歷程 (Process)

Intuitively, the class of things that happen and have temporal parts or stages. Examples include extended events like a football match or a race, actions like Searching and Reading, and biological processes. The formal definition is: anything that lasts for a time but is not an Object. Note that a Process may have participants 'inside' it which are Objects, such as the players in a football match. In a 4D ontology, a Process is something whose spatiotemporal extent is thought of as dividing into temporal stages roughly perpendicular to the time-axis.

Ontology

SUMO / BASE-ONTOLOGY

Superclass(es)

實體

物質的

歷程

Subclass(es)

雙受事歷程意向性歷程移動內在改變形狀改變

Coordinate term(s)

物體

Constrains relations

施事者能力肇因次類肇因賦予義務賦予權力終點方向經驗者次數有技巧須使...為真有權使...為真抑制工具方式/情狀起源受事者先決條件避免實現資源結果次歷程

Related WordNet synsets

event: something that happens at a given place and time
change: the act of changing something; "the change of government had no impact on the economy"; "his change on abortion cost him the election"
alteration, modification, adjustment: the act of making something different (as e.g. the size of a garment)
change of state: the act of changing something into something different in essential characteristics
transformation, translation: the act of transforming; "a photograph is a translation of a scene onto a two-dimensional surface"
occurrence: an instance of something occurring; "a disease of frequent occurrence"; "the occurrence (or presence) of life on other planets"
be, occur: happen or come to pass; "I lost my wallet; this was during the visit to my parents' house"; "There were two hundred people at his funeral"; "There was a lot of noise in the kitchen"

See more related synsets on a separate page.

Axioms (6)

物質的完全分割成物體,歷程.

(partition Physical Object Process)

If process 是歷程的實例, then there exists cause so that process 是 cause 的施事者.

(=>
      (instance ?PROCESS Process)
      (exists
            (?CAUSE)
            (agent ?PROCESS ?CAUSE)))

If proc1 是歷程的實例, then there exists proc2 so that proc2 (不) 造成 proc1.

(=>
      (instance ?PROC1 Process)
      (exists
            (?PROC2)
            (causes ?PROC2 ?PROC1)))

If proc 是歷程的實例 and subproc 是 proc 的次歷�{, then there exists time so that subproc (不) 存在s time 期間.

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?PROC Process)
            (subProcess ?SUBPROC ?PROC))
      (exists
            (?TIME)
            (time ?SUBPROC ?TIME)))

If device 是裝置的實例, then there exists 歷程 proc so that device 可以任角色工具做 proc.

(=>
      (instance ?DEVICE Device)
      (exists
            (?PROC)
            (and
                  (subclass ?PROC Process)
                  (capability ?PROC instrument ?DEVICE))))

If device 是裝置的實例, then there exists 歷程 proc so that device 有意圖 "device 可以任角色工具做 proc".

(=>
      (instance ?DEVICE Device)
      (exists
            (?PROC)
            (and
                  (subclass ?PROC Process)
                  (hasPurpose
                        ?DEVICE
                        (capability ?PROC instrument ?DEVICE)))))