µ¥©ó class3 and class1 µ¥©ó class3.
(=>
(immediateSubclass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2)
(not
(exists
(?CLASS3)
(and
(subclass ?CLASS3 ?CLASS2)
(subclass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS3)
(not
(equal ?CLASS2 ?CLASS3))
(not
(equal ?CLASS1 ?CLASS3))))))
- if ½aºÉªºÄÝ©Ê,
- then for all obj holds: if attr1 ¬O class ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists attr2 so that attr2 ¬O "()" ªº ¤@ ¦¨û and attr1 µ¥©ó attr2
.
(=>
(exhaustiveAttribute ?CLASS @ROW)
(forall
(?OBJ)
(=>
(instance ?ATTR1 ?CLASS)
(exists
(?ATTR2)
(and
(inList
?ATTR2
(ListFn @ROW))
(equal ?ATTR1 ?ATTR2))))))
If attr1 ¬O attr2 ªº Äò±µÄÝ©Ê and entity ¦³ ÄÝ©Ê attr2 time1a(¤§¤¤) time1, then there exists time2 so that time2 ¬O "time1 ¤§«e" ªº ³¡¤À and entity ¦³ ÄÝ©Ê attr1 time2a(¤§¤¤) time2.
(=>
(and
(successorAttribute ?ATTR1 ?ATTR2)
(holdsDuring
?TIME1
(property ?ENTITY ?ATTR2)))
(exists
(?TIME2)
(and
(temporalPart
?TIME2
(PastFn ?TIME1))
(holdsDuring
?TIME2
(property ?ENTITY ?ATTR1)))))
There exists thing so that thing ¬O ¹êÅé ªº ¹ê¨Ò.
(exists
(?THING)
(instance ?THING Entity))
phys ¬O ª«½èªº ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if there exist loc,time so that phys ¦ì©ó loc and phys (¤£) ¦s¦bs time ´Á¶¡.
(<=>
(instance ?PHYS Physical)
(exists
(?LOC ?TIME)
(and
(located ?PHYS ?LOC)
(time ?PHYS ?TIME))))
If atom ¬O ì¤l ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ½è¤l proton,¹q¤l electron so that proton ¬O atom ªº ¤¸¥ó and electron ¬O atom ªº ¤¸¥ó.
(=>
(instance ?ATOM Atom)
(exists
(?PROTON ?ELECTRON)
(and
(component ?PROTON ?ATOM)
(component ?ELECTRON ?ATOM)
(instance ?PROTON Proton)
(instance ?ELECTRON Electron))))
If particle ¬O ¦¸ì¤l²É¤l ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ì¤l atom so that particle ¬O atom ªº ³¡¤À).
(=>
(instance ?PARTICLE SubatomicParticle)
(exists
(?ATOM)
(and
(instance ?ATOM Atom)
(part ?PARTICLE ?ATOM))))
If nucleus ¬O ì¤l®Ö ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ¤¤¤l neutron,½è¤l proton so that neutron ¬O nucleus ªº ¤¸¥ó and proton ¬O nucleus ªº ¤¸¥ó.
(=>
(instance ?NUCLEUS AtomicNucleus)
(exists
(?NEUTRON ?PROTON)
(and
(component ?NEUTRON ?NUCLEUS)
(component ?PROTON ?NUCLEUS)
(instance ?NEUTRON Neutron)
(instance ?PROTON Proton))))
If mixture ¬O ²V¦Xª« ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ¯Âª«½è pure1,¯Âª«½è pure2 so that pure1 µ¥©ó pure2 and pure1 ¬O mixture ªº ¤@¤p³¡¤À and pure2 ¬O mixture ªº ¤@¤p³¡¤À.
(=>
(instance ?MIXTURE Mixture)
(exists
(?PURE1 ?PURE2)
(and
(subclass ?PURE1 PureSubstance)
(subclass ?PURE2 PureSubstance)
(not
(equal ?PURE1 ?PURE2))
(piece ?PURE1 ?MIXTURE)
(piece ?PURE2 ?MIXTURE))))
If obj ¬O ½ÆÂøÅé/«D³æ½èÅé ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ª«½è substance1,ª«½è substance2 so that substance1 ¬O ¥Ñ obj ²Õ¦¨ and substance2 ¬O ¥Ñ obj ²Õ¦¨ and substance1 µ¥©ó substance2.
(=>
(instance ?OBJ CorpuscularObject)
(exists
(?SUBSTANCE1 ?SUBSTANCE2)
(and
(subclass ?SUBSTANCE1 Substance)
(subclass ?SUBSTANCE2 Substance)
(material ?SUBSTANCE1 ?OBJ)
(material ?SUBSTANCE2 ?OBJ)
(not
(equal ?SUBSTANCE1 ?SUBSTANCE2)))))
If region ¬O °Ï°ì ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists phys so that phys ¦ì©ó region.
(=>
(instance ?REGION Region)
(exists
(?PHYS)
(located ?PHYS ?REGION)))
If coll ¬O ¸s¶° ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists obj so that obj ¬O collªº ¦¨û.
(=>
(instance ?COLL Collection)
(exists
(?OBJ)
(member ?OBJ ?COLL)))
If string ¬O ²Å¸¹¦ê ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¦r¤¸ part so that part ¬O string ªº ³¡¤À).
(=>
(instance ?STRING SymbolicString)
(exists
(?PART)
(and
(part ?PART ?STRING)
(instance ?PART Character))))
If lang ¬O ¤H³y»y¨¥ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists pµe plan so that lang ¬O plan ªº µ²ªG.
(=>
(instance ?LANG ConstructedLanguage)
(exists
(?PLAN)
(and
(instance ?PLAN Planning)
(result ?PLAN ?LANG))))
agent ¬O ¬I¨ÆªÌ ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if there exists proc so that proc ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ.
(<=>
(instance ?AGENT Agent)
(exists
(?PROC)
(agent ?PROC ?AGENT)))
If process ¬O Âù¨ü¨Æ¾úµ{ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist obj1,obj2 so that obj1 ¬O process ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and obj2 ¬O process ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and obj1 µ¥©ó obj2.
(=>
(instance ?PROCESS DualObjectProcess)
(exists
(?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
(and
(patient ?PROCESS ?OBJ1)
(patient ?PROCESS ?OBJ2)
(not
(equal ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)))))
abs ¬O ©â¶Hªº ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if there doesn't exist point so that abs ¦ì©ó point or abs (¤£) ¦s¦bs point ´Á¶¡.
(<=>
(instance ?ABS Abstract)
(not
(exists
(?POINT)
(or
(located ?ABS ?POINT)
(time ?ABS ?POINT)))))
If number ¬O µê¼Æ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¹ê¼Æ real so that number µ¥©ó "real*" ªº ¥¤è®Ú"".
(=>
(instance ?NUMBER ImaginaryNumber)
(exists
(?REAL)
(and
(instance ?REAL RealNumber)
(equal
?NUMBER
(MultiplicationFn
?REAL
(SquareRootFn -1))))))
If number ¬O ½Æ¼Æ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ¹ê¼Æ real1,¹ê¼Æ real2 so that number µ¥©ó "(real1+"real2*" ªº ¥¤è®Ú"")".
(=>
(instance ?NUMBER ComplexNumber)
(exists
(?REAL1 ?REAL2)
(and
(instance ?REAL1 RealNumber)
(instance ?REAL2 RealNumber)
(equal
?NUMBER
(AdditionFn
?REAL1
(MultiplicationFn
?REAL2
(SquareRootFn -1)))))))
rel ¬O ¥þÈÃö«Y ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if there exists valence so that rel ¬O Ãö«Y ªº ¹ê¨Ò and rel %&¦³ ½×¤¸(s) valence and - if for all number,element,class holds: if number ¤p©ó valence and rel ªº ½×¤¸ number ¬O class ªº ¹ê¨Ò and element µ¥©ó ""()" ªº ²Ä¤G ¤¸¯À", then element ¬O class ªº ¹ê¨Ò,
- then there exists item so that rel(,item) (¤£) ¦¨¥ßs
.
(<=>
(instance ?REL TotalValuedRelation)
(exists
(?VALENCE)
(and
(instance ?REL Relation)
(valence ?REL ?VALENCE)
(=>
(forall
(?NUMBER ?ELEMENT ?CLASS)
(=>
(and
(lessThan ?NUMBER ?VALENCE)
(domain ?REL ?NUMBER ?CLASS)
(equal
?ELEMENT
(ListOrderFn
(ListFn @ROW)
?NUMBER)))
(instance ?ELEMENT ?CLASS)))
(exists
(?ITEM)
(holds ?REL @ROW ?ITEM))))))
If rel ¬O ¤G¤¸Ãö«Y ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there don't exist item1,item2,item3, so that rel(item1,item2,item3,) (¤£) ¦¨¥ßs.
(=>
(instance ?REL BinaryRelation)
(not
(exists
(?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 @ROW)
(holds ?REL ?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 @ROW))))
If process ¬O ¾úµ{ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists cause so that process ¬O cause ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ.
(=>
(instance ?PROCESS Process)
(exists
(?CAUSE)
(agent ?PROCESS ?CAUSE)))
If agent (¤£) ·Qnnot(s) obj, then there exists purp so that obj ¹ïagent ¦³ ·N¹Ï purp.
(=>
(wants ?AGENT ?OBJ)
(exists
(?PURP)
(hasPurposeForAgent ?OBJ ?PURP ?AGENT)))
If agent (¤£)¬Û«H formula, then there exists time so that agent (¤£) ¦Ò¼{p{s} formula timea(¤§¤¤) time.
(=>
(believes ?AGENT ?FORMULA)
(exists
(?TIME)
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(considers ?AGENT ?FORMULA))))
If rel ¬O ¤T¤¸Ãö«Y ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there don't exist item1,item2,item3,item4, so that rel(item1,item2,item3,item4,) (¤£) ¦¨¥ßs.
(=>
(instance ?REL TernaryRelation)
(not
(exists
(?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 ?ITEM4 @ROW)
(holds ?REL ?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 ?ITEM4 @ROW))))
If rel ¬O ¥|¤¸Ãö«Y ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there don't exist item1,item2,item3,item4,item5, so that rel(item1,item2,item3,item4,item5,) (¤£) ¦¨¥ßs.
(=>
(instance ?REL QuaternaryRelation)
(not
(exists
(?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 ?ITEM4 ?ITEM5 @ROW)
(holds ?REL ?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 ?ITEM4 ?ITEM5 @ROW))))
If rel ¬O ¤¤¸Ãö«Y ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there don't exist item1,item2,item3,item4,item5,item6, so that rel(item1,item2,item3,item4,item5,item6,) (¤£) ¦¨¥ßs.
(=>
(instance ?REL QuintaryRelation)
(not
(exists
(?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 ?ITEM4 ?ITEM5 ?ITEM6 @ROW)
(holds ?REL ?ITEM1 ?ITEM2 ?ITEM3 ?ITEM4 ?ITEM5 ?ITEM6 @ROW))))
- if list ¬O §Ç¦C ªº ¹ê¨Ò,
- then there exists number1 so that there exists item1 so that "list ªº ²Ä¤G ¤¸¯À" µ¥©ó item1 and for all number2 holds: if number2 ¬O ¥¿¾ã¼Æ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and number2 ¤p©ó number1, then there exists item2 so that "list ªº ²Ä¤G ¤¸¯À" µ¥©ó item2
.
(=>
(instance ?LIST List)
(exists
(?NUMBER1)
(exists
(?ITEM1)
(and
(not
(equal
(ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER1)
?ITEM1))
(forall
(?NUMBER2)
(=>
(and
(instance ?NUMBER2 PositiveInteger)
(lessThan ?NUMBER2 ?NUMBER1))
(exists
(?ITEM2)
(equal
(ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER2)
?ITEM2))))))))
list µ¥©ó ªÅ¦C if and only if there doesn't exist item so that item ¬O list ªº ¤@ ¦¨û.
(<=>
(equal ?LIST NullList)
(not
(exists
(?ITEM)
(inList ?ITEM ?LIST))))
- if class ³Q ¥]§t,
- then for all obj holds: if obj ¬O class ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists item so that item ¬O "()" ªº ¤@ ¦¨û and obj ¬O item ªº ¹ê¨Ò
.
(=>
(exhaustiveDecomposition ?CLASS @ROW)
(forall
(?OBJ)
(=>
(instance ?OBJ ?CLASS)
(exists
(?ITEM)
(and
(inList
?ITEM
(ListFn @ROW))
(instance ?OBJ ?ITEM))))))
If "list ªº ªø«×" µ¥©ó number1, then for all number2 holds: there exists item so that "list ªº ²Ä¤G ¤¸¯À" µ¥©ó item if and only if number2 ¤p©ó©Îµ¥©ó number1.
(=>
(equal
(ListLengthFn ?LIST)
?NUMBER1)
(forall
(?NUMBER2)
(<=>
(exists
(?ITEM)
(equal
(ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER2)
?ITEM))
(lessThanOrEqualTo ?NUMBER2 ?NUMBER1))))
If "list1 ªº ªø«×" µ¥©ó number, then there exists list2 so that list1 (¨S¡^ªì©l¤Ænot(s) list2 and "(number+1)" µ¥©ó "list2 ªº ªø«×" and "list2 ªº ²Ä¤G ¤¸¯À" µ¥©ó item.
(=>
(equal
(ListLengthFn ?LIST1)
?NUMBER)
(exists
(?LIST2)
(and
(initialList ?LIST1 ?LIST2)
(equal
(SuccessorFn ?NUMBER)
(ListLengthFn ?LIST2))
(equal
(ListOrderFn
?LIST2
(SuccessorFn ?NUMBER))
?ITEM))))
item ¬O list ªº ¤@ ¦¨û if and only if there exists number so that "list ªº ²Ä¤G ¤¸¯À" µ¥©ó item.
(<=>
(inList ?ITEM ?LIST)
(exists
(?NUMBER)
(equal
(ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER)
?ITEM)))
- if list1 ¬O list2 ªº ¦¸§Ç¦C,
- then there exists number3 so that for all item holds: if item ¬O list1 ªº ¤@ ¦¨û, then there exist number1,number2 so that "list1 ªº ²Ä¤G ¤¸¯À" µ¥©ó item and "list2 ªº ²Ä¤G ¤¸¯À" µ¥©ó item and number2 µ¥©ó "(number1+number3)"
.
(=>
(subList ?LIST1 ?LIST2)
(exists
(?NUMBER3)
(forall
(?ITEM)
(=>
(inList ?ITEM ?LIST1)
(exists
(?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2)
(and
(equal
(ListOrderFn ?LIST1 ?NUMBER1)
?ITEM)
(equal
(ListOrderFn ?LIST2 ?NUMBER2)
?ITEM)
(equal
?NUMBER2
(AdditionFn ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER3))))))))
If rel ¬O Åܲ§¤¸¼ÆÃö«Y ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there doesn't exist int so that rel %&¦³ ½×¤¸(s) int.
(=>
(instance ?REL VariableArityRelation)
(not
(exists
(?INT)
(valence ?REL ?INT))))
If proc1 ¬O ¾úµ{ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists proc2 so that proc2 (¤£) ³y¦¨ proc1.
(=>
(instance ?PROC1 Process)
(exists
(?PROC2)
(causes ?PROC2 ?PROC1)))
- if ¦¸Ãþ»F¦],
- then for all inst2 holds: if inst2 ¬O proc2 ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists proc1 inst1 so that inst1 (¤£) ³y¦¨ inst2
.
(=>
(causesSubclass ?PROC1 ?PROC2)
(forall
(?INST2)
(=>
(instance ?INST2 ?PROC2)
(exists
(?INST1)
(and
(instance ?INST1 ?PROC1)
(causes ?INST1 ?INST2))))))
If obj (¤£) §Q¥Înot(s) agent, then there exists process so that process ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and obj ¹ï process ¬O ¸ê·½.
(=>
(exploits ?OBJ ?AGENT)
(exists
(?PROCESS)
(and
(agent ?PROCESS ?AGENT)
(resource ?PROCESS ?OBJ))))
If thing ¦³ ·N¹Ï purpose, then there exists agent so that thing ¹ïagent ¦³ ·N¹Ï purpose.
(=>
(hasPurpose ?THING ?PURPOSE)
(exists
(?AGENT)
(hasPurposeForAgent ?THING ?PURPOSE ?AGENT)))
If obj ³¡¤À¦ì©ó region, then there exists subobj so that subobj ¬O obj ªº ³¡¤À) and subobj ºë½T¦ì©ó region.
(=>
(partlyLocated ?OBJ ?REGION)
(exists
(?SUBOBJ)
(and
(part ?SUBOBJ ?OBJ)
(exactlyLocated ?SUBOBJ ?REGION))))
If obj ºë½T¦ì©ó region, then there doesn't exist otherobj so that otherobj ºë½T¦ì©ó region and otherobj µ¥©ó obj.
(=>
(exactlyLocated ?OBJ ?REGION)
(not
(exists
(?OTHEROBJ)
(and
(exactlyLocated ?OTHEROBJ ?REGION)
(not
(equal ?OTHEROBJ ?OBJ))))))
- if person (¨S) ¾Ö¦³not(s) obj,
- then there exists type so that type ¦³ Åv ¨Ï person ¬°¯u and for all process holds: if process ¬O type ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then obj ¬O process ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ
.
(=>
(possesses ?PERSON ?OBJ)
(exists
(?TYPE)
(and
(holdsRight ?PERSON ?TYPE)
(forall
(?PROCESS)
(=>
(instance ?PROCESS ?TYPE)
(patient ?PROCESS ?OBJ))))))
- if proc1 ¬O proc2 ªº ¥ý¨M±ø¥ó,
- then if there exists inst2 so that inst2 ¬O proc2 ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists inst1 so that inst1 ¬O proc1 ªº ¹ê¨Ò
.
(=>
(precondition ?PROC1 ?PROC2)
(=>
(exists
(?INST2)
(instance ?INST2 ?PROC2))
(exists
(?INST1)
(instance ?INST1 ?PROC1))))
If §í¨î(proc1,proc2) holds, then for all time,place holds: "there exists proc1 inst1 so that inst1 ¦ì©ó place timea(¤§¤¤) time" (¤£¡^°§Cs) %2 ªº ¥i¯à©Ê.
(=>
(inhibits ?PROC1 ?PROC2)
(forall
(?TIME ?PLACE)
(decreasesLikelihood
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(exists
(?INST1)
(and
(instance ?INST1 ?PROC1)
(located ?INST1 ?PLACE))))
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(exists
(?INST2)
(and
(instance ?INST2 ?PROC2)
(located ?INST2 ?PLACE)))))))
- if proc1 Á×§K proc2 ªº µo¥Í,
- then for all time,place holds: if there exists proc1 inst1 so that inst1 ¦ì©ó place timea(¤§¤¤) time, then there exists proc2 inst2 so that inst2 ¦ì©ó place timea(¤§¤¤) time
.
(=>
(prevents ?PROC1 ?PROC2)
(forall
(?TIME ?PLACE)
(=>
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(exists
(?INST1)
(and
(instance ?INST1 ?PROC1)
(located ?INST1 ?PLACE))))
(not
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(exists
(?INST2)
(and
(instance ?INST2 ?PROC2)
(located ?INST2 ?PLACE))))))))
If rep ¥H»y¨¥ language §e²{ entity, then there exists agent so that agent ¨Ï¥Î rep ªí¥Ü entity.
(=>
(representsInLanguage ?REP ?ENTITY ?LANGUAGE)
(exists
(?AGENT)
(representsForAgent ?REP ?ENTITY ?AGENT)))
class1 ¥]®e class2 if and only if for all obj2,info holds: if obj2 ¬O class2 ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj2 (¤£) ¥]§ts) °T®§ %2, then there exists class1 obj1 so that obj1 (¤£) ¥]§ts) °T®§ %2.
(<=>
(subsumesContentClass ?CLASS1 ?CLASS2)
(forall
(?OBJ2 ?INFO)
(=>
(and
(instance ?OBJ2 ?CLASS2)
(containsInformation ?OBJ2 ?INFO))
(exists
(?OBJ1)
(and
(instance ?OBJ1 ?CLASS1)
(containsInformation ?OBJ1 ?INFO))))))
If process ªí¹F prop ªº ¤º®e, then there exists ¤º®e¸üÅé obj so that obj (¤£) ¥]§ts) °T®§ %2.
(=>
(realization ?PROCESS ?PROP)
(exists
(?OBJ)
(and
(instance ?OBJ ContentBearingObject)
(containsInformation ?OBJ ?PROP))))
express ¥H language »y¨¥ ªí¹F if and only if there exists prop so that express ¥H»y¨¥ language §e²{ prop.
(<=>
(expressedInLanguage ?EXPRESS ?LANGUAGE)
(exists
(?PROP)
(representsInLanguage ?EXPRESS ?PROP ?LANGUAGE)))
If agent ¨Ï¥Î obj, then there exists proc so that proc ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and obj ¹ï proc ¬O ¤u¨ã.
(=>
(uses ?OBJ ?AGENT)
(exists
(?PROC)
(and
(agent ?PROC ?AGENT)
(instrument ?PROC ?OBJ))))
If number ¬O ¦³²z¼Æ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ¾ã¼Æ int1,¾ã¼Æ int2 so that number µ¥©ó "int1/int2".
(=>
(instance ?NUMBER RationalNumber)
(exists
(?INT1 ?INT2)
(and
(instance ?INT1 Integer)
(instance ?INT2 Integer)
(equal
?NUMBER
(DivisionFn ?INT1 ?INT2)))))
If "number ªº ¤W" µ¥©ó int, then there doesn't exist ¾ã¼Æ otherint so that otherint ¤j©ó©Îµ¥©ó number and otherint ¤p©ó int.
(=>
(equal
(CeilingFn ?NUMBER)
?INT)
(not
(exists
(?OTHERINT)
(and
(instance ?OTHERINT Integer)
(greaterThanOrEqualTo ?OTHERINT ?NUMBER)
(lessThan ?OTHERINT ?INT)))))
If "³Ì¤j ¾ã¼Æ ¤p©ó ©Î µ¥©ó number" µ¥©ó int, then there doesn't exist ¾ã¼Æ otherint so that otherint ¤p©ó©Îµ¥©ó number and otherint (¤£) ¤j©ó int.
(=>
(equal
(FloorFn ?NUMBER)
?INT)
(not
(exists
(?OTHERINT)
(and
(instance ?OTHERINT Integer)
(lessThanOrEqualTo ?OTHERINT ?NUMBER)
(greaterThan ?OTHERINT ?INT)))))
- if " ªº ³Ì¤j¤½¬ù¼Æ" µ¥©ó number,
- then there doesn't exist greater so that greater (¤£) ¤j©ó number and for all element holds: if element ¬O "()" ªº ¤@ ¦¨û, then "element ¨ú¾l¼Æ greater" µ¥©ó
.
(=>
(equal
(GreatestCommonDivisorFn @ROW)
?NUMBER)
(not
(exists
(?GREATER)
(and
(greaterThan ?GREATER ?NUMBER)
(forall
(?ELEMENT)
(=>
(inList
?ELEMENT
(ListFn @ROW))
(equal
(RemainderFn ?ELEMENT ?GREATER)
0)))))))
If number ¬O ½Æ¼Æ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist part1,part2 so that part1 µ¥©ó "number ªº ¹ê¼Æ" and part2 µ¥©ó "number ªº µê¼Æ".
(=>
(instance ?NUMBER ComplexNumber)
(exists
(?PART1 ?PART2)
(and
(equal
?PART1
(RealNumberFn ?NUMBER))
(equal
?PART2
(ImaginaryPartFn ?NUMBER)))))
- if " ªº ³Ì¤p¤½¿¼Æ" µ¥©ó number,
- then there doesn't exist less so that less ¤p©ó number and for all element holds: if element ¬O "()" ªº ¤@ ¦¨û, then "less ¨ú¾l¼Æ element" µ¥©ó
.
(=>
(equal
(LeastCommonMultipleFn @ROW)
?NUMBER)
(not
(exists
(?LESS)
(and
(lessThan ?LESS ?NUMBER)
(forall
(?ELEMENT)
(=>
(inList
?ELEMENT
(ListFn @ROW))
(equal
(RemainderFn ?LESS ?ELEMENT)
0)))))))
There doesn't exist element so that element ¬O ªÅ¶°¦X ªº ¤¸¯À.
(not
(exists
(?ELEMENT)
(element ?ELEMENT NullSet)))
If set ¬O ¦³¶°¦X ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists «Dt¾ã¼Æ number so that number µ¥©ó "set ¤¤ ¹ê¨Ò ªº ¼Æ¥Ø".
(=>
(instance ?SET FiniteSet)
(exists
(?NUMBER)
(and
(instance ?NUMBER NonnegativeInteger)
(equal
?NUMBER
(CardinalityFn ?SET)))))
- if class ¬O ¤¬¥¸Ãþ ªº ¹ê¨Ò,
- then for all inst1,inst2 holds: if inst1 ¬O class ªº ¹ê¨Ò and inst2 ¬O inst1 ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists class inst3 so that inst2 ¬O inst3 ªº ¹ê¨Ò
.
(=>
(instance ?CLASS MutuallyDisjointClass)
(forall
(?INST1 ?INST2)
(=>
(and
(instance ?INST1 ?CLASS)
(instance ?INST2 ?INST1))
(exists
(?INST3)
(and
(instance ?INST3 ?CLASS)
(not
(instance ?INST2 ?INST3)))))))
If graph ¬O ¹Ï ªº ¹ê¨Ò and node1 ¬O ¹Ï¸`ÂI ªº ¹ê¨Ò and node2 ¬O ¹Ï¸`ÂI ªº ¹ê¨Ò and node1 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and node2 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and node1 µ¥©ó node2, then there exist arc,path so that - arc (¨S) ³sµ²not(s) node1 ©M node2
or .
(=>
(and
(instance ?GRAPH Graph)
(instance ?NODE1 GraphNode)
(instance ?NODE2 GraphNode)
(graphPart ?NODE1 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?NODE2 ?GRAPH)
(not
(equal ?NODE1 ?NODE2)))
(exists
(?ARC ?PATH)
(or
(links ?NODE1 ?NODE2 ?ARC)
(and
(subGraph ?PATH ?GRAPH)
(instance ?PATH GraphPath)
(or
(and
(equal
(BeginNodeFn ?PATH)
?NODE1)
(equal
(EndNodeFn ?PATH)
?NODE2))
(and
(equal
(BeginNodeFn ?PATH)
?NODE2)
(equal
(EndNodeFn ?PATH)
?NODE1)))))))
If graph ¬O ¹Ï ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist node1,node2,node3,arc1,arc2 so that node1 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and node2 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and node3 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and arc1 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and arc2 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and node2 (¨S) ³sµ²not(s) arc1 ©M node1 and node3 (¨S) ³sµ²not(s) arc2 ©M node2 and node1 µ¥©ó node2 and node2 µ¥©ó node3 and node1 µ¥©ó node3 and arc1 µ¥©ó arc2.
(=>
(instance ?GRAPH Graph)
(exists
(?NODE1 ?NODE2 ?NODE3 ?ARC1 ?ARC2)
(and
(graphPart ?NODE1 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?NODE2 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?NODE3 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?ARC1 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?ARC2 ?GRAPH)
(links ?ARC1 ?NODE1 ?NODE2)
(links ?ARC2 ?NODE2 ?NODE3)
(not
(equal ?NODE1 ?NODE2))
(not
(equal ?NODE2 ?NODE3))
(not
(equal ?NODE1 ?NODE3))
(not
(equal ?ARC1 ?ARC2)))))
If graph ¬O ¦³¦V¹Ï ªº ¹ê¨Ò and arc ¬O ¹Ï©·½u ªº ¹ê¨Ò and arc ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À, then there exist node1,node2 so that "arc ªº °_©l¸`ÂI" µ¥©ó node1 and "arc ªº ³Ì²×¸`ÂI" µ¥©ó node2.
(=>
(and
(instance ?GRAPH DirectedGraph)
(instance ?ARC GraphArc)
(graphPart ?ARC ?GRAPH))
(exists
(?NODE1 ?NODE2)
(and
(equal
(InitialNodeFn ?ARC)
?NODE1)
(equal
(TerminalNodeFn ?ARC)
?NODE2))))
If graph ¬O ¾ðª¬¹Ï ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there doesn't exist ¹Ï°j°é loop so that loop ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À.
(=>
(instance ?GRAPH Tree)
(not
(exists
(?LOOP)
(and
(instance ?LOOP GraphLoop)
(graphPart ?LOOP ?GRAPH)))))
- if graph ¬O ¹Ï¸ô®| ªº ¹ê¨Ò and arc ¬O ¹Ï©·½u ªº ¹ê¨Ò and arc ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À,
- then if "arc ªº °_©l¸`ÂI" µ¥©ó node, then there doesn't exist other so that "other ªº °_©l¸`ÂI" µ¥©ó node and other µ¥©ó arc
.
(=>
(and
(instance ?GRAPH GraphPath)
(instance ?ARC GraphArc)
(graphPart ?ARC ?GRAPH))
(=>
(equal
(InitialNodeFn ?ARC)
?NODE)
(not
(exists
(?OTHER)
(and
(equal
(InitialNodeFn ?OTHER)
?NODE)
(not
(equal ?OTHER ?ARC)))))))
(=>
(and
(instance ?GRAPH GraphPath)
(instance ?ARC GraphArc)
(graphPart ?ARC ?GRAPH))
(=>
(equal
(TerminalNodeFn ?ARC)
?NODE)
(not
(exists
(?OTHER)
(and
(equal
(TerminalNodeFn ?OTHER)
?NODE)
(not
(equal ?OTHER ?ARC)))))))
graph ¬O ¹Ï§Î°j¸ô ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if there exists node so that "graph ªº ³Ìªì¸`ÂI" µ¥©ó node and "graph ªº ³Ì«á¸`ÂI" µ¥©ó node.
(<=>
(instance ?GRAPH GraphCircuit)
(exists
(?NODE)
(and
(equal
(BeginNodeFn ?GRAPH)
?NODE)
(equal
(EndNodeFn ?GRAPH)
?NODE))))
graph ¬O ¦h¹Ï ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if there exist arc1,arc2,node1,node2 so that arc1 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and arc2 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and node1 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and node2 ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À and arc1 (¨S) ³sµ²not(s) node1 ©M node2 and arc2 (¨S) ³sµ²not(s) node1 ©M node2 and arc1 µ¥©ó arc2.
(<=>
(instance ?GRAPH MultiGraph)
(exists
(?ARC1 ?ARC2 ?NODE1 ?NODE2)
(and
(graphPart ?ARC1 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?ARC2 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?NODE1 ?GRAPH)
(graphPart ?NODE2 ?GRAPH)
(links ?NODE1 ?NODE2 ?ARC1)
(links ?NODE1 ?NODE2 ?ARC2)
(not
(equal ?ARC1 ?ARC2)))))
graph ¬O ÀÀ¹Ï ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if there exists ¹Ï°j°é loop so that loop ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À.
(<=>
(instance ?GRAPH PseudoGraph)
(exists
(?LOOP)
(and
(instance ?LOOP GraphLoop)
(graphPart ?LOOP ?GRAPH))))
If part ¬O ¹Ï¤¸¥ó ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¹Ï graph so that part ¬O graph ªº ³¡¤À.
(=>
(instance ?PART GraphElement)
(exists
(?GRAPH)
(and
(instance ?GRAPH Graph)
(graphPart ?PART ?GRAPH))))
If node ¬O ¹Ï¸`ÂI ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist other,arc so that arc (¨S) ³sµ²not(s) node ©M other.
(=>
(instance ?NODE GraphNode)
(exists
(?OTHER ?ARC)
(links ?NODE ?OTHER ?ARC)))
If arc ¬O ¹Ï©·½u ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist node1,node2 so that arc (¨S) ³sµ²not(s) node1 ©M node2.
(=>
(instance ?ARC GraphArc)
(exists
(?NODE1 ?NODE2)
(links ?NODE1 ?NODE2 ?ARC)))
loop ¬O ¹Ï°j°é ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if there exists node so that loop (¨S) ³sµ²not(s) node ©M node.
(<=>
(instance ?LOOP GraphLoop)
(exists
(?NODE)
(links ?NODE ?NODE ?LOOP)))
- if "¹º¤À graph ¬° ¨â ¿W¥ß ¹Ïªí ªº ³Ì¤p¬Û¥æ¸ô®|" µ¥©ó pathclass,
- then there exists number so that for all path holds: if path ¬O pathclass ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then path ªº ¸ô®|ªø ¬O number
.
(=>
(equal
(MinimalCutSetFn ?GRAPH)
?PATHCLASS)
(exists
(?NUMBER)
(forall
(?PATH)
(=>
(instance ?PATH ?PATHCLASS)
(pathLength ?PATH ?NUMBER)))))
There don't exist ¹º¤À graph ¬° ¨â ¿W¥ß ¹Ïªí ªº ¬Û¥æ¸ô®| path1,¹º¤À graph ¬° ¨â ¿W¥ß ¹Ïªí ªº ³Ì¤p¬Û¥æ¸ô®| path2 so that path1 ªº ¸ô®|ªø ¬O number1 and path2 ªº ¸ô®|ªø ¬O number2 and number1 ¤p©ó number2.
(not
(exists
(?PATH1 ?PATH2)
(and
(instance
?PATH1
(CutSetFn ?GRAPH))
(instance
?PATH2
(MinimalCutSetFn ?GRAPH))
(pathLength ?PATH1 ?NUMBER1)
(pathLength ?PATH2 ?NUMBER2)
(lessThan ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2))))
If ¼Ð°ª(obj1,obj2,height) holds, then there exists top so that obj1 ªº ³»ºÝ ¬O top and top ©M obj2 ¤§¶¡ ¶ZÂ÷ ¬O height.
(=>
(altitude ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?HEIGHT)
(exists
(?TOP)
(and
(top ?TOP ?OBJ1)
(distance ?TOP ?OBJ2 ?HEIGHT))))
If ²`«×, then there exists bottom so that obj1 ªº ©³³¡ ¬O bottom and bottom ©M obj2 ¤§¶¡ ¶ZÂ÷ ¬O depth.
(=>
(depth ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?DEPTH)
(exists
(?BOTTOM)
(and
(bottom ?BOTTOM ?OBJ1)
(distance ?BOTTOM ?OBJ2 ?DEPTH))))
If point ¬O ®ÉÂI ªº ¹ê¨Ò and point µ¥©ó ®É¶¡²×ÂI/¥Ã»·, then there exists otherpoint so that otherpoint ¦b point ©M ®É¶¡²×ÂI/¥Ã»· ¤§¶¡ .
(=>
(and
(instance ?POINT TimePoint)
(not
(equal ?POINT PositiveInfinity)))
(exists
(?OTHERPOINT)
(temporallyBetween ?POINT ?OTHERPOINT PositiveInfinity)))
If point ¬O ®ÉÂI ªº ¹ê¨Ò and point µ¥©ó ®É¶¡°_ÂI/¥å¥j, then there exists otherpoint so that otherpoint ¦b ®É¶¡°_ÂI/¥å¥j ©M point ¤§¶¡ .
(=>
(and
(instance ?POINT TimePoint)
(not
(equal ?POINT NegativeInfinity)))
(exists
(?OTHERPOINT)
(temporallyBetween NegativeInfinity ?OTHERPOINT ?POINT)))
- if ¨C time1 µo¥Í proc,
- then for all time2 holds: if time2 ªº «ùÄò ¬O time1, then there exists position so that position ¬O time2 ªº ³¡¤À and there exists inst so that inst ¬O proc ªº ¹ê¨Ò positiona(¤§¤¤) position
.
(=>
(frequency ?PROC ?TIME1)
(forall
(?TIME2)
(=>
(duration ?TIME2 ?TIME1)
(exists
(?POSITION)
(and
(temporalPart ?POSITION ?TIME2)
(holdsDuring
?POSITION
(exists
(?INST)
(instance ?INST ?PROC))))))))
If point ¬O ®ÉÂI ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ®É¬q interval so that point ¬O interval ªº ³¡¤À.
(=>
(instance ?POINT TimePoint)
(exists
(?INTERVAL)
(and
(instance ?INTERVAL TimeInterval)
(temporalPart ?POINT ?INTERVAL))))
If interval ¬O ®É¬q ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ®ÉÂI point so that point ¬O interval ªº ³¡¤À.
(=>
(instance ?INTERVAL TimeInterval)
(exists
(?POINT)
(and
(instance ?POINT TimePoint)
(temporalPart ?POINT ?INTERVAL))))
- if obj ¬O ª«Åé ªº ¹ê¨Ò,
- then there exist ®ÉÂI time1,®ÉÂI time2 so that time1 (¨S) µo¥Í?{s} ¦b time2 ¤§«e and for all time holds: if time1 (¨S) µo¥Í?{s} ¦b time ©Î ¤§«e and time (¨S) µo¥Í?{s} ¦b time2 ©Î ¤§«e, then obj (¤£) ¦s¦bs time ´Á¶¡
.
(=>
(instance ?OBJ Object)
(exists
(?TIME1 ?TIME2)
(and
(instance ?TIME1 TimePoint)
(instance ?TIME2 TimePoint)
(before ?TIME1 ?TIME2)
(forall
(?TIME)
(=>
(and
(beforeOrEqual ?TIME1 ?TIME)
(beforeOrEqual ?TIME ?TIME2))
(time ?OBJ ?TIME))))))
interval2 (¨S) »P 1 ?«Å|s if and only if there exists ®É¬q interval3 so that interval3 ¬O interval1 ªº ³¡¤À and interval3 ¬O interval2 ªº ³¡¤À.
(<=>
(overlapsTemporally ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2)
(exists
(?INTERVAL3)
(and
(instance ?INTERVAL3 TimeInterval)
(temporalPart ?INTERVAL3 ?INTERVAL1)
(temporalPart ?INTERVAL3 ?INTERVAL2))))
If interval ¬O "±q timeclass1 ¨ì timeclass2 ªº ¦^Âk¶¡¹j" ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist timeclass1 time1,timeclass2 time2 so that time1 (¨S) ¶}©ls interval and time2 (¨S) §¹¦¨s interval.
(=>
(instance
?INTERVAL
(RecurrentTimeIntervalFn ?TIMECLASS1 ?TIMECLASS2))
(exists
(?TIME1 ?TIME2)
(and
(instance ?TIME1 ?TIMECLASS1)
(instance ?TIME2 ?TIMECLASS2)
(starts ?TIME1 ?INTERVAL)
(finishes ?TIME2 ?INTERVAL))))
- if "interval ¤À¸Ñ¦¨ ? interval-types" µ¥©ó class,
- then for all time1,time2 holds: if time1 ¬O interval-type ªº ¹ê¨Ò and time2 ¬O class ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists duration so that time1 ªº «ùÄò ¬O duration and time2 ªº «ùÄò ¬O duration
.
(=>
(equal
(TemporalCompositionFn ?INTERVAL ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
?CLASS)
(forall
(?TIME1 ?TIME2)
(=>
(and
(instance ?TIME1 ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
(instance ?TIME2 ?CLASS))
(exists
(?DURATION)
(and
(duration ?TIME1 ?DURATION)
(duration ?TIME2 ?DURATION))))))
If "interval ¤À¸Ñ¦¨ ? interval-types" µ¥©ó class, then there exists class time so that time (¨S) ¶}©ls interval.
(=>
(equal
(TemporalCompositionFn ?INTERVAL ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
?CLASS)
(exists
(?TIME)
(and
(instance ?TIME ?CLASS)
(starts ?TIME ?INTERVAL))))
If "interval ¤À¸Ñ¦¨ ? interval-types" µ¥©ó class, then there exists class time so that time (¨S) §¹¦¨s interval.
(=>
(equal
(TemporalCompositionFn ?INTERVAL ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
?CLASS)
(exists
(?TIME)
(and
(instance ?TIME ?CLASS)
(finishes ?TIME ?INTERVAL))))
- if "interval ¤À¸Ñ¦¨ ? interval-types" µ¥©ó class,
- then for all time1 holds: if time1 ¬O class ªº ¹ê¨Ò and time1 not(¨S) §¹¦¨ interval, then there exists class time2 so that time1 (¨S) ¬Û±µs time2
.
(=>
(equal
(TemporalCompositionFn ?INTERVAL ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
?CLASS)
(forall
(?TIME1)
(=>
(and
(instance ?TIME1 ?CLASS)
(not
(finishes ?TIME1 ?INTERVAL)))
(exists
(?TIME2)
(and
(instance ?TIME2 ?CLASS)
(meetsTemporally ?TIME1 ?TIME2))))))
- if "interval ¤À¸Ñ¦¨ ? interval-types" µ¥©ó class,
- then for all time1 holds: if time1 ¬O class ªº ¹ê¨Ò and time1 not(¨S) ¶}©l interval, then there exists class time2 so that time2 (¨S) ¬Û±µs time1
.
(=>
(equal
(TemporalCompositionFn ?INTERVAL ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
?CLASS)
(forall
(?TIME1)
(=>
(and
(instance ?TIME1 ?CLASS)
(not
(starts ?TIME1 ?INTERVAL)))
(exists
(?TIME2)
(and
(instance ?TIME2 ?CLASS)
(meetsTemporally ?TIME2 ?TIME1))))))
- if "interval ¤À¸Ñ¦¨ ? interval-types" µ¥©ó class,
- then for all time holds: if time ¬O ®ÉÂI ªº ¹ê¨Ò and time ¬O interval ªº ³¡¤À, then there exists class instance so that time ¬O instance ªº ³¡¤À
.
(=>
(equal
(TemporalCompositionFn ?INTERVAL ?INTERVAL-TYPE)
?CLASS)
(forall
(?TIME)
(=>
(and
(instance ?TIME TimePoint)
(temporalPart ?TIME ?INTERVAL))
(exists
(?INSTANCE)
(and
(instance ?INSTANCE ?CLASS)
(temporalPart ?TIME ?INSTANCE))))))
obj1 (¨S) »P obj2 «Å|s if and only if there exists obj3 so that obj3 ¬O obj1 ªº ³¡¤À) and obj3 ¬O obj2 ªº ³¡¤À).
(<=>
(overlapsSpatially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
(exists
(?OBJ3)
(and
(part ?OBJ3 ?OBJ1)
(part ?OBJ3 ?OBJ2))))
If rel ¬O ®æ¦ì¨¤¦â ªº ¹ê¨Ò and rel(process,obj) (¤£) ¦¨¥ßs, then there exists time so that "process ¦b time ªº time¦ì¸m" (¨S) »P obj «Å|s.
(=>
(and
(instance ?REL CaseRole)
(holds ?REL ?PROCESS ?OBJ))
(exists
(?TIME)
(overlapsSpatially
(WhereFn ?PROCESS ?TIME)
?OBJ)))
obj1 (¨S) »P obj2 ³¡¤À «Å|s if and only if - obj1 ¬O obj2 ªº ³¡¤À)
and - obj2 ¬O obj1 ªº ³¡¤À)
and - there exists obj3 so that obj3 ¬O obj1 ªº ³¡¤À) and obj3 ¬O obj2 ªº ³¡¤À)
.
(<=>
(overlapsPartially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
(and
(not
(part ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))
(not
(part ?OBJ2 ?OBJ1))
(exists
(?OBJ3)
(and
(part ?OBJ3 ?OBJ1)
(part ?OBJ3 ?OBJ2)))))
If obj1 ¬O obj2ªº ¥~ªí³¡¤À, then obj1 ¬O obj2 ªº ¤@ ¤º³¡ and there doesn't exist obj3 so that obj3 ¬O obj1 ªº ¤@ ¤º³¡.
(=>
(superficialPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
(and
(not
(interiorPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))
(not
(exists
(?OBJ3)
(interiorPart ?OBJ3 ?OBJ1)))))
If object ªº °¼± ¬O side and part ¬O object ªº ³¡¤À) and part »P side ¬Û³s, then there exists direct so that side ¹ï part ¬O direct.
(=>
(and
(side ?SIDE ?OBJECT)
(part ?PART ?OBJECT)
(not
(connected ?PART ?SIDE)))
(exists
(?DIRECT)
(orientation ?SIDE ?PART ?DIRECT)))
object ªº ¼e«× ¬O width if and only if there exist side1,side2 so that object ªº °¼± ¬O side1 and object ªº °¼± ¬O side2 and side1 ©M side2 ¤§¶¡ ¶ZÂ÷ ¬O width.
(<=>
(width ?OBJECT ?WIDTH)
(exists
(?SIDE1 ?SIDE2)
(and
(side ?SIDE1 ?OBJECT)
(side ?SIDE2 ?OBJECT)
(distance ?SIDE1 ?SIDE2 ?WIDTH))))
hole ¬O ¬} ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if there exists obj so that hole ¦b obj ¬O ¬}.
(<=>
(instance ?HOLE Hole)
(exists
(?OBJ)
(hole ?HOLE ?OBJ)))
If hole ¦b obj1 ¬O ¬} and hole ¦b obj2 ¬O ¬}, then there exists obj3 so that obj3 ¬O "obj1 ©M obj2 ªº ¥æ¶°" ªº ¥¿³¡¤À and hole ¦b obj3 ¬O ¬}.
(=>
(and
(hole ?HOLE ?OBJ1)
(hole ?HOLE ?OBJ2))
(exists
(?OBJ3)
(and
(properPart
?OBJ3
(MereologicalProductFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))
(hole ?HOLE ?OBJ3))))
If hole1 ¬O ¬} ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists hole2 so that hole2 ¬O hole1 ªº ¥¿³¡¤À.
(=>
(instance ?HOLE1 Hole)
(exists
(?HOLE2)
(properPart ?HOLE2 ?HOLE1)))
If obj1 µ¥©ó "¬} hole ªº ¥DÅé", then for all obj2 holds: obj2 (¨S) »P obj1 «Å|s if and only if there exists obj3 so that hole ¦b obj3 ¬O ¬} and obj2 (¨S) »P obj3 «Å|s.
(=>
(equal
?OBJ1
(PrincipalHostFn ?HOLE))
(forall
(?OBJ2)
(<=>
(overlapsSpatially ?OBJ2 ?OBJ1)
(exists
(?OBJ3)
(and
(hole ?HOLE ?OBJ3)
(overlapsSpatially ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3))))))
If hole1 ¬O ¬} ªº ¹ê¨Ò and hole2 ¬O hole1 ªº ¥¿³¡¤À, then there exists obj so that hole1 (¨S) ±µÄ²s obj and hole2 not(¨S) ±µÄ² obj.
(=>
(and
(instance ?HOLE1 Hole)
(properPart ?HOLE2 ?HOLE1))
(exists
(?OBJ)
(and
(meetsSpatially ?HOLE1 ?OBJ)
(not
(meetsSpatially ?HOLE2 ?OBJ)))))
If there exists time so that obj (¨S) ¶ñ¥Rs hole timea(¤§¤¤) time, then ¥i¶ñ¥Rªº ¬O hole ªº ÄÝ©Ê.
(=>
(exists
(?TIME)
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(fills ?OBJ ?HOLE)))
(attribute ?HOLE Fillable))
¥i¶ñ¥Rªº ¬O hole1 ªº ÄÝ©Ê if and only if there exists ¬} hole2 so that hole1 ¬O hole2 ªº ³¡¤À).
(<=>
(attribute ?HOLE1 Fillable)
(exists
(?HOLE2)
(and
(instance ?HOLE2 Hole)
(part ?HOLE1 ?HOLE2))))
If obj (¨S) ³¡¤À¶ñ¥Rs hole1, then there exists hole2 so that hole2 ¬O hole1 ªº ³¡¤À) and obj (¨S) ¶ñ¥Rs hole2.
(=>
(partiallyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE1)
(exists
(?HOLE2)
(and
(part ?HOLE2 ?HOLE1)
(completelyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE2))))
If obj (¨S) ¾A·í¶ñ¥Rs hole1, then there exists hole2 so that hole2 ¬O hole1 ªº ³¡¤À) and obj (¨S) ¶ñ¥Rs hole2.
(=>
(properlyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE1)
(exists
(?HOLE2)
(and
(part ?HOLE2 ?HOLE1)
(fills ?OBJ ?HOLE2))))
If obj1 (¨S) ¶ñ¥Rs hole, then there exists obj2 so that obj2 ¬O obj1 ªº ³¡¤À) and obj2 (¨S) ¶ñ¥Rs hole.
(=>
(completelyFills ?OBJ1 ?HOLE)
(exists
(?OBJ2)
(and
(part ?OBJ2 ?OBJ1)
(fills ?OBJ2 ?HOLE))))
If obj1 µ¥©ó "¬} hole ªº ªí¥Ö", then for all obj2 holds: obj2 (¨S) »P obj1 «Å|s if and only if there exists obj3 so that obj3 ¬O "¬} hole ªº ¥DÅé"ªº ¥~ªí³¡¤À and hole (¨S) ±µÄ²s obj3 and obj2 (¨S) »P obj3 «Å|s.
(=>
(equal
?OBJ1
(SkinFn ?HOLE))
(forall
(?OBJ2)
(<=>
(overlapsSpatially ?OBJ2 ?OBJ1)
(exists
(?OBJ3)
(and
(superficialPart
?OBJ3
(PrincipalHostFn ?HOLE))
(meetsSpatially ?HOLE ?OBJ3)
(overlapsSpatially ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3))))))
If proc ¬O ¾úµ{ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and subproc ¬O proc ªº ¦¸¾úµ{, then there exists time so that subproc (¤£) ¦s¦bs time ´Á¶¡.
(=>
(and
(instance ?PROC Process)
(subProcess ?SUBPROC ?PROC))
(exists
(?TIME)
(time ?SUBPROC ?TIME)))
If proc ¬O ¥Íª«¾úµ{ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¥Íª«Åé obj so that proc ¦ì©ó obj.
(=>
(instance ?PROC BiologicalProcess)
(exists
(?OBJ)
(and
(instance ?OBJ Organism)
(located ?PROC ?OBJ))))
If birth ¬O ½Ï¥Í ªº ¹ê¨Ò and agent (¨S) ÅéÅçnot(s) birth, then there exists ¦º¤` death so that agent (¨S) ÅéÅçnot(s) death.
(=>
(and
(instance ?BIRTH Birth)
(experiencer ?BIRTH ?AGENT))
(exists
(?DEATH)
(and
(instance ?DEATH Death)
(experiencer ?DEATH ?AGENT))))
If death ¬O ¦º¤` ªº ¹ê¨Ò and birth ¬O ½Ï¥Í ªº ¹ê¨Ò and agent (¨S) ÅéÅçnot(s) death and agent (¨S) ÅéÅçnot(s) birth, then there exists time so that "birth ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" (¨S) ¬Û±µs time and time (¨S) ¬Û±µs "death ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" and ¬¡ªº ¬O agent ªº ÄÝ©Ê timea(¤§¤¤) time.
(=>
(and
(instance ?DEATH Death)
(instance ?BIRTH Birth)
(experiencer ?DEATH ?AGENT)
(experiencer ?BIRTH ?AGENT))
(exists
(?TIME)
(and
(meetsTemporally
(WhenFn ?BIRTH)
?TIME)
(meetsTemporally
?TIME
(WhenFn ?DEATH))
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(attribute ?AGENT Living)))))
If digest ¬O ®ø¤Æ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and digest ¬O organism ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ, then there exists Äá¹ ingest so that ingest ¬O organism ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and "digest ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" (¨S) »P 1 ?«Å|s.
(=>
(and
(instance ?DIGEST Digesting)
(agent ?DIGEST ?ORGANISM))
(exists
(?INGEST)
(and
(instance ?INGEST Ingesting)
(agent ?INGEST ?ORGANISM)
(overlapsTemporally
(WhenFn ?INGEST)
(WhenFn ?DIGEST)))))
If digest ¬O ®ø¤Æ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¤Æ¾Ç¤À¸Ñ decomp so that decomp ¬O digest ªº ¦¸¾úµ{.
(=>
(instance ?DIGEST Digesting)
(exists
(?DECOMP)
(and
(instance ?DECOMP ChemicalDecomposition)
(subProcess ?DECOMP ?DIGEST))))
If rep ¬O ½Æ»s ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¥Í´Þºc³y body so that body ¬O rep ªº µ²ªG.
(=>
(instance ?REP Replication)
(exists
(?BODY)
(and
(instance ?BODY ReproductiveBody)
(result ?REP ?BODY))))
If rep ¬O ¦³©Ê¥Í´Þ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and organism ¬O rep ªº µ²ªG, then there don't exist mother,father so that mother ¬O organism ªº ¥À¿Ë and father ¬O organism ªº ¤÷¿Ë.
(=>
(and
(instance ?REP SexualReproduction)
(result ?REP ?ORGANISM))
(not
(exists
(?MOTHER ?FATHER)
(and
(mother ?ORGANISM ?MOTHER)
(father ?ORGANISM ?FATHER)))))
If rep ¬O µL©Ê¥Í´Þ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and organism ¬O rep ªº µ²ªG, then there don't exist parent1,parent2 so that parent1 ¬O organism ªº Âù¿Ë and parent2 ¬O organism ªº Âù¿Ë and parent1 µ¥©ó parent2.
(=>
(and
(instance ?REP AsexualReproduction)
(result ?REP ?ORGANISM))
(not
(exists
(?PARENT1 ?PARENT2)
(and
(parent ?ORGANISM ?PARENT1)
(parent ?ORGANISM ?PARENT2)
(not
(equal ?PARENT1 ?PARENT2))))))
If process ¬O ¤ß²z¾úµ{ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists °Êª« animal so that animal (¨S) ÅéÅçnot(s) process.
(=>
(instance ?PROCESS PsychologicalProcess)
(exists
(?ANIMAL)
(and
(instance ?ANIMAL Animal)
(experiencer ?PROCESS ?ANIMAL))))
If proc ¬O ¾¹©x©Î²Õ´¾úµ{ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists thing so that proc ¦ì©ó thing and thing ¬O ¾¹©x ªº ¹ê¨Ò or thing ¬O ²Õ´ ªº ¹ê¨Ò.
(=>
(instance ?PROC OrganOrTissueProcess)
(exists
(?THING)
(and
(located ?PROC ?THING)
(or
(instance ?THING Organ)
(instance ?THING Tissue)))))
If path ¬O ¯f²z¾úµ{ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and org (¨S) ÅéÅçnot(s) path, then there exist part,¯e¯f©Î¯gÔ¸s disease so that part ¬O org ªº ³¡¤À) and disease ¬O part ªº ÄÝ©Ê.
(=>
(and
(instance ?PATH PathologicProcess)
(experiencer ?PATH ?ORG))
(exists
(?PART ?DISEASE)
(and
(part ?PART ?ORG)
(instance ?DISEASE DiseaseOrSyndrome)
(attribute ?PART ?DISEASE))))
If inj ¬O ¶Ë®` ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¸Ñåºc³y struct so that struct ¬O inj ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ.
(=>
(instance ?INJ Injuring)
(exists
(?STRUCT)
(and
(instance ?STRUCT AnatomicalStructure)
(patient ?INJ ?STRUCT))))
If poison ¬O ¤¤¬r ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists thing so that thing ¬O poison ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and thing ¬O ¥Íª«Åé ªº ¹ê¨Ò or thing ¬O ¸Ñåºc³y ªº ¹ê¨Ò.
(=>
(instance ?POISON Poisoning)
(exists
(?THING)
(and
(patient ?POISON ?THING)
(or
(instance ?THING Organism)
(instance ?THING AnatomicalStructure)))))
If poison ¬O ¤¤¬r ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¬¡©Ê¥Íª«ª«½è substance so that substance ¹ï poison ¬O ¤u¨ã.
(=>
(instance ?POISON Poisoning)
(exists
(?SUBSTANCE)
(and
(instance ?SUBSTANCE BiologicallyActiveSubstance)
(instrument ?POISON ?SUBSTANCE))))
If proc ¬O ·N¦V©Ê¾úµ{ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and proc ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ, then there exists purp so that proc ¹ïagent ¦³ ·N¹Ï purp.
(=>
(and
(instance ?PROC IntentionalProcess)
(agent ?PROC ?AGENT))
(exists
(?PURP)
(hasPurposeForAgent ?PROC ?PURP ?AGENT)))
If proc ¬O ·N¦V©Ê¾úµ{ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¨ã»{ª¾¤O¬I¨ÆªÌ agent so that proc ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ.
(=>
(instance ?PROC IntentionalProcess)
(exists
(?AGENT)
(and
(instance ?AGENT CognitiveAgent)
(agent ?PROC ?AGENT))))
If act ¬O ²Õ´©Êªº¾úµ{ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and act ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ, then
(=>
(and
(instance ?ACT OrganizationalProcess)
(agent ?ACT ?AGENT))
(or
(instance ?AGENT Organization)
(exists
(?ORG)
(and
(instance ?ORG Organization)
(member ?AGENT ?ORG)))))
If act ¬O ©v±Ð¾úµ{ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and act ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ, then
(=>
(and
(instance ?ACT ReligiousProcess)
(agent ?ACT ?AGENT))
(or
(instance ?AGENT ReligiousOrganization)
(exists
(?ORG)
(and
(member ?AGENT ?ORG)
(instance ?ORG ReligiousOrganization)))))
If proc ¬O ¬Fªv¾úµ{ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¬F©² gov so that proc ¬O gov ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ or gov ¬O proc ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ.
(=>
(instance ?PROC PoliticalProcess)
(exists
(?GOV)
(and
(instance ?GOV Government)
(or
(agent ?PROC ?GOV)
(patient ?PROC ?GOV)))))
If increase ¬O ¼W¥[ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O increase ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exist unit,quant1,quant2 so that "obj unit(s)" µ¥©ó quant1 ""increase ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) "increase ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e and "obj unit(s)" µ¥©ó quant2 ""increase ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "increase ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á and quant2 (¤£) ¤j©ó quant1.
(=>
(and
(instance ?INCREASE Increasing)
(patient ?INCREASE ?OBJ))
(exists
(?UNIT ?QUANT1 ?QUANT2)
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?INCREASE))
(equal
(MeasureFn ?OBJ ?UNIT)
?QUANT1))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?INCREASE))
(equal
(MeasureFn ?OBJ ?UNIT)
?QUANT2))
(greaterThan ?QUANT2 ?QUANT1))))
If heat ¬O ¥[·Å ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O heat ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exist ·Å«×³æ¦ì unit,quant1,quant2 so that "obj unit(s)" µ¥©ó quant1 ""heat ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) "heat ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e and "obj unit(s)" µ¥©ó quant2 ""heat ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "heat ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á and quant2 (¤£) ¤j©ó quant1.
(=>
(and
(instance ?HEAT Heating)
(patient ?HEAT ?OBJ))
(exists
(?UNIT ?QUANT1 ?QUANT2)
(and
(instance ?UNIT TemperatureMeasure)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?HEAT))
(equal
(MeasureFn ?OBJ ?UNIT)
?QUANT1))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?HEAT))
(equal
(MeasureFn ?OBJ ?UNIT)
?QUANT2))
(greaterThan ?QUANT2 ?QUANT1))))
If decrease ¬O ´î¤Ö ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O decrease ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exist unit,quant1,quant2 so that "obj unit(s)" µ¥©ó quant1 ""decrease ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) "decrease ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e and "obj unit(s)" µ¥©ó quant2 ""decrease ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "decrease ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á and quant2 ¤p©ó quant1.
(=>
(and
(instance ?DECREASE Decreasing)
(patient ?DECREASE ?OBJ))
(exists
(?UNIT ?QUANT1 ?QUANT2)
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?DECREASE))
(equal
(MeasureFn ?OBJ ?UNIT)
?QUANT1))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?DECREASE))
(equal
(MeasureFn ?OBJ ?UNIT)
?QUANT2))
(lessThan ?QUANT2 ?QUANT1))))
If cool ¬O °·Å ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O cool ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exist ·Å«×³æ¦ì unit,quant1,quant2 so that "obj unit(s)" µ¥©ó quant1 ""cool ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) "cool ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e and "obj unit(s)" µ¥©ó quant2 ""cool ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "cool ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á and quant2 ¤p©ó quant1.
(=>
(and
(instance ?COOL Cooling)
(patient ?COOL ?OBJ))
(exists
(?UNIT ?QUANT1 ?QUANT2)
(and
(instance ?UNIT TemperatureMeasure)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?COOL))
(equal
(MeasureFn ?OBJ ?UNIT)
?QUANT1))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?COOL))
(equal
(MeasureFn ?OBJ ?UNIT)
?QUANT2))
(lessThan ?QUANT2 ?QUANT1))))
- if
- path1 ¦ñÀH process µo¥Í ªº process¸ô®|
and - process (¤£) °_·½s ©ó source
and - process (¤£) ²×µ²not(s) dest
and - path1 ªº ªø«× ¬O measure1
and - there don't exist path2,measure2 so that path2 ¦ñÀH process µo¥Í ªº process¸ô®| and process (¤£) °_·½s ©ó origin and process (¤£) ²×µ²not(s) dest and path2 ªº ªø«× ¬O measure2 and measure2 ¤p©ó measure1
, - then for all obj holds: if obj ¬O path1 ªº ³¡¤À), then obj ¤¶©ó source ©M dest ¤¤¶¡
.
(=>
(and
(path ?PROCESS ?PATH1)
(origin ?PROCESS ?SOURCE)
(destination ?PROCESS ?DEST)
(length ?PATH1 ?MEASURE1)
(not
(exists
(?PATH2 ?MEASURE2)
(and
(path ?PROCESS ?PATH2)
(origin ?PROCESS ?ORIGIN)
(destination ?PROCESS ?DEST)
(length ?PATH2 ?MEASURE2)
(lessThan ?MEASURE2 ?MEASURE1)))))
(forall
(?OBJ)
(=>
(part ?OBJ ?PATH1)
(between ?SOURCE ?OBJ ?DEST))))
If motion ¬O ¨Åé²¾°Ê ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ÂßÅ鳡¥ó obj,¥Íª«Åé agent so that obj ¬O motion ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and motion ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ.
(=>
(instance ?MOTION BodyMotion)
(exists
(?OBJ ?AGENT)
(and
(instance ?OBJ BodyPart)
(patient ?MOTION ?OBJ)
(instance ?AGENT Organism)
(agent ?MOTION ?AGENT))))
If walk ¬O ¦æ¨« ªº ¹ê¨Ò and walk ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ, then there exists ³°¦a area so that agent ¦ì©ó area.
(=>
(and
(instance ?WALK Walking)
(agent ?WALK ?AGENT))
(exists
(?AREA)
(and
(instance ?AREA LandArea)
(located ?AGENT ?AREA))))
If swim ¬O ¹Cªa ªº ¹ê¨Ò and swim ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ, then there exists ¤ô°ì area so that agent ¦ì©ó area.
(=>
(and
(instance ?SWIM Swimming)
(agent ?SWIM ?AGENT))
(exists
(?AREA)
(and
(instance ?AREA WaterArea)
(located ?AGENT ?AREA))))
If proc ¬O ¤è¦Vªº§ïÅÜ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¤è¦VÄÝ©Ê attr so that
(=>
(instance ?PROC DirectionChange)
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR DirectionalAttribute)
(or
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?PROC))
(manner ?PROC ?ATTR))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?PROC))
(not
(manner ?PROC ?ATTR))))
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?PROC))
(manner ?PROC ?ATTR))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?PROC))
(not
(manner ?PROC ?ATTR))))))))
If sub ¬O ´À´« ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ©ñ¸m put,²¾°£ remove,obj1,obj2,place so that put ¬O sub ªº ¦¸¾úµ{ and remove ¬O sub ªº ¦¸¾úµ{ and obj1 ¬O remove ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and remove (¤£) °_·½s ©ó place and obj2 ¬O put ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and put (¤£) ²×µ²not(s) place and obj1 µ¥©ó obj2.
(=>
(instance ?SUB Substituting)
(exists
(?PUT ?REMOVE ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?PLACE)
(and
(instance ?PUT Putting)
(instance ?REMOVE Removing)
(subProcess ?PUT ?SUB)
(subProcess ?REMOVE ?SUB)
(patient ?REMOVE ?OBJ1)
(origin ?REMOVE ?PLACE)
(patient ?PUT ?OBJ2)
(destination ?PUT ?PLACE)
(not
(equal ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)))))
If impact ¬O ¼vÅT ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O impact ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists ¬ï³z impel so that obj ¬O impel ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and "impel ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" (¨S) ¤ñ "impact ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¸û¦ µo¥Ínot(s).
(=>
(and
(instance ?IMPACT Impacting)
(patient ?IMPACT ?OBJ))
(exists
(?IMPEL)
(and
(instance ?IMPEL Impelling)
(patient ?IMPEL ?OBJ)
(earlier
(WhenFn ?IMPEL)
(WhenFn ?IMPACT)))))
If trans ¬O ¹B¿é ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¹B¿é¤u¨ã device so that device ¹ï trans ¬O ¤u¨ã.
(=>
(instance ?TRANS Transportation)
(exists
(?DEVICE)
(and
(instance ?DEVICE TransportationDevice)
(instrument ?TRANS ?DEVICE))))
If steer ¬O ¤Þ¾É ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¹B¿é¤u¨ã vehicle so that vehicle ¬O steer ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ.
(=>
(instance ?STEER Steering)
(exists
(?VEHICLE)
(and
(instance ?VEHICLE TransportationDevice)
(patient ?STEER ?VEHICLE))))
If education ¬O ±Ð¨|¾úµ{ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and person ¬O education ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then education ¦³ ·N¹Ï "there exists ¾Ç²ß learn so that person ¬O learn ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ".
(=>
(and
(instance ?EDUCATION EducationalProcess)
(patient ?EDUCATION ?PERSON))
(hasPurpose
?EDUCATION
(exists
(?LEARN)
(and
(instance ?LEARN Learning)
(patient ?LEARN ?PERSON)))))
If give ¬O µ¹»P ªº ¹ê¨Ò and give ¬O agent1 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and give (¤£) ²×µ²not(s) agent2 and agent2 ¬O ¬I¨ÆªÌ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O give ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists Àò¨ú get so that get ¬O agent2 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and get (¤£) °_·½s ©ó agent1 and obj ¬O get ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ.
(=>
(and
(instance ?GIVE Giving)
(agent ?GIVE ?AGENT1)
(destination ?GIVE ?AGENT2)
(instance ?AGENT2 Agent)
(patient ?GIVE ?OBJ))
(exists
(?GET)
(and
(instance ?GET Getting)
(agent ?GET ?AGENT2)
(origin ?GET ?AGENT1)
(patient ?GET ?OBJ))))
If give ¬O ³æ¤è±ªºµ¹»P ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there doesn't exist ¥æ©ö trans so that give ¬O trans ªº ¦¸¾úµ{.
(=>
(instance ?GIVE UnilateralGiving)
(not
(exists
(?TRANS)
(and
(instance ?TRANS Transaction)
(subProcess ?GIVE ?TRANS)))))
There exists ɨú borrow so that borrow ¬O agent1 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and borrow (¤£) °_·½s ©ó agent2 and object ¬O borrow ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ if and only if there exists ɤ© lend so that lend ¬O agent2 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and lend (¤£) ²×µ²not(s) agent1 and object ¬O lend ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ.
(<=>
(exists
(?BORROW)
(and
(instance ?BORROW Borrowing)
(agent ?BORROW ?AGENT1)
(origin ?BORROW ?AGENT2)
(patient ?BORROW ?OBJECT)))
(exists
(?LEND)
(and
(instance ?LEND Lending)
(agent ?LEND ?AGENT2)
(destination ?LEND ?AGENT1)
(patient ?LEND ?OBJECT))))
If get ¬O ³æ¤è±ªºÀò¨ú ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there doesn't exist ¥æ©ö trans so that get ¬O trans ªº ¦¸¾úµ{.
(=>
(instance ?GET UnilateralGetting)
(not
(exists
(?TRANS)
(and
(instance ?TRANS Transaction)
(subProcess ?GET ?TRANS)))))
If trans ¬O ¥æ©ö ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist agent1,agent2,µ¹»P give1,µ¹»P give2,obj1,obj2 so that give1 ¬O trans ªº ¦¸¾úµ{ and give2 ¬O trans ªº ¦¸¾úµ{ and give1 ¬O agent1 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and give2 ¬O agent2 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and obj1 ¬O give1 ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and obj2 ¬O give2 ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and give1 (¤£) ²×µ²not(s) agent2 and give2 (¤£) ²×µ²not(s) agent1 and agent1 µ¥©ó agent2 and obj1 µ¥©ó obj2.
(=>
(instance ?TRANS Transaction)
(exists
(?AGENT1 ?AGENT2 ?GIVE1 ?GIVE2 ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
(and
(instance ?GIVE1 Giving)
(instance ?GIVE2 Giving)
(subProcess ?GIVE1 ?TRANS)
(subProcess ?GIVE2 ?TRANS)
(agent ?GIVE1 ?AGENT1)
(agent ?GIVE2 ?AGENT2)
(patient ?GIVE1 ?OBJ1)
(patient ?GIVE2 ?OBJ2)
(destination ?GIVE1 ?AGENT2)
(destination ?GIVE2 ?AGENT1)
(not
(equal ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2))
(not
(equal ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)))))
If trans ¬O ª÷¿Ä¥æ©ö ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¶×²v³æ¦ì obj so that obj ¬O trans ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ.
(=>
(instance ?TRANS FinancialTransaction)
(exists
(?OBJ)
(and
(patient ?TRANS ?OBJ)
(instance ?OBJ CurrencyMeasure))))
There exists ¶R buy so that buy ¬O agent1 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and buy (¤£) °_·½s ©ó agent2 and object ¬O buy ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ if and only if there exists ¾P°â sell so that sell ¬O agent2 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and sell (¤£) ²×µ²not(s) agent1 and object ¬O sell ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ.
(<=>
(exists
(?BUY)
(and
(instance ?BUY Buying)
(agent ?BUY ?AGENT1)
(origin ?BUY ?AGENT2)
(patient ?BUY ?OBJECT)))
(exists
(?SELL)
(and
(instance ?SELL Selling)
(agent ?SELL ?AGENT2)
(destination ?SELL ?AGENT1)
(patient ?SELL ?OBJECT))))
If there exists ¾Ç²ß learn so that learn ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and prop ¬O learn ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ timea(¤§¤¤) time, then agent (¤£)¬Û«H prop "time ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) time ¤£¤[ ¤§«á.
(=>
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(exists
(?LEARN)
(and
(instance ?LEARN Learning)
(agent ?LEARN ?AGENT)
(patient ?LEARN ?PROP))))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn ?TIME)
(believes ?AGENT ?PROP)))
If meas ¬O ´ú¶q ªº ¹ê¨Ò and meas ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and obj ¬O meas ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exist quant,unit so that agent (¤£¡^ª¾¹Ds) %2 ""meas ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "meas ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á.
(=>
(and
(instance ?MEAS Measuring)
(agent ?MEAS ?AGENT)
(patient ?MEAS ?OBJ))
(exists
(?QUANT ?UNIT)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?MEAS))
(knows
?AGENT
(measure
?OBJ
(MeasureFn ?QUANT ?UNIT))))))
If count ¬O p¼Æ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and count ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and entity ¬O count ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists number so that agent (¤£¡^ª¾¹Ds) %2.
(=>
(and
(instance ?COUNT Counting)
(agent ?COUNT ?AGENT)
(patient ?COUNT ?ENTITY))
(exists
(?NUMBER)
(knows
?AGENT
(equal
(CardinalityFn ?ENTITY)
?NUMBER))))
If predict ¬O ¹w´ú ªº ¹ê¨Ò and formula ¬O predict ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists time so that formula (¨S) ¬°¯u timea(¤§¤¤) time and time (¨S) µo¥Í?{s} ¦b "predict ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤§«e or time (¨S) ¤ñ "predict ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¸û¦ µo¥Ínot(s).
(=>
(and
(instance ?PREDICT Predicting)
(patient ?PREDICT ?FORMULA))
(exists
(?TIME)
(and
(holdsDuring ?TIME ?FORMULA)
(or
(before
?TIME
(WhenFn ?PREDICT))
(earlier
?TIME
(WhenFn ?PREDICT))))))
If remember ¬O °O¾Ð ªº ¹ê¨Ò and formula ¬O remember ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists time so that formula (¨S) ¬°¯u timea(¤§¤¤) time and time (¨S) µo¥Í?{s} ¦b "remember ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤§«e or time (¨S) ¤ñ "remember ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¸û¦ µo¥Ínot(s).
(=>
(and
(instance ?REMEMBER Remembering)
(patient ?REMEMBER ?FORMULA))
(exists
(?TIME)
(and
(holdsDuring ?TIME ?FORMULA)
(or
(before
?TIME
(WhenFn ?REMEMBER))
(earlier
?TIME
(WhenFn ?REMEMBER))))))
If keep ¬O «O¦³ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and keep ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and obj ¬O keep ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists ©ñ¸m put so that put ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and obj ¬O put ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and "put ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" (¨S) ¤ñ "keep ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¸û¦ µo¥Ínot(s).
(=>
(and
(instance ?KEEP Keeping)
(agent ?KEEP ?AGENT)
(patient ?KEEP ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PUT)
(and
(instance ?PUT Putting)
(agent ?PUT ?AGENT)
(patient ?PUT ?OBJ)
(earlier
(WhenFn ?PUT)
(WhenFn ?KEEP)))))
- if keep ¬O «O¦³ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O keep ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ,
- then there exists place so that for all time holds: if time ¬O "keep ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ªº ³¡¤À, then obj ¦ì©ó place timea(¤§¤¤) time
.
(=>
(and
(instance ?KEEP Keeping)
(patient ?KEEP ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PLACE)
(forall
(?TIME)
(=>
(temporalPart
?TIME
(WhenFn ?KEEP))
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(located ?OBJ ?PLACE))))))
If confine ¬O ©w ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¤HÃþ human so that human ¬O confine ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ.
(=>
(instance ?CONFINE Confining)
(exists
(?HUMAN)
(and
(instance ?HUMAN Human)
(patient ?CONFINE ?HUMAN))))
If repair ¬O ×Å@ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O repair ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists ·l®` damage so that obj ¬O damage ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and "damage ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" (¨S) ¤ñ "repair ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¸û¦ µo¥Ínot(s).
(=>
(and
(instance ?REPAIR Repairing)
(patient ?REPAIR ?OBJ))
(exists
(?DAMAGE)
(and
(instance ?DAMAGE Damaging)
(patient ?DAMAGE ?OBJ)
(earlier
(WhenFn ?DAMAGE)
(WhenFn ?REPAIR)))))
If proc ¬O ªvÀø¾úµ{ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and bio ¬O proc ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then
(=>
(and
(instance ?PROC TherapeuticProcess)
(patient ?PROC ?BIO))
(or
(instance ?BIO Organism)
(exists
(?ORG)
(and
(instance ?ORG Organism)
(part ?BIO ?ORG)))))
If act ¬O ¥~¬ì¤â³N ªº ¹ê¨Ò and animal ¬O act ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists ¤Á³Î subact so that animal ¬O °Êª« ªº ¹ê¨Ò and cutting ¬O animal ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and subact ¬O act ªº ¦¸¾úµ{.
(=>
(and
(instance ?ACT Surgery)
(patient ?ACT ?ANIMAL))
(exists
(?SUBACT)
(and
(instance ?SUBACT Cutting)
(instance ?ANIMAL Animal)
(patient ?ANIMAL ?CUTTING)
(subProcess ?SUBACT ?ACT))))
process ¬O ·´·À ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if there exists patient so that patient ¬O process ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and patient (¤£) ¦s¦bs ""process ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e" ´Á¶¡ and patient not(¤£) ¦s¦b ""process ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á" ´Á¶¡.
(<=>
(instance ?PROCESS Destruction)
(exists
(?PATIENT)
(and
(patient ?PROCESS ?PATIENT)
(time
?PATIENT
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?PROCESS)))
(not
(time
?PATIENT
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?PROCESS)))))))
compound ¬O ¤Æ¦Xª« ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if there exist °ò¥»ª«½è element1,°ò¥»ª«½è element2,¤Æ¾Ç¦X¦¨ process so that element1 µ¥©ó element2 and element1 ¹ï process ¬O ¸ê·½ and element2 ¹ï process ¬O ¸ê·½ and compound ¬O process ªº µ²ªG.
(<=>
(instance ?COMPOUND CompoundSubstance)
(exists
(?ELEMENT1 ?ELEMENT2 ?PROCESS)
(and
(instance ?ELEMENT1 ElementalSubstance)
(instance ?ELEMENT2 ElementalSubstance)
(not
(equal ?ELEMENT1 ?ELEMENT2))
(instance ?PROCESS ChemicalSynthesis)
(resource ?PROCESS ?ELEMENT1)
(resource ?PROCESS ?ELEMENT2)
(result ?PROCESS ?COMPOUND))))
If combustion ¬O ¿U¿N ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ¥[·Å heat,¥ú½u light so that heat ¬O combustion ªº ¦¸¾úµ{ and light ¬O combustion ªº ¦¸¾úµ{.
(=>
(instance ?COMBUSTION Combustion)
(exists
(?HEAT ?LIGHT)
(and
(instance ?HEAT Heating)
(instance ?LIGHT RadiatingLight)
(subProcess ?HEAT ?COMBUSTION)
(subProcess ?LIGHT ?COMBUSTION))))
If change ¬O ¤º¦b§ïÅÜ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O change ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists property so that
(=>
(and
(instance ?CHANGE InternalChange)
(patient ?CHANGE ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PROPERTY)
(or
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?CHANGE))
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?CHANGE))
(not
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))))
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?CHANGE))
(not
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY)))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?CHANGE))
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))))))
If alt ¬O ªí±§ïÅÜ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O alt ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exist part,property so that part ¬O objªº ¥~ªí³¡¤À and property ¬O part ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""alt ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) "alt ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e and property ¬O part ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""alt ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "alt ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á.
(=>
(and
(instance ?ALT SurfaceChange)
(patient ?ALT ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PART ?PROPERTY)
(and
(superficialPart ?PART ?OBJ)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?ALT))
(attribute ?PART ?PROPERTY))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?ALT))
(not
(attribute ?PART ?PROPERTY))))))
If alt ¬O §Îª¬§ïÅÜ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O alt ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists §Îª¬ÄÝ©Ê property so that
(=>
(and
(instance ?ALT ShapeChange)
(patient ?ALT ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PROPERTY)
(and
(instance ?PROPERTY ShapeAttribute)
(or
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?ALT))
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?ALT))
(not
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))))
(and
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?ALT))
(not
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY)))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?ALT))
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY)))))))
If coloring ¬O µÛ¦â ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O coloring ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists ÃC¦âÄÝ©Ê property so that property ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""coloring ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) "coloring ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e and property ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""coloring ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "coloring ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á.
(=>
(and
(instance ?COLORING Coloring)
(patient ?COLORING ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PROPERTY)
(and
(instance ?PROPERTY ColorAttribute)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?COLORING))
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?COLORING))
(not
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROPERTY))))))
If develop ¬O ¤º®eµo®i ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¤º®e¸üÅé obj so that obj ¬O develop ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ.
(=>
(instance ?DEVELOP ContentDevelopment)
(exists
(?OBJ)
(and
(instance ?OBJ ContentBearingObject)
(patient ?DEVELOP ?OBJ))))
If read ¬O ¾\Ū ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ¤å¥» text,prop so that text (¤£) ¥]§ts) °T®§ %2 and read ªí¹F prop ªº ¤º®e.
(=>
(instance ?READ Reading)
(exists
(?TEXT ?PROP)
(and
(instance ?TEXT Text)
(containsInformation ?TEXT ?PROP)
(realization ?READ ?PROP))))
If decode ¬O ¸Ñ½X ªº ¹ê¨Ò and doc1 ¬O decode ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exist encode,doc2,time so that doc2 (¤£) ¥]§ts) °T®§ %2 and doc1 (¤£) ¥]§ts) °T®§ %2 and time ¬O ""decode ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤§«e" ªº ³¡¤À and encode ¬O ½s½X ªº ¹ê¨Ò and doc2 ¬O encode ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ timea(¤§¤¤) time.
(=>
(and
(instance ?DECODE Decoding)
(patient ?DECODE ?DOC1))
(exists
(?ENCODE ?DOC2 ?TIME)
(and
(containsInformation ?DOC2 ?PROP)
(containsInformation ?DOC1 ?PROP)
(temporalPart
?TIME
(PastFn
(WhenFn ?DECODE)))
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(and
(instance ?ENCODE Encoding)
(patient ?ENCODE ?DOC2))))))
If wet ¬O Àã¼í ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists obj so that ²GÅ骺 ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê and obj ¬O wet ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ.
(=>
(instance ?WET Wetting)
(exists
(?OBJ)
(and
(attribute ?OBJ Liquid)
(patient ?WET ?OBJ))))
If action ¬O ²£¥Í ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists result so that result ¬O action ªº µ²ªG.
(=>
(instance ?ACTION Creation)
(exists
(?RESULT)
(result ?ACTION ?RESULT)))
process ¬O ²£¥Í ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if there exists patient so that patient ¬O process ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and patient (¤£) ¦s¦bs ""process ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á" ´Á¶¡ and patient not(¤£) ¦s¦b ""process ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e" ´Á¶¡.
(<=>
(instance ?PROCESS Creation)
(exists
(?PATIENT)
(and
(patient ?PROCESS ?PATIENT)
(time
?PATIENT
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?PROCESS)))
(not
(time
?PATIENT
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?PROCESS)))))))
There exists «Øºc build so that artifact ¬O build ªº µ²ªG if and only if artifact ¬O ©T©w¤H³yª« ªº ¹ê¨Ò.
(<=>
(exists
(?BUILD)
(and
(instance ?BUILD Constructing)
(result ?BUILD ?ARTIFACT)))
(instance ?ARTIFACT StationaryArtifact))
If cook ¬O ²i¶¹ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¹ª« food so that food ¬O cook ªº µ²ªG.
(=>
(instance ?COOK Cooking)
(exists
(?FOOD)
(and
(instance ?FOOD Food)
(result ?COOK ?FOOD))))
If proc ¬O ¶EÂ_¾úµ{ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and proc ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ, then there exists cause so that proc ¹ïagent ¦³ ·N¹Ï "agent (¤£¡^ª¾¹Ds) %2".
(=>
(and
(instance ?PROC DiagnosticProcess)
(agent ?PROC ?AGENT))
(exists
(?CAUSE)
(hasPurposeForAgent
?PROC
(knows
?AGENT
(causes ?CAUSE ?PROC))
?AGENT)))
If interaction ¬O ¤H»Ú¤¬°Ê ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist agent1,agent2 so that interaction ¬O agent1 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and interaction ¬O agent2 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and agent1 µ¥©ó agent2.
(=>
(instance ?INTERACTION SocialInteraction)
(exists
(?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)
(and
(agent ?INTERACTION ?AGENT1)
(agent ?INTERACTION ?AGENT2)
(not
(equal ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)))))
If pretend ¬O °°¸Ë ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist person,prop so that pretend ¦³ ·N¹Ï "person (¤£)¬Û«H prop" and prop &$¬O ¯uªº.
(=>
(instance ?PRETEND Pretending)
(exists
(?PERSON ?PROP)
(and
(hasPurpose
?PRETEND
(believes ?PERSON ?PROP))
(true ?PROP True))))
If communicate ¬O ·¾³q ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ¤º®e¸üÅé obj,¨ã»{ª¾¤O¬I¨ÆªÌ agent1,¨ã»{ª¾¤O¬I¨ÆªÌ agent2 so that obj ¬O communicate ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and communicate ¬O agent1 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and communicate (¤£) ²×µ²not(s) agent2.
(=>
(instance ?COMMUNICATE Communication)
(exists
(?OBJ ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)
(and
(instance ?OBJ ContentBearingObject)
(patient ?COMMUNICATE ?OBJ)
(instance ?AGENT1 CognitiveAgent)
(agent ?COMMUNICATE ?AGENT1)
(instance ?AGENT2 CognitiveAgent)
(destination ?COMMUNICATE ?AGENT2))))
If disseminate ¬O ´²§G ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ¨ã»{ª¾¤O¬I¨ÆªÌ agent1,¨ã»{ª¾¤O¬I¨ÆªÌ agent2 so that disseminate (¤£) ²×µ²not(s) agent1 and disseminate (¤£) ²×µ²not(s) agent2 and agent1 µ¥©ó agent2.
(=>
(instance ?DISSEMINATE Disseminating)
(exists
(?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)
(and
(destination ?DISSEMINATE ?AGENT1)
(instance ?AGENT1 CognitiveAgent)
(destination ?DISSEMINATE ?AGENT2)
(instance ?AGENT2 CognitiveAgent)
(not
(equal ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)))))
If advert ¬O ¼s§i ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists obj so that advert °Ñ·Ó obj and advert ¦³ ·N¹Ï "there exists ¾P°â sale so that obj ¬O sale ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ".
(=>
(instance ?ADVERT Advertising)
(exists
(?OBJ)
(and
(refers ?ADVERT ?OBJ)
(hasPurpose
?ADVERT
(exists
(?SALE)
(and
(instance ?SALE Selling)
(patient ?SALE ?OBJ)))))))
If communicate ¬O »y¨¥·¾³q ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists »y¨¥ªí¦¡ obj so that obj ¬O communicate ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ.
(=>
(instance ?COMMUNICATE LinguisticCommunication)
(exists
(?OBJ)
(and
(instance ?OBJ LinguisticExpression)
(patient ?COMMUNICATE ?OBJ))))
If express ¬O ªí¹F ªº ¹ê¨Ò and express ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ, then there exists ¤ß²zª¬ºA state so that state ¬O agent ªº ÄÝ©Ê and express ªí¹F state.
(=>
(and
(instance ?EXPRESS Expressing)
(agent ?EXPRESS ?AGENT))
(exists
(?STATE)
(and
(instance ?STATE StateOfMind)
(attribute ?AGENT ?STATE)
(represents ?EXPRESS ?STATE))))
If declare ¬O «Å§i ªº ¹ê¨Ò and declare ¬O agent1 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ, then there exist proc,agent2 so that declare ½á¤© agent2 Åv¤O °õ¦æ Ãþ«¬ proc ¥ô°È or declare ½á¤© agent2 ¸q°È °õ¦æ Ãþ«¬ proc ¥ô°È.
(=>
(and
(instance ?DECLARE Declaring)
(agent ?DECLARE ?AGENT1))
(exists
(?PROC ?AGENT2)
(or
(confersRight ?PROC ?DECLARE ?AGENT2)
(confersObligation ?PROC ?DECLARE ?AGENT2))))
- if cooperate ¬O ¦X§@ ªº ¹ê¨Ò,
- then there exists purp so that for all agent holds: if cooperate ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ, then cooperate ¹ïagent ¦³ ·N¹Ï purp
.
(=>
(instance ?COOPERATE Cooperation)
(exists
(?PURP)
(forall
(?AGENT)
(=>
(agent ?COOPERATE ?AGENT)
(hasPurposeForAgent ?COOPERATE ?PURP ?AGENT)))))
If meet ¬O ·|± ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist agent1,agent2 so that meet ¬O agent1 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and meet ¬O agent2 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and meet ¦³ ·N¹Ï "there exists ·¾³q comm so that comm ¬O agent1 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and comm ¬O agent2 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ".
(=>
(instance ?MEET Meeting)
(exists
(?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)
(and
(agent ?MEET ?AGENT1)
(agent ?MEET ?AGENT2)
(hasPurpose
?MEET
(exists
(?COMM)
(and
(instance ?COMM Communication)
(agent ?COMM ?AGENT1)
(agent ?COMM ?AGENT2)))))))
If contest ¬O Ävª§ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist agent1,agent2,purp1,purp2 so that contest ¬O agent1 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and contest ¬O agent2 ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and contest ¹ïagent1 ¦³ ·N¹Ï purp1 and contest ¹ïagent2 ¦³ ·N¹Ï purp2 and agent1 µ¥©ó agent2 and purp1 µ¥©ó purp2.
(=>
(instance ?CONTEST Contest)
(exists
(?AGENT1 ?AGENT2 ?PURP1 ?PURP2)
(and
(agent ?CONTEST ?AGENT1)
(agent ?CONTEST ?AGENT2)
(hasPurposeForAgent ?CONTEST ?PURP1 ?AGENT1)
(hasPurposeForAgent ?CONTEST ?PURP2 ?AGENT2)
(not
(equal ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2))
(not
(equal ?PURP1 ?PURP2)))))
If war ¬O ¾Ôª§ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¾Ô§Ð battle so that battle ¬O war ªº ¦¸¾úµ{.
(=>
(instance ?WAR War)
(exists
(?BATTLE)
(and
(instance ?BATTLE Battle)
(subProcess ?BATTLE ?WAR))))
If battle ¬O ¾Ô§Ð ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¾Ôª§ war so that battle ¬O war ªº ¦¸¾úµ{.
(=>
(instance ?BATTLE Battle)
(exists
(?WAR)
(and
(instance ?WAR War)
(subProcess ?BATTLE ?WAR))))
If battle ¬O ¾Ô§Ð ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¼É¤O©ÊªºÄvª§ attack so that attack ¬O battle ªº ¦¸¾úµ{.
(=>
(instance ?BATTLE Battle)
(exists
(?ATTACK)
(and
(instance ?ATTACK ViolentContest)
(subProcess ?ATTACK ?BATTLE))))
If move ¬O ½Õ»º ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists Ävª§ contest so that move ¬O contest ªº ¦¸¾úµ{.
(=>
(instance ?MOVE Maneuver)
(exists
(?CONTEST)
(and
(instance ?CONTEST Contest)
(subProcess ?MOVE ?CONTEST))))
If see ¬O ¬Ý ªº ¹ê¨Ò and see ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and obj ¬O see ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then
(=>
(and
(instance ?SEE Seeing)
(agent ?SEE ?AGENT)
(patient ?SEE ?OBJ))
(and
(attribute ?OBJ Illuminated)
(exists
(?PROP)
(and
(instance ?PROP ColorAttribute)
(knows
?AGENT
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROP))))))
If smell ¬O »D ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O smell ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists ¶åıÄÝ©Ê attr so that attr ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê.
(=>
(and
(instance ?SMELL Smelling)
(patient ?SMELL ?OBJ))
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR OlfactoryAttribute)
(attribute ?OBJ ?ATTR))))
If taste ¬O ¨ýı ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O taste ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists ¨ýıÄÝ©Ê attr so that attr ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê.
(=>
(and
(instance ?TASTE Tasting)
(patient ?TASTE ?OBJ))
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR TasteAttribute)
(attribute ?OBJ ?ATTR))))
If hear ¬O Å¥ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O hear ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists ÁnµÄÝ©Ê attr so that attr ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê.
(=>
(and
(instance ?HEAR Hearing)
(patient ?HEAR ?OBJ))
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR SoundAttribute)
(attribute ?OBJ ?ATTR))))
If tactile ¬O IJı ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists IJ°Ê touch so that touch ¬O tactile ªº ¦¸¾úµ{.
(=>
(instance ?TACTILE TactilePerception)
(exists
(?TOUCH)
(and
(instance ?TOUCH Touching)
(subProcess ?TOUCH ?TACTILE))))
There exists ¥ú½u emit so that region ¬O emit ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and region ¬O °Ï°ì ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if ³Q¥ú·Óªº ¬O region ªº ÄÝ©Ê.
(<=>
(exists
(?EMIT)
(and
(instance ?EMIT RadiatingLight)
(patient ?EMIT ?REGION)
(instance ?REGION Region)))
(attribute ?REGION Illuminated))
If emit ¬O Ánµ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and emit ¬O sound ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ, then there exists ÁnµÄÝ©Ê attr so that attr ¬O sound ªº ÄÝ©Ê.
(=>
(and
(instance ?EMIT RadiatingSound)
(agent ?EMIT ?SOUND))
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR SoundAttribute)
(attribute ?SOUND ?ATTR))))
If process ¬O ª¬ºA§ïÅÜ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O process ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exist part,ª«²zª¬ºA state1,ª«²zª¬ºA state2 so that part ¬O obj ªº ³¡¤À) and state1 µ¥©ó state2 and state1 ¬O part ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""process ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) "process ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e and state2 ¬O part ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""freeze ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "freeze ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á.
(=>
(and
(instance ?PROCESS StateChange)
(patient ?PROCESS ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PART ?STATE1 ?STATE2)
(and
(part ?PART ?OBJ)
(instance ?STATE1 PhysicalState)
(instance ?STATE2 PhysicalState)
(not
(equal ?STATE1 ?STATE2))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?PROCESS))
(attribute ?PART ?STATE1))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?FREEZE))
(attribute ?PART ?STATE2)))))
If melt ¬O º²¤Æ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¥[·Å heat so that heat ¬O melt ªº ¦¸¾úµ{.
(=>
(instance ?MELT Melting)
(exists
(?HEAT)
(and
(instance ?HEAT Heating)
(subProcess ?HEAT ?MELT))))
If melt ¬O º²¤Æ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O melt ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists part so that part ¬O obj ªº ³¡¤À) and ©TÅ骺 ¬O part ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""melt ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) "melt ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e and ²GÅ骺 ¬O part ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""melt ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "melt ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á.
(=>
(and
(instance ?MELT Melting)
(patient ?MELT ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PART)
(and
(part ?PART ?OBJ)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?MELT))
(attribute ?PART Solid))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?MELT))
(attribute ?PART Liquid)))))
If boil ¬O ªmÄË ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¥[·Å heat so that heat ¬O boil ªº ¦¸¾úµ{.
(=>
(instance ?BOIL Boiling)
(exists
(?HEAT)
(and
(instance ?HEAT Heating)
(subProcess ?HEAT ?BOIL))))
If boil ¬O ªmÄË ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O boil ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists part so that part ¬O obj ªº ³¡¤À) and ²GÅ骺 ¬O part ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""boil ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) "boil ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e and ®ðÅé ¬O part ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""boil ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "boil ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á.
(=>
(and
(instance ?BOIL Boiling)
(patient ?BOIL ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PART)
(and
(part ?PART ?OBJ)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?BOIL))
(attribute ?PART Liquid))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?BOIL))
(attribute ?PART Gas)))))
If cond ¬O ¾®µ² ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists °·Å cool so that cool ¬O cond ªº ¦¸¾úµ{.
(=>
(instance ?COND Condensing)
(exists
(?COOL)
(and
(instance ?COOL Cooling)
(subProcess ?COOL ?COND))))
If cond ¬O ¾®µ² ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O cond ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists part so that part ¬O obj ªº ³¡¤À) and ®ðÅé ¬O part ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""cond ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) "cond ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e and ²GÅ骺 ¬O part ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""cond ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "cond ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á.
(=>
(and
(instance ?COND Condensing)
(patient ?COND ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PART)
(and
(part ?PART ?OBJ)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?COND))
(attribute ?PART Gas))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?COND))
(attribute ?PART Liquid)))))
If freeze ¬O ¾®©T ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists °·Å cool so that cool ¬O freeze ªº ¦¸¾úµ{.
(=>
(instance ?FREEZE Freezing)
(exists
(?COOL)
(and
(instance ?COOL Cooling)
(subProcess ?COOL ?FREEZE))))
If freeze ¬O ¾®©T ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O freeze ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists part so that part ¬O obj ªº ³¡¤À) and ²GÅ骺 ¬O part ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""freeze ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) "freeze ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«e and ©TÅ骺 ¬O part ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""freeze ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á"a(¤§¤¤) "freeze ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ¤£¤[ ¤§«á.
(=>
(and
(instance ?FREEZE Freezing)
(patient ?FREEZE ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PART)
(and
(part ?PART ?OBJ)
(holdsDuring
(ImmediatePastFn
(WhenFn ?FREEZE))
(attribute ?PART Liquid))
(holdsDuring
(ImmediateFutureFn
(WhenFn ?FREEZE))
(attribute ?PART Solid)))))
If area ¬O ¤ô°ì ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist bed,hole,¤ô water so that "¬} hole ªº ¥DÅé" µ¥©ó bed and water (¨S) ¾A·í¶ñ¥Rs hole and "bed ©M water ªº Áp¶°" µ¥©ó area.
(=>
(instance ?AREA WaterArea)
(exists
(?BED ?HOLE ?WATER)
(and
(equal
(PrincipalHostFn ?HOLE)
?BED)
(instance ?WATER Water)
(properlyFills ?WATER ?HOLE)
(equal
(MereologicalSumFn ?BED ?WATER)
?AREA))))
If land1 ¬O ³°¦a ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists land2 so that land1 ¬O land2 ªº ³¡¤À) and land2 ¬O ¤j³° ªº ¹ê¨Ò or land2 ¬O ®qÀ¬ ªº ¹ê¨Ò.
(=>
(instance ?LAND1 LandArea)
(exists
(?LAND2)
(and
(part ?LAND1 ?LAND2)
(or
(instance ?LAND2 Continent)
(instance ?LAND2 Island)))))
If island ¬O ®qÀ¬ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there don't exist ³°¦a area,part1,part2 so that part1 ¬O island ªº ³¡¤À) and part2 ¬O area ªº ³¡¤À) and island ¬O area ªº ³¡¤À) and area ¬O island ªº ³¡¤À) and part1 »P part2 ¬Û³s.
(=>
(instance ?ISLAND Island)
(not
(exists
(?AREA ?PART1 ?PART2)
(and
(instance ?AREA LandArea)
(part ?PART1 ?ISLAND)
(part ?PART2 ?AREA)
(not
(part ?ISLAND ?AREA))
(not
(part ?AREA ?ISLAND))
(connected ?PART1 ?PART2)))))
If state ¬O ¦{©Î¬Ù ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists °ê®a land so that state ¬O land ªº ¥¿³¡¤À.
(=>
(instance ?STATE StateOrProvince)
(exists
(?LAND)
(and
(instance ?LAND Nation)
(properPart ?STATE ?LAND))))
If obj ªº µo®i§Î¦¡ ¬O attr1 time1a(¤§¤¤) time1 and attr2 ¬O attr1 ªº «Ê³¬Äò±µÄÝ©Ê, then there exists time2 so that time2 (¨S) ¤ñ time1 ¸û¦ µo¥Ínot(s) and obj ªº µo®i§Î¦¡ ¬O attr2 time2a(¤§¤¤) time2.
(=>
(and
(holdsDuring
?TIME1
(developmentalForm ?OBJ ?ATTR1))
(successorAttributeClosure ?ATTR2 ?ATTR1))
(exists
(?TIME2)
(and
(earlier ?TIME2 ?TIME1)
(holdsDuring
?TIME2
(developmentalForm ?OBJ ?ATTR2)))))
If organism ¬O ¥Íª«Åé ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ½Ï¥Í birth so that organism (¨S) ÅéÅçnot(s) birth.
(=>
(instance ?ORGANISM Organism)
(exists
(?BIRTH)
(and
(instance ?BIRTH Birth)
(experiencer ?BIRTH ?ORGANISM))))
If organism ¦ís ¦b obj, then there exists time so that organism ¦ì©ó obj timea(¤§¤¤) time.
(=>
(inhabits ?ORGANISM ?OBJ)
(exists
(?TIME)
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(located ?ORGANISM ?OBJ))))
If organism ¬O ¥Íª«Åé ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists parent so that parent ¬O organism ªº Âù¿Ë.
(=>
(instance ?ORGANISM Organism)
(exists
(?PARENT)
(parent ?ORGANISM ?PARENT)))
animal1 ¬O animal2 ªº ¥S§Ì©n©f if and only if there exist father,mother so that father ¬O animal1 ªº ¤÷¿Ë and father ¬O animal2 ªº ¤÷¿Ë and mother ¬O animal1 ªº ¥À¿Ë and mother ¬O animal2 ªº ¥À¿Ë.
(<=>
(sibling ?ANIMAL1 ?ANIMAL2)
(exists
(?FATHER ?MOTHER)
(and
(father ?ANIMAL1 ?FATHER)
(father ?ANIMAL2 ?FATHER)
(mother ?ANIMAL1 ?MOTHER)
(mother ?ANIMAL2 ?MOTHER))))
If alga ¬O ĦÃþ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¤ô water so that alga ¦ís ¦b water.
(=>
(instance ?ALGA Alga)
(exists
(?WATER)
(and
(inhabits ?ALGA ?WATER)
(instance ?WATER Water))))
- if bacterium ¬O ²Óµß ªº ¹ê¨Ò,
- then there exists ²ÓM cell1 so that cell1 ¬O bacterium ªº ¤¸¥ó and for all cell2 holds: if cell2 ¬O bacterium ªº ¤¸¥ó and cell2 ¬O ²ÓM ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then cell1 µ¥©ó cell2
.
(=>
(instance ?BACTERIUM Bacterium)
(exists
(?CELL1)
(and
(component ?CELL1 ?BACTERIUM)
(instance ?CELL1 Cell)
(forall
(?CELL2)
(=>
(and
(component ?CELL2 ?BACTERIUM)
(instance ?CELL2 Cell))
(equal ?CELL1 ?CELL2))))))
- if virus ¬O ¯f¬r ªº ¹ê¨Ò,
- then there exists ¤À¤l mol1 so that mol1 ¬O virus ªº ¤¸¥ó and for all mol2 holds: if mol2 ¬O virus ªº ¤¸¥ó and mol2 ¬O ¤À¤l ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then mol1 µ¥©ó mol2
.
(=>
(instance ?VIRUS Virus)
(exists
(?MOL1)
(and
(component ?MOL1 ?VIRUS)
(instance ?MOL1 Molecule)
(forall
(?MOL2)
(=>
(and
(component ?MOL2 ?VIRUS)
(instance ?MOL2 Molecule))
(equal ?MOL1 ?MOL2))))))
If virus ¬O ¯f¬r ªº ¹ê¨Ò and proc ¬O ½Æ»s ªº ¹ê¨Ò and proc ¬O virus ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ, then there exists ²ÓM cell so that proc ¦ì©ó cell.
(=>
(and
(instance ?VIRUS Virus)
(instance ?PROC Replication)
(agent ?PROC ?VIRUS))
(exists
(?CELL)
(and
(located ?PROC ?CELL)
(instance ?CELL Cell))))
If fish ¬O ³½Ãþ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¤ô water so that fish ¦ís ¦b water.
(=>
(instance ?FISH Fish)
(exists
(?WATER)
(and
(inhabits ?FISH ?WATER)
(instance ?WATER Water))))
If organism ¬O ¬r©Ê¥Íª« ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¬¡©Ê¥Íª«ª«½è substance so that substance ¬O organism ªº ³¡¤À).
(=>
(instance ?ORGANISM ToxicOrganism)
(exists
(?SUBSTANCE)
(and
(instance ?SUBSTANCE BiologicallyActiveSubstance)
(part ?SUBSTANCE ?ORGANISM))))
If food ¬O ¹ª« ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¾i¥÷ nutrient so that nutrient ¬O food ªº ³¡¤À).
(=>
(instance ?FOOD Food)
(exists
(?NUTRIENT)
(and
(instance ?NUTRIENT Nutrient)
(part ?NUTRIENT ?FOOD))))
- if food ¬O ¹ª« ªº ¹ê¨Ò,
- then for all part1 holds: if part1 ¬O food ªº ³¡¤À), then there exist part2,°Êª« animal so that part1 ¬O part2 ªº ³¡¤À) and part2 ¬O animal ªº ³¡¤À)
.
(=>
(instance ?FOOD Food)
(forall
(?PART1)
(=>
(part ?PART1 ?FOOD)
(exists
(?PART2 ?ANIMAL)
(and
(part ?PART1 ?PART2)
(part ?PART2 ?ANIMAL)
(instance ?ANIMAL Animal))))))
- if meat ¬O ¦× ªº ¹ê¨Ò,
- then for all part holds: if part ¬O meat ªº ³¡¤À), then there exist subpart,time,animal so that subpart ¬O part ªº ³¡¤À) and animal ¬O °Êª« ªº ¹ê¨Ò and subpart ¬O animal ªº ³¡¤À) timea(¤§¤¤) time
.
(=>
(instance ?MEAT Meat)
(forall
(?PART)
(=>
(part ?PART ?MEAT)
(exists
(?SUBPART ?TIME ?ANIMAL)
(and
(part ?SUBPART ?PART)
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(and
(instance ?ANIMAL Animal)
(part ?SUBPART ?ANIMAL))))))))
- if veg ¬O ½ªG ªº ¹ê¨Ò,
- then for all part holds: if part ¬O veg ªº ³¡¤À), then there exist subpart,time,plant so that subpart ¬O part ªº ³¡¤À) and plant ¬O ´Óª« ªº ¹ê¨Ò and subpart ¬O plant ªº ³¡¤À) timea(¤§¤¤) time
.
(=>
(instance ?VEG FruitOrVegetable)
(forall
(?PART)
(=>
(part ?PART ?VEG)
(exists
(?SUBPART ?TIME ?PLANT)
(and
(part ?SUBPART ?PART)
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(and
(instance ?PLANT Plant)
(part ?SUBPART ?PLANT))))))))
If anat ¬O ¸Ñåºc³y ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¥Íª«Åé organism so that anat ¬O organism ªº ³¡¤À).
(=>
(instance ?ANAT AnatomicalStructure)
(exists
(?ORGANISM)
(and
(instance ?ORGANISM Organism)
(part ?ANAT ?ORGANISM))))
If part ¬O ¸Ñåºc³y ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ²ÓM cell so that cell ¬O part ªº ³¡¤À).
(=>
(instance ?PART AnatomicalStructure)
(exists
(?CELL)
(and
(instance ?CELL Cell)
(part ?CELL ?PART))))
If part ¬O ÂßÅ鳡¥ó ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there doesn't exist ¯f²z¾úµ{ proc so that part ¬O proc ªº µ²ªG.
(=>
(instance ?PART BodyPart)
(not
(exists
(?PROC)
(and
(instance ?PROC PathologicProcess)
(result ?PROC ?PART)))))
If cover ¬O ÂßÅéªí±¡]Âл\ª«¡^ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists body so that cover ¬O bodyªº ¥~ªí³¡¤À and body ¬O ¥Íª«Åé ªº ¹ê¨Ò or body ¬O ÂßÅ鳡¥ó ªº ¹ê¨Ò.
(=>
(instance ?COVER BodyCovering)
(exists
(?BODY)
(and
(superficialPart ?COVER ?BODY)
(or
(instance ?BODY Organism)
(instance ?BODY BodyPart)))))
If junct ¬O ÂßÅé±µÂI ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ÂßÅ鳡¥ó struct so that junct ¬O struct ªº ¤¸¥ó.
(=>
(instance ?JUNCT BodyJunction)
(exists
(?STRUCT)
(and
(instance ?STRUCT BodyPart)
(component ?JUNCT ?STRUCT))))
If junct ¬O ÂßÅé±µÂI ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ÂßÅ鳡¥ó struct1,ÂßÅ鳡¥ó struct2 so that junct »P struct1 ¬Û³s and junct »P struct2 ¬Û³s and struct1 µ¥©ó struct2.
(=>
(instance ?JUNCT BodyJunction)
(exists
(?STRUCT1 ?STRUCT2)
(and
(connected ?JUNCT ?STRUCT1)
(connected ?JUNCT ?STRUCT2)
(instance ?STRUCT1 BodyPart)
(instance ?STRUCT2 BodyPart)
(not
(equal ?STRUCT1 ?STRUCT2)))))
If organ ¬O ¾¹©x ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists purp so that organ ¦³ ·N¹Ï purp.
(=>
(instance ?ORGAN Organ)
(exists
(?PURP)
(hasPurpose ?ORGAN ?PURP)))
If stuff ¬O ²Õ´ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ²ÓM part so that part ¬O stuff ªº ³¡¤À).
(=>
(instance ?STUFF Tissue)
(exists
(?PART)
(and
(instance ?PART Cell)
(part ?PART ?STUFF))))
If stuff ¬O ²Õ´ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¥Íª«Åé organism so that stuff ¬O organism ªº ³¡¤À).
(=>
(instance ?STUFF Tissue)
(exists
(?ORGANISM)
(and
(instance ?ORGANISM Organism)
(part ?STUFF ?ORGANISM))))
If bone ¬O °©Àf ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¯á´Õ°Êª« vert so that bone ¬O vert ªº ³¡¤À).
(=>
(instance ?BONE Bone)
(exists
(?VERT)
(and
(instance ?VERT Vertebrate)
(part ?BONE ?VERT))))
If morph ¬O µü¯À ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there doesn't exist µü¯À othermorph so that othermorph ¬O morph ªº ³¡¤À) and othermorph µ¥©ó morph.
(=>
(instance ?MORPH Morpheme)
(not
(exists
(?OTHERMORPH)
(and
(instance ?OTHERMORPH Morpheme)
(part ?OTHERMORPH ?MORPH)
(not
(equal ?OTHERMORPH ?MORPH))))))
If morph ¬O µü¯À ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists µü word so that morph ¬O word ªº ³¡¤À).
(=>
(instance ?MORPH Morpheme)
(exists
(?WORD)
(and
(instance ?WORD Word)
(part ?MORPH ?WORD))))
If word ¬O µü ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists µü¯À part so that part ¬O word ªº ³¡¤À).
(=>
(instance ?WORD Word)
(exists
(?PART)
(and
(part ?PART ?WORD)
(instance ?PART Morpheme))))
If phrase ¬O µü²Õ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist µü part1,µü part2 so that part1 ¬O phrase ªº ³¡¤À) and part2 ¬O phrase ªº ³¡¤À) and part1 µ¥©ó part2.
(=>
(instance ?PHRASE Phrase)
(exists
(?PART1 ?PART2)
(and
(part ?PART1 ?PHRASE)
(part ?PART2 ?PHRASE)
(instance ?PART1 Word)
(instance ?PART2 Word)
(not
(equal ?PART1 ?PART2)))))
If sentence ¬O ¥y¤l ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ¦Wµüµü²Õ phrase1,°Êµüµü²Õ phrase2 so that phrase1 ¬O sentence ªº ³¡¤À) and phrase2 ¬O sentence ªº ³¡¤À).
(=>
(instance ?SENTENCE Sentence)
(exists
(?PHRASE1 ?PHRASE2)
(and
(instance ?PHRASE1 NounPhrase)
(instance ?PHRASE2 VerbPhrase)
(part ?PHRASE1 ?SENTENCE)
(part ?PHRASE2 ?SENTENCE))))
If text ¬O ¤å¥» ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ©RÃD prop so that text (¤£) ¥]§ts) °T®§ %2.
(=>
(instance ?TEXT Text)
(exists
(?PROP)
(and
(instance ?PROP Proposition)
(containsInformation ?TEXT ?PROP))))
If text ¬O ¤å¥» ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¥y¤l part so that part ¬O text ªº ³¡¤À).
(=>
(instance ?TEXT Text)
(exists
(?PART)
(and
(part ?PART ?TEXT)
(instance ?PART Sentence))))
If text ¬O ¤å¥» ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¼g§@ write so that text ¬O write ªº µ²ªG.
(=>
(instance ?TEXT Text)
(exists
(?WRITE)
(and
(instance ?WRITE Writing)
(result ?WRITE ?TEXT))))
If sent ¬O ¥y¤l ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ¦Wµüµü²Õ noun,°Êµüµü²Õ verb so that noun ¬O sent ªº ³¡¤À) and verb ¬O sent ªº ³¡¤À).
(=>
(instance ?SENT Sentence)
(exists
(?NOUN ?VERB)
(and
(instance ?NOUN NounPhrase)
(instance ?VERB VerbPhrase)
(part ?NOUN ?SENT)
(part ?VERB ?SENT))))
If §@ªÌ(agent,text) holds, then there exist process,text instance so that process ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and text ¬O process ªº µ²ªG.
(=>
(authors ?AGENT ?TEXT)
(exists
(?PROCESS ?INSTANCE)
(and
(agent ?PROCESS ?AGENT)
(instance ?INSTANCE ?TEXT)
(result ?PROCESS ?TEXT))))
org ¥Xª© text if and only if there exists ¥Xª© pub so that pub ¬O org ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and text ¬O pub ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ.
(<=>
(publishes ?ORG ?TEXT)
(exists
(?PUB)
(and
(instance ?PUB Publication)
(agent ?PUB ?ORG)
(patient ?PUB ?TEXT))))
If text ¬O ºKn ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¤å¥» text2 so that text2 ¥]®e text.
(=>
(instance ?TEXT Summary)
(exists
(?TEXT2)
(and
(instance ?TEXT2 Text)
(subsumesContentInstance ?TEXT2 ?TEXT))))
If series ¬O ¨t¦C¥Zª« ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ®ÑÄy book1,®ÑÄy book2 so that series ¥]®e book1 and series ¥]®e book2 and book1 µ¥©ó book2.
(=>
(instance ?SERIES Series)
(exists
(?BOOK1 ?BOOK2)
(and
(instance ?BOOK1 Book)
(instance ?BOOK2 Book)
(subsumesContentInstance ?SERIES ?BOOK1)
(subsumesContentInstance ?SERIES ?BOOK2)
(not
(equal ?BOOK1 ?BOOK2)))))
If article ¬O ¤å³¹ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ®ÑÄy book so that book ¥]®e article.
(=>
(instance ?ARTICLE Article)
(exists
(?BOOK)
(and
(instance ?BOOK Book)
(subsumesContentInstance ?BOOK ?ARTICLE))))
If doc ¬O ÃÒ®Ñ ªº ¹ê¨Ò and agent (¨S) ¾Ö¦³not(s) doc, then there exists proc so that doc ½á¤© agent Åv¤O °õ¦æ Ãþ«¬ proc ¥ô°È or doc ½á¤© agent ¸q°È °õ¦æ Ãþ«¬ proc ¥ô°È.
(=>
(and
(instance ?DOC Certificate)
(possesses ?AGENT ?DOC))
(exists
(?PROC)
(or
(confersRight ?PROC ?DOC ?AGENT)
(confersObligation ?PROC ?DOC ?AGENT))))
If mole ¬O ¤À¤l ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist ì¤l atom1,ì¤l atom2 so that atom1 ¬O mole ªº ³¡¤À) and atom2 ¬O mole ªº ³¡¤À) and atom1 µ¥©ó atom2.
(=>
(instance ?MOLE Molecule)
(exists
(?ATOM1 ?ATOM2)
(and
(instance ?ATOM1 Atom)
(instance ?ATOM2 Atom)
(part ?ATOM1 ?MOLE)
(part ?ATOM2 ?MOLE)
(not
(equal ?ATOM1 ?ATOM2)))))
artifact ¬O ¤H³yª« ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if there exists »s§@ making so that artifact ¬O making ªº µ²ªG.
(<=>
(instance ?ARTIFACT Artifact)
(exists
(?MAKING)
(and
(instance ?MAKING Making)
(result ?MAKING ?ARTIFACT))))
If product ¬O ²£«~ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¥Í²£ manufacture so that product ¬O manufacture ªº µ²ªG.
(=>
(instance ?PRODUCT Product)
(exists
(?MANUFACTURE)
(and
(instance ?MANUFACTURE Manufacture)
(result ?MANUFACTURE ?PRODUCT))))
- if artifact ¬O ©T©w¤H³yª« ªº ¹ê¨Ò,
- then there exists place so that for all time holds: if time (¨S) µo¥Í?{s} ¦b ""artifact ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ªº µ²§ô" ©Î ¤§«e and ""artifact ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ªº ¶}©l" (¨S) µo¥Í?{s} ¦b time ©Î ¤§«e, then "artifact ¦b time ªº time¦ì¸m" µ¥©ó place
.
(=>
(instance ?ARTIFACT StationaryArtifact)
(exists
(?PLACE)
(forall
(?TIME)
(=>
(and
(beforeOrEqual
?TIME
(EndFn
(WhenFn ?ARTIFACT)))
(beforeOrEqual
(BeginFn
(WhenFn ?ARTIFACT))
?TIME))
(equal
(WhereFn ?ARTIFACT ?TIME)
?PLACE)))))
If building ¬O «Ø¿vª« ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¤HÃþ human so that - human ¦ís ¦b building
or - there exists act so that act ¬O human ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ and act ¦ì©ó building
.
(=>
(instance ?BUILDING Building)
(exists
(?HUMAN)
(and
(instance ?HUMAN Human)
(or
(inhabits ?HUMAN ?BUILDING)
(exists
(?ACT)
(and
(agent ?ACT ?HUMAN)
(located ?ACT ?BUILDING)))))))
If room ¬O ©Ð¶¡ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists «Ø¿vª« build so that room ¬O build ªº ¥¿³¡¤À.
(=>
(instance ?ROOM Room)
(exists
(?BUILD)
(and
(instance ?BUILD Building)
(properPart ?ROOM ?BUILD))))
If clothing ¬O ¦çª« ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ´ª« fabric so that fabric ¬O clothing ªº ³¡¤À).
(=>
(instance ?CLOTHING Clothing)
(exists
(?FABRIC)
(and
(instance ?FABRIC Fabric)
(part ?FABRIC ?CLOTHING))))
If device ¬O ¸Ë¸m ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¾úµ{ proc so that device ¥i¥H ¥ô¨¤¦â ¤u¨ã °µ proc.
(=>
(instance ?DEVICE Device)
(exists
(?PROC)
(and
(subclass ?PROC Process)
(capability ?PROC instrument ?DEVICE))))
If device ¬O ¸Ë¸m ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¾úµ{ proc so that device ¦³ ·N¹Ï "device ¥i¥H ¥ô¨¤¦â ¤u¨ã °µ proc".
(=>
(instance ?DEVICE Device)
(exists
(?PROC)
(and
(subclass ?PROC Process)
(hasPurpose
?DEVICE
(capability ?PROC instrument ?DEVICE)))))
If weapon ¬O ªZ¾¹ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then weapon ¦³ ·N¹Ï "there exist ·l®` dest,patient so that patient ¬O dest ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ and ".
(=>
(instance ?WEAPON Weapon)
(hasPurpose
?WEAPON
(exists
(?DEST ?PATIENT)
(and
(instance ?DEST Damaging)
(patient ?DEST ?PATIENT)
(or
(instance ?PATIENT StationaryArtifact)
(instance ?PATIENT Animal)
(exists
(?ANIMAL)
(and
(instance ?ANIMAL Animal)
(inhabits ?ANIMAL ?PATIENT))))))))
- if machine ¬O ¾÷¾¹ ªº ¹ê¨Ò,
- then for all proc holds: if machine ¹ï proc ¬O ¤u¨ã, then there exist resource,result so that resource ¹ï proc ¬O ¸ê·½ and result ¬O proc ªº µ²ªG
.
(=>
(instance ?MACHINE Machine)
(forall
(?PROC)
(=>
(instrument ?PROC ?MACHINE)
(exists
(?RESOURCE ?RESULT)
(and
(resource ?PROC ?RESOURCE)
(result ?PROC ?RESULT))))))
If comp ¬O ¤uµ{¤¸¥ó ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¸Ë¸m device so that comp ¬O device ªº ¤¸¥ó.
(=>
(instance ?COMP EngineeringComponent)
(exists
(?DEVICE)
(and
(instance ?DEVICE Device)
(component ?COMP ?DEVICE))))
comp1 »P comp2 ³sµ² if and only if there exists connection so that connection ³sµ² comp1 ©M comp2.
(<=>
(connectedEngineeringComponents ?COMP1 ?COMP2)
(exists
(?CONNECTION)
(connectsEngineeringComponents ?CONNECTION ?COMP1 ?COMP2)))
If connection ¬O ¤uµ{³sµ²¤¸¥ó ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exist comp1,comp2 so that connection ³sµ² comp1 ©M comp2.
(=>
(instance ?CONNECTION EngineeringConnection)
(exists
(?COMP1 ?COMP2)
(connectsEngineeringComponents ?CONNECTION ?COMP1 ?COMP2)))
If organism1 ©M organism2 ¬ÛÃö, then there exists organism3 so that organism3 ©M organism1 ¬ÛÃö and organism3 ©M organism2 ¬ÛÃö.
(=>
(familyRelation ?ORGANISM1 ?ORGANISM2)
(exists
(?ORGANISM3)
(and
(familyRelation ?ORGANISM3 ?ORGANISM1)
(familyRelation ?ORGANISM3 ?ORGANISM2))))
If pol ¬O ¬Fªv²Õ´ ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¬Fªv¾úµ{ proc so that proc ¬O pol ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ.
(=>
(instance ?POL PoliticalOrganization)
(exists
(?PROC)
(and
(instance ?PROC PoliticalProcess)
(agent ?PROC ?POL))))
If plan ¬O pµe ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O ¤º®e¸üÅé ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj (¤£) ¥]§ts) °T®§ %2, then there exists pµe planning so that obj ¬O planning ªº µ²ªG.
(=>
(and
(instance ?PLAN Plan)
(instance ?OBJ ContentBearingObject)
(containsInformation ?OBJ ?PLAN))
(exists
(?PLANNING)
(and
(instance ?PLANNING Planning)
(result ?PLANNING ?OBJ))))
If plan ¬O pµe ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists purp so that plan ¦³ ·N¹Ï purp.
(=>
(instance ?PLAN Plan)
(exists
(?PURP)
(hasPurpose ?PLAN ?PURP)))
If org (¨S) ¶±¥Înot(s) person, then there exists position so that person ¦û position ªº ¾¦ì ¦b org.
(=>
(employs ?ORG ?PERSON)
(exists
(?POSITION)
(occupiesPosition ?PERSON ?POSITION ?ORG)))
If agent ¦³¸q°È °õ¦æ Ãþ«¬ process ¥ô°È, then ³¯z "there exists process instance so that instance ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ" ¦³ ¸q°È ªº «¬ºA·N¸q.
(=>
(holdsObligation ?PROCESS ?AGENT)
(modalAttribute
(exists
(?INSTANCE)
(and
(instance ?INSTANCE ?PROCESS)
(agent ?INSTANCE ?AGENT)))
Obligation))
If agent ¦³ Åv ¨Ï process ¬°¯u, then ³¯z "there exists process instance so that instance ¬O agent ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ" ¦³ ³\¥i ªº «¬ºA·N¸q.
(=>
(holdsRight ?PROCESS ?AGENT)
(modalAttribute
(exists
(?INSTANCE)
(and
(instance ?INSTANCE ?PROCESS)
(agent ?INSTANCE ?AGENT)))
Permission))
If attr ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê and attr ¬O Ävª§ÄÝ©Ê ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists Ävª§ contest so that contest ¬O obj ªº ¬I¨ÆªÌ or obj ¬O contest ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ.
(=>
(and
(attribute ?OBJ ?ATTR)
(instance ?ATTR ContestAttribute))
(exists
(?CONTEST)
(and
(instance ?CONTEST Contest)
(or
(agent ?CONTEST ?OBJ)
(patient ?CONTEST ?OBJ)))))
obj ¬O ª«½è ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if there exists ª«²zª¬ºA attr so that attr ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê.
(<=>
(instance ?OBJ Substance)
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR PhysicalState)
(attribute ?OBJ ?ATTR))))
If perception ¬O ª¾Ä± ªº ¹ê¨Ò and obj ¬O perception ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then there exists ª¾Ä±ÄÝ©Ê prop so that prop ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê.
(=>
(and
(instance ?PERCEPTION Perception)
(patient ?PERCEPTION ?OBJ))
(exists
(?PROP)
(and
(instance ?PROP PerceptualAttribute)
(attribute ?OBJ ?PROP))))
If obj ¬O ¹ª« ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¨ýıÄÝ©Ê attr so that attr ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê.
(=>
(instance ?OBJ Food)
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR TasteAttribute)
(attribute ?OBJ ?ATTR))))
If ¦h±mªº ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê, then there exist part1,part2,ÃC¦âÄÝ©Ê color1,ÃC¦âÄÝ©Ê color2 so that part1 ¬O objªº ¥~ªí³¡¤À and part2 ¬O objªº ¥~ªí³¡¤À and color1 ¬O part1 ªº ÄÝ©Ê and color2 ¬O part2 ªº ÄÝ©Ê and color1 µ¥©ó color2.
(=>
(attribute ?OBJ Polychromatic)
(exists
(?PART1 ?PART2 ?COLOR1 ?COLOR2)
(and
(superficialPart ?PART1 ?OBJ)
(superficialPart ?PART2 ?OBJ)
(attribute ?PART1 ?COLOR1)
(attribute ?PART2 ?COLOR2)
(instance ?COLOR1 ColorAttribute)
(instance ?COLOR2 ColorAttribute)
(not
(equal ?COLOR1 ?COLOR2)))))
If there exists §Îª¬§ïÅÜ change so that obj ¬O change ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ, then ¥iÅܧΪº ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê.
(=>
(exists
(?CHANGE)
(and
(instance ?CHANGE ShapeChange)
(patient ?CHANGE ?OBJ)))
(attribute ?OBJ Pliable))
If °®ªº ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê, then there doesn't exist subobj so that subobj ¬O obj ªº ³¡¤À) and ²GÅ骺 ¬O subobj ªº ÄÝ©Ê.
(=>
(attribute ?OBJ Dry)
(not
(exists
(?SUBOBJ)
(and
(part ?SUBOBJ ?OBJ)
(attribute ?SUBOBJ Liquid)))))
- if À㪺 ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê,
- then for all part holds: if part ¬O obj ªº ³¡¤À), then there exists subpart so that subpart ¬O part ªº ³¡¤À) and ²GÅ骺 ¬O subpart ªº ÄÝ©Ê
.
(=>
(attribute ?OBJ Wet)
(forall
(?PART)
(=>
(part ?PART ?OBJ)
(exists
(?SUBPART)
(and
(part ?SUBPART ?PART)
(attribute ?SUBPART Liquid))))))
If ¤£©ö¸Hªº ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê, then there doesn't exist ·l®` damage so that obj ¬O damage ªº ¨ü¨ÆªÌ.
(=>
(attribute ?OBJ Unbreakable)
(not
(exists
(?DAMAGE)
(and
(instance ?DAMAGE Damaging)
(patient ?DAMAGE ?OBJ)))))
If org ¬O ¥Íª«Åé ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ¦³¥ÍÄÝ©Ê attr so that attr ¬O org ªº ÄÝ©Ê.
(=>
(instance ?ORG Organism)
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR AnimacyAttribute)
(attribute ?ORG ?ATTR))))
If animal ¬O °Êª« ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists ©Ê§OÄÝ©Ê attr so that attr ¬O animal ªº ÄÝ©Ê.
(=>
(instance ?ANIMAL Animal)
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR SexAttribute)
(attribute ?ANIMAL ?ATTR))))
If §¹¥þ§Î¦¨ªº ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê, then there exists ¥Íªø growth so that obj (¨S) ÅéÅçnot(s) growth and ¥¼§¹¥þ§Î¦¨ªº ¬O obj ªº ÄÝ©Ê ""obj ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ªº ¶}©l"a(¤§¤¤) "obj ¦s¦b ªº ®É¶¡" ªº ¶}©l.
(=>
(attribute ?OBJ FullyFormed)
(exists
(?GROWTH)
(and
(instance ?GROWTH Growth)
(experiencer ?GROWTH ?OBJ)
(holdsDuring
(BeginFn
(WhenFn ?OBJ))
(attribute ?OBJ NonFullyFormed)))))
If org ¬O ¥Íª«Åé ªº ¹ê¨Ò, then there exists µo®iÄÝ©Ê attr so that attr ¬O org ªº ÄÝ©Ê.
(=>
(instance ?ORG Organism)
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR DevelopmentalAttribute)
(attribute ?ORG ?ATTR))))
If ¥®Å骺 ¬O org ªº ÄÝ©Ê timea(¤§¤¤) time, then there exists ½Ï¥Í birth so that org (¨S) ÅéÅçnot(s) birth "time ¤§«e"a(¤§¤¤) time ¤§«e.
(=>
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(attribute ?ORG Larval))
(holdsDuring
(PastFn ?TIME)
(exists
(?BIRTH)
(and
(instance ?BIRTH Birth)
(experiencer ?BIRTH ?ORG)))))
If FLªº ¬O org ªº ÄÝ©Ê, then there exists ¥Í´Þºc³y body so that org ¦ì©ó body.
(=>
(attribute ?ORG Embryonic)
(exists
(?BODY)
(and
(instance ?BODY ReproductiveBody)
(located ?ORG ?BODY))))
If FLªº ¬O org ªº ÄÝ©Ê timea(¤§¤¤) time, then there doesn't exist ½Ï¥Í birth so that org (¨S) ÅéÅçnot(s) birth timea(¤§¤¤) time.
(=>
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(attribute ?ORG Embryonic))
(holdsDuring
?TIME
(not
(exists
(?BIRTH)
(and
(instance ?BIRTH Birth)
(experiencer ?BIRTH ?ORG))))))
agent ¬O ¯àª¾Ä±ªº¦æ¬°¥DÅé ªº ¹ê¨Ò and ¬¡ªº ¬O agent ªº ÄÝ©Ê if and only if there exists ·NÃÑÄÝ©Ê attr so that attr ¬O agent ªº ÄÝ©Ê.
(<=>
(and
(instance ?AGENT SentientAgent)
(attribute ?AGENT Living))
(exists
(?ATTR)
(and
(instance ?ATTR ConsciousnessAttribute)
(attribute ?AGENT ?ATTR))))
entity ¬O "superclass ªº ©Ò¦³ ¤¸¯À ªº Áp¶°" ªº ¹ê¨Ò if and only if there exists superclass class so that entity ¬O class ªº ¹ê¨Ò.
(<=>
(instance
?ENTITY
(GeneralizedUnionFn ?SUPERCLASS))
(exists
(?CLASS)
(and
(instance ?CLASS ?SUPERCLASS)
(instance ?ENTITY ?CLASS))))