bu4 fen5 (part)

The basic mereological relation. All other mereological relations are defined in terms of this one. (part part whole) simply means that the Object part is part of the Object whole. Note that, since part is a ReflexiveRelation, every Object is a part of itself.

Ontology

SUMO / BASE-ONTOLOGY

Class(es)

zhong3 lei4

ke3 ji4 cheng2 guan1 xi4

kong1 jian1 guan1 xi4
is instance of

pian1 xu4 guan1 xi4
is instance of

bu4 fen5

Superrelation(s)

bu4 fen5 wei4 yu1

wei4 yu1

bu4 fen5

Subrelation(s)

zheng4 bu4 fen5 shi4 wu4 de5 yi1 xiao3 bu4 fen5 yuan2 jian4 cheng2 yuan2 wai4 biao3 bu4 fen5 na4 bu4

Coordinate term(s)

fan3 mian4 han2 shu4 zheng4 mian4 han2 shu4 bu4 fen5 zheng3 ti1 cha4 yi4 han2 shu4 bu4 fen5 zheng3 ti1 jiao1 ji2 han2 shu4 bu4 fen5 zheng3 ti1 jia1 zong1 han2 shu4 zhu3 ti1 han2 shu4 biao3 pi2 han2 shu4 wei4 zhi4 han2 shu4 xian1 yu1 huo4 tong5 shi2 jie4 yu1 xiang1 lian2 de5 xiang1 lian2 ju4 li2 da4 yu1 huo4 deng3 yu1 dong4 da4 yu1 xiao3 yu1 huo4 deng3 yu1 wei4 yu1 xiang4 dui4 fang1 wei4 bu4 fen5 tian2 chong1 bu4 fen5 wei4 yu1 xiao3 yu1 ci4 shu3 xing4 ci4 xu4 lie4 ci4 li4 cheng2 ci4 zhong3 lei4 ci4 guan1 xi4 bao1 han2 xun4 xi1 zhong3 lei4 bao1 han2 xun4 xi1 shi2 li4 heng2 yue4

Type restrictions

part(wu4 ti1, wu4 ti1)

Related WordNet synsets

comprehension, comprising: the act of comprising something
part, piece: a portion of a natural object; "they analyzed the river into three parts"; "he needed a piece of granite"
part, portion, component part, component: something determined in relation to something that includes it; "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself"; "I read a portion of the manuscript"; "the smaller component is hard to reach"

See more related synsets on a separate page.

Axioms (57)

If obj shi4 zi4 shen1 lian2 xu4 wu4 ti1 de5 shi2 li4, then "obj de5 zheng4 mian4" shi4 obj de5 bu4 fen5).

(=>
      (instance ?OBJ SelfConnectedObject)
      (part
            (FrontFn ?OBJ)
            ?OBJ))

If obj shi4 zi4 shen1 lian2 xu4 wu4 ti1 de5 shi2 li4, then "obj de5 fan3 mian4" shi4 obj de5 bu4 fen5).

(=>
      (instance ?OBJ SelfConnectedObject)
      (part
            (BackFn ?OBJ)
            ?OBJ))

obj1 shi4 obj2 de5 zheng4 bu4 fen5 if and only if obj1 shi4 obj2 de5 bu4 fen5) and obj2 shi4 obj1 de5 bu4 fen5).

(<=>
      (properPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
      (and
            (part ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
            (not
                  (part ?OBJ2 ?OBJ1))))

If objecttype shi4 wu4 zhi4 de5 ci4 zhong3 lei4 and object shi4 objecttype de5 shi2 li4 and part shi4 object de5 bu4 fen5), then part shi4 objecttype de5 shi2 li4.

(=>
      (and
            (subclass ?OBJECTTYPE Substance)
            (instance ?OBJECT ?OBJECTTYPE)
            (part ?PART ?OBJECT))
      (instance ?PART ?OBJECTTYPE))

If obj shi4 wu4 zhi4 de5 shi2 li4 and attr shi4 obj de5 shu3 xing4 and part shi4 obj de5 bu4 fen5), then attr shi4 part de5 shu3 xing4.

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?OBJ Substance)
            (attribute ?OBJ ?ATTR)
            (part ?PART ?OBJ))
      (attribute ?PART ?ATTR))

If particle shi4 ci4 yuan2 zi3 li4 zi3 de5 shi2 li4, then there exists yuan2 zi3 atom so_that_not particle shi4 atom de5 bu4 fen5).

(=>
      (instance ?PARTICLE SubatomicParticle)
      (exists
            (?ATOM)
            (and
                  (instance ?ATOM Atom)
                  (part ?PARTICLE ?ATOM))))

If string shi4 fu2 hao4 chuan4 de5 shi2 li4, then there exists zi4 yuan2 part so_that_not part shi4 string de5 bu4 fen5).

(=>
      (instance ?STRING SymbolicString)
      (exists
            (?PART)
            (and
                  (part ?PART ?STRING)
                  (instance ?PART Character))))

if obj wei4 yu1 region,
then for all subobj holds: if subobj shi4 obj de5 bu4 fen5), then subobj wei4 yu1 region

(=>
      (located ?OBJ ?REGION)
      (forall
            (?SUBOBJ)
            (=>
                  (part ?SUBOBJ ?OBJ)
                  (located ?SUBOBJ ?REGION))))

If obj bu4 fen5 wei4 yu1 region, then there exists subobj so_that_not subobj shi4 obj de5 bu4 fen5) and subobj jing1 que4 wei4 yu1 region.

(=>
      (partlyLocated ?OBJ ?REGION)
      (exists
            (?SUBOBJ)
            (and
                  (part ?SUBOBJ ?OBJ)
                  (exactlyLocated ?SUBOBJ ?REGION))))

obj1 (mei2) yu3 obj2 zhong4 die2s if and only if there exists obj3 so_that_not obj3 shi4 obj1 de5 bu4 fen5) and obj3 shi4 obj2 de5 bu4 fen5).

(<=>
      (overlapsSpatially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
      (exists
            (?OBJ3)
            (and
                  (part ?OBJ3 ?OBJ1)
                  (part ?OBJ3 ?OBJ2))))

obj1 (mei2) yu3 obj2 bu4 fen5 zhong4 die2s if and only if

obj1 shi4 obj2 de5 bu4 fen5)
obj2 shi4 obj1 de5 bu4 fen5)
there exists obj3 so_that_not obj3 shi4 obj1 de5 bu4 fen5) and obj3 shi4 obj2 de5 bu4 fen5)

(<=>
      (overlapsPartially ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
      (and
            (not
                  (part ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))
            (not
                  (part ?OBJ2 ?OBJ1))
            (exists
                  (?OBJ3)
                  (and
                        (part ?OBJ3 ?OBJ1)
                        (part ?OBJ3 ?OBJ2)))))

if obj1 shi4 obj2 de5 biao3 mian4,
then for all obj3 holds: if obj3 shi4 obj2de5 wai4 biao3 bu4 fen5, then obj3 shi4 obj1 de5 bu4 fen5)

(=>
      (surface ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)
      (forall
            (?OBJ3)
            (=>
                  (superficialPart ?OBJ3 ?OBJ2)
                  (part ?OBJ3 ?OBJ1))))

If object de5 di3 bu4 shi4 bottom and part shi4 object de5 bu4 fen5) and part yu3 bottom xiang1 lian2, then part dui4 bottom shi4 zai4...zhi1 shang4.

(=>
      (and
            (bottom ?BOTTOM ?OBJECT)
            (part ?PART ?OBJECT)
            (not
                  (connected ?PART ?BOTTOM)))
      (orientation ?PART ?BOTTOM Above))

If object de5 ding3 duan1 shi4 top and part shi4 object de5 bu4 fen5) and part yu3 top xiang1 lian2, then part dui4 top shi4 zai4...zhi1 xia4.

(=>
      (and
            (top ?TOP ?OBJECT)
            (part ?PART ?OBJECT)
            (not
                  (connected ?PART ?TOP)))
      (orientation ?PART ?TOP Below))

If object de5 ce4 mian4 shi4 side and part shi4 object de5 bu4 fen5) and part yu3 side xiang1 lian2, then there exists direct so_that_not side dui4 part shi4 direct.

(=>
      (and
            (side ?SIDE ?OBJECT)
            (part ?PART ?OBJECT)
            (not
                  (connected ?PART ?SIDE)))
      (exists
            (?DIRECT)
            (orientation ?SIDE ?PART ?DIRECT)))

If obj3 deng3 yu1 "obj1 he2 obj2 de5 lian2 ji2", then for all part holds: part shi4 obj3 de5 bu4 fen5) if and only if part shi4 obj1 de5 bu4 fen5) or part shi4 obj2 de5 bu4 fen5).

(=>
      (equal
            ?OBJ3
            (MereologicalSumFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))
      (forall
            (?PART)
            (<=>
                  (part ?PART ?OBJ3)
                  (or
                        (part ?PART ?OBJ1)
                        (part ?PART ?OBJ2)))))

If obj3 deng3 yu1 "obj1 he2 obj2 de5 jiao1 ji2", then for all part holds: part shi4 obj3 de5 bu4 fen5) if and only if part shi4 obj1 de5 bu4 fen5) and part shi4 obj2 de5 bu4 fen5).

(=>
      (equal
            ?OBJ3
            (MereologicalProductFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))
      (forall
            (?PART)
            (<=>
                  (part ?PART ?OBJ3)
                  (and
                        (part ?PART ?OBJ1)
                        (part ?PART ?OBJ2)))))

If obj3 deng3 yu1 "obj1 he2 obj2 de5 cha4 yi4", then for all part holds: part shi4 obj3 de5 bu4 fen5) if and only if part shi4 obj1 de5 bu4 fen5) and part shi4 obj2 de5 bu4 fen5).

(=>
      (equal
            ?OBJ3
            (MereologicalDifferenceFn ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))
      (forall
            (?PART)
            (<=>
                  (part ?PART ?OBJ3)
                  (and
                        (part ?PART ?OBJ1)
                        (not
                              (part ?PART ?OBJ2))))))

if hole1 zai4 obj shi4 dong4 and hole2 zai4 obj shi4 dong4,
then for all hole3 holds: if hole3 shi4 "hole1 he2 hole2 de5 lian2 ji2" de5 bu4 fen5), then hole3 zai4 obj shi4 dong4

(=>
      (and
            (hole ?HOLE1 ?OBJ)
            (hole ?HOLE2 ?OBJ))
      (forall
            (?HOLE3)
            (=>
                  (part
                        ?HOLE3
                        (MereologicalSumFn ?HOLE1 ?HOLE2))
                  (hole ?HOLE3 ?OBJ))))

If hole zai4 obj1 shi4 dong4 and obj1 shi4 obj2 de5 bu4 fen5), then hole (mei2) yu3 obj2 zhong4 die2s or hole zai4 obj2 shi4 dong4.

(=>
      (and
            (hole ?HOLE ?OBJ1)
            (part ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))
      (or
            (overlapsSpatially ?HOLE ?OBJ2)
            (hole ?HOLE ?OBJ2)))

ke3 tian2 chong1 de5 shi4 hole1 de5 shu3 xing4 if and only if there exists dong4 hole2 so_that_not hole1 shi4 hole2 de5 bu4 fen5).

(<=>
      (attribute ?HOLE1 Fillable)
      (exists
            (?HOLE2)
            (and
                  (instance ?HOLE2 Hole)
                  (part ?HOLE1 ?HOLE2))))

If obj (mei2) bu4 fen5 tian2 chong1s hole1, then there exists hole2 so_that_not hole2 shi4 hole1 de5 bu4 fen5) and obj (mei2) tian2 chong1s hole2.

(=>
      (partiallyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE1)
      (exists
            (?HOLE2)
            (and
                  (part ?HOLE2 ?HOLE1)
                  (completelyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE2))))

If obj (mei2) shi4 dang4 tian2 chong1s hole1, then there exists hole2 so_that_not hole2 shi4 hole1 de5 bu4 fen5) and obj (mei2) tian2 chong1s hole2.

(=>
      (properlyFills ?OBJ ?HOLE1)
      (exists
            (?HOLE2)
            (and
                  (part ?HOLE2 ?HOLE1)
                  (fills ?OBJ ?HOLE2))))

If obj1 (mei2) tian2 chong1s hole, then there exists obj2 so_that_not obj2 shi4 obj1 de5 bu4 fen5) and obj2 (mei2) tian2 chong1s hole.

(=>
      (completelyFills ?OBJ1 ?HOLE)
      (exists
            (?OBJ2)
            (and
                  (part ?OBJ2 ?OBJ1)
                  (fills ?OBJ2 ?HOLE))))

If path shi4 bing4 li3 li4 cheng2 de5 shi2 li4 and org (mei2) ti3 yan4not(s) path, then there exist part,ji2 bing4 huo4 zheng4 hou4 qun2 disease so_that_not part shi4 org de5 bu4 fen5) and disease shi4 part de5 shu3 xing4.

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?PATH PathologicProcess)
            (experiencer ?PATH ?ORG))
      (exists
            (?PART ?DISEASE)
            (and
                  (part ?PART ?ORG)
                  (instance ?DISEASE DiseaseOrSyndrome)
                  (attribute ?PART ?DISEASE))))

if
- path1 ban4 sui2 process fa1 sheng1 de5 processlu4 jing4
- process (bu2) qi3 yuan2s yu1 source
- process (bu2) zhong1 jie2not(s) dest
- path1 de5 chang2 du4 shi4 measure1
- there don't exist path2,measure2 so_that_not path2 ban4 sui2 process fa1 sheng1 de5 processlu4 jing4 and process (bu2) qi3 yuan2s yu1 origin and process (bu2) zhong1 jie2not(s) dest and path2 de5 chang2 du4 shi4 measure2 and measure2 xiao3 yu1 measure1
,
then for all obj holds: if obj shi4 path1 de5 bu4 fen5), then obj jie4 yu1 source he2 dest zhong1 jian1

(=>
      (and
            (path ?PROCESS ?PATH1)
            (origin ?PROCESS ?SOURCE)
            (destination ?PROCESS ?DEST)
            (length ?PATH1 ?MEASURE1)
            (not
                  (exists
                        (?PATH2 ?MEASURE2)
                        (and
                              (path ?PROCESS ?PATH2)
                              (origin ?PROCESS ?ORIGIN)
                              (destination ?PROCESS ?DEST)
                              (length ?PATH2 ?MEASURE2)
                              (lessThan ?MEASURE2 ?MEASURE1)))))
      (forall
            (?OBJ)
            (=>
                  (part ?OBJ ?PATH1)
                  (between ?SOURCE ?OBJ ?DEST))))

If proc shi4 zhi4 liao2 li4 cheng2 de5 shi2 li4 and bio shi4 proc de5 shou4 shi4 zhe3, then

bio shi4 sheng1 wu4 ti1 de5 shi2 li4
there exists sheng1 wu4 ti1 org so_that_not bio shi4 org de5 bu4 fen5)

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?PROC TherapeuticProcess)
            (patient ?PROC ?BIO))
      (or
            (instance ?BIO Organism)
            (exists
                  (?ORG)
                  (and
                        (instance ?ORG Organism)
                        (part ?BIO ?ORG)))))

combine shi4 jie2 he2 de5 shi2 li4 and obj1 dui4 combine shi4 zi1 yuan2 and obj2 shi4 combine de5 jie2 guo3 if and only if obj1 shi4 obj2 de5 bu4 fen5) ""combine cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 qian2"a(zhi1 zhong1) "combine cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 qian2 and obj1 shi4 obj2 de5 bu4 fen5) ""combine cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 hou4"a(zhi1 zhong1) "combine cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 hou4.

(<=>
      (and
            (instance ?COMBINE Combining)
            (resource ?COMBINE ?OBJ1)
            (result ?COMBINE ?OBJ2))
      (and
            (holdsDuring
                  (ImmediatePastFn
                        (WhenFn ?COMBINE))
                  (not
                        (part ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2)))
            (holdsDuring
                  (ImmediateFutureFn
                        (WhenFn ?COMBINE))
                  (part ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))))

If process shi4 zhuang4 tai4 gai3 bian4 de5 shi2 li4 and obj shi4 process de5 shou4 shi4 zhe3, then there exist part,wu4 li3 zhuang4 tai4 state1,wu4 li3 zhuang4 tai4 state2 so_that_not part shi4 obj de5 bu4 fen5) and state1 deng3 yu1 state2 and state1 shi4 part de5 shu3 xing4 ""process cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 qian2"a(zhi1 zhong1) "process cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 qian2 and state2 shi4 part de5 shu3 xing4 ""freeze cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 hou4"a(zhi1 zhong1) "freeze cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 hou4.

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?PROCESS StateChange)
            (patient ?PROCESS ?OBJ))
      (exists
            (?PART ?STATE1 ?STATE2)
            (and
                  (part ?PART ?OBJ)
                  (instance ?STATE1 PhysicalState)
                  (instance ?STATE2 PhysicalState)
                  (not
                        (equal ?STATE1 ?STATE2))
                  (holdsDuring
                        (ImmediatePastFn
                              (WhenFn ?PROCESS))
                        (attribute ?PART ?STATE1))
                  (holdsDuring
                        (ImmediateFutureFn
                              (WhenFn ?FREEZE))
                        (attribute ?PART ?STATE2)))))

If melt shi4 rong2 hua4 de5 shi2 li4 and obj shi4 melt de5 shou4 shi4 zhe3, then there exists part so_that_not part shi4 obj de5 bu4 fen5) and gu4 ti1 de5 shi4 part de5 shu3 xing4 ""melt cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 qian2"a(zhi1 zhong1) "melt cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 qian2 and ye4 ti1 de5 shi4 part de5 shu3 xing4 ""melt cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 hou4"a(zhi1 zhong1) "melt cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 hou4.

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?MELT Melting)
            (patient ?MELT ?OBJ))
      (exists
            (?PART)
            (and
                  (part ?PART ?OBJ)
                  (holdsDuring
                        (ImmediatePastFn
                              (WhenFn ?MELT))
                        (attribute ?PART Solid))
                  (holdsDuring
                        (ImmediateFutureFn
                              (WhenFn ?MELT))
                        (attribute ?PART Liquid)))))

If boil shi4 fei4 teng2 de5 shi2 li4 and obj shi4 boil de5 shou4 shi4 zhe3, then there exists part so_that_not part shi4 obj de5 bu4 fen5) and ye4 ti1 de5 shi4 part de5 shu3 xing4 ""boil cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 qian2"a(zhi1 zhong1) "boil cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 qian2 and qi4 ti3 shi4 part de5 shu3 xing4 ""boil cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 hou4"a(zhi1 zhong1) "boil cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 hou4.

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?BOIL Boiling)
            (patient ?BOIL ?OBJ))
      (exists
            (?PART)
            (and
                  (part ?PART ?OBJ)
                  (holdsDuring
                        (ImmediatePastFn
                              (WhenFn ?BOIL))
                        (attribute ?PART Liquid))
                  (holdsDuring
                        (ImmediateFutureFn
                              (WhenFn ?BOIL))
                        (attribute ?PART Gas)))))

If cond shi4 ning2 jie2 de5 shi2 li4 and obj shi4 cond de5 shou4 shi4 zhe3, then there exists part so_that_not part shi4 obj de5 bu4 fen5) and qi4 ti3 shi4 part de5 shu3 xing4 ""cond cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 qian2"a(zhi1 zhong1) "cond cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 qian2 and ye4 ti1 de5 shi4 part de5 shu3 xing4 ""cond cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 hou4"a(zhi1 zhong1) "cond cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 hou4.

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?COND Condensing)
            (patient ?COND ?OBJ))
      (exists
            (?PART)
            (and
                  (part ?PART ?OBJ)
                  (holdsDuring
                        (ImmediatePastFn
                              (WhenFn ?COND))
                        (attribute ?PART Gas))
                  (holdsDuring
                        (ImmediateFutureFn
                              (WhenFn ?COND))
                        (attribute ?PART Liquid)))))

If freeze shi4 ning2 gu4 de5 shi2 li4 and obj shi4 freeze de5 shou4 shi4 zhe3, then there exists part so_that_not part shi4 obj de5 bu4 fen5) and ye4 ti1 de5 shi4 part de5 shu3 xing4 ""freeze cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 qian2"a(zhi1 zhong1) "freeze cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 qian2 and gu4 ti1 de5 shi4 part de5 shu3 xing4 ""freeze cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 hou4"a(zhi1 zhong1) "freeze cun2 zai4 de5 shi2 jian1" bu4 jiu3 zhi1 hou4.

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?FREEZE Freezing)
            (patient ?FREEZE ?OBJ))
      (exists
            (?PART)
            (and
                  (part ?PART ?OBJ)
                  (holdsDuring
                        (ImmediatePastFn
                              (WhenFn ?FREEZE))
                        (attribute ?PART Liquid))
                  (holdsDuring
                        (ImmediateFutureFn
                              (WhenFn ?FREEZE))
                        (attribute ?PART Solid)))))

If land1 shi4 lu4 di4 de5 shi2 li4, then there exists land2 so_that_not land1 shi4 land2 de5 bu4 fen5) and land2 shi4 da4 lu4 de5 shi2 li4 or land2 shi4 dao3 yu3 de5 shi2 li4.

(=>
      (instance ?LAND1 LandArea)
      (exists
            (?LAND2)
            (and
                  (part ?LAND1 ?LAND2)
                  (or
                        (instance ?LAND2 Continent)
                        (instance ?LAND2 Island)))))

If island shi4 dao3 yu3 de5 shi2 li4, then there don't exist lu4 di4 area,part1,part2 so_that_not part1 shi4 island de5 bu4 fen5) and part2 shi4 area de5 bu4 fen5) and island shi4 area de5 bu4 fen5) and area shi4 island de5 bu4 fen5) and part1 yu3 part2 xiang1 lian2.

(=>
      (instance ?ISLAND Island)
      (not
            (exists
                  (?AREA ?PART1 ?PART2)
                  (and
                        (instance ?AREA LandArea)
                        (part ?PART1 ?ISLAND)
                        (part ?PART2 ?AREA)
                        (not
                              (part ?ISLAND ?AREA))
                        (not
                              (part ?AREA ?ISLAND))
                        (connected ?PART1 ?PART2)))))

If organism shi4 du2 xing4 sheng1 wu4 de5 shi2 li4, then there exists huo2 xing4 sheng1 wu4 wu4 zhi4 substance so_that_not substance shi4 organism de5 bu4 fen5).

(=>
      (instance ?ORGANISM ToxicOrganism)
      (exists
            (?SUBSTANCE)
            (and
                  (instance ?SUBSTANCE BiologicallyActiveSubstance)
                  (part ?SUBSTANCE ?ORGANISM))))

If food shi4 shi2 wu4 de5 shi2 li4, then there exists yang3 fen4 nutrient so_that_not nutrient shi4 food de5 bu4 fen5).

(=>
      (instance ?FOOD Food)
      (exists
            (?NUTRIENT)
            (and
                  (instance ?NUTRIENT Nutrient)
                  (part ?NUTRIENT ?FOOD))))

if food shi4 shi2 wu4 de5 shi2 li4,
then for all part1 holds: if part1 shi4 food de5 bu4 fen5), then there exist part2,dong4 wu4 animal so_that_not part1 shi4 part2 de5 bu4 fen5) and part2 shi4 animal de5 bu4 fen5)

(=>
      (instance ?FOOD Food)
      (forall
            (?PART1)
            (=>
                  (part ?PART1 ?FOOD)
                  (exists
                        (?PART2 ?ANIMAL)
                        (and
                              (part ?PART1 ?PART2)
                              (part ?PART2 ?ANIMAL)
                              (instance ?ANIMAL Animal))))))

if meat shi4 rou4 de5 shi2 li4,
then for all part holds: if part shi4 meat de5 bu4 fen5), then there exist subpart,time,animal so_that_not subpart shi4 part de5 bu4 fen5) and animal shi4 dong4 wu4 de5 shi2 li4 and subpart shi4 animal de5 bu4 fen5) timea(zhi1 zhong1) time

(=>
      (instance ?MEAT Meat)
      (forall
            (?PART)
            (=>
                  (part ?PART ?MEAT)
                  (exists
                        (?SUBPART ?TIME ?ANIMAL)
                        (and
                              (part ?SUBPART ?PART)
                              (holdsDuring
                                    ?TIME
                                    (and
                                          (instance ?ANIMAL Animal)
                                          (part ?SUBPART ?ANIMAL))))))))

if veg shi4 shu1 guo3 de5 shi2 li4,
then for all part holds: if part shi4 veg de5 bu4 fen5), then there exist subpart,time,plant so_that_not subpart shi4 part de5 bu4 fen5) and plant shi4 zhi2 wu4 de5 shi2 li4 and subpart shi4 plant de5 bu4 fen5) timea(zhi1 zhong1) time

(=>
      (instance ?VEG FruitOrVegetable)
      (forall
            (?PART)
            (=>
                  (part ?PART ?VEG)
                  (exists
                        (?SUBPART ?TIME ?PLANT)
                        (and
                              (part ?SUBPART ?PART)
                              (holdsDuring
                                    ?TIME
                                    (and
                                          (instance ?PLANT Plant)
                                          (part ?SUBPART ?PLANT))))))))

If anat shi4 jie3 pou1 gou4 zao4 de5 shi2 li4, then there exists sheng1 wu4 ti1 organism so_that_not anat shi4 organism de5 bu4 fen5).

(=>
      (instance ?ANAT AnatomicalStructure)
      (exists
            (?ORGANISM)
            (and
                  (instance ?ORGANISM Organism)
                  (part ?ANAT ?ORGANISM))))

If part shi4 jie3 pou1 gou4 zao4 de5 shi2 li4, then there exists xi4 bao1 cell so_that_not cell shi4 part de5 bu4 fen5).

(=>
      (instance ?PART AnatomicalStructure)
      (exists
            (?CELL)
            (and
                  (instance ?CELL Cell)
                  (part ?CELL ?PART))))

If stuff shi4 zu3 zhi1 de5 shi2 li4, then there exists xi4 bao1 part so_that_not part shi4 stuff de5 bu4 fen5).

(=>
      (instance ?STUFF Tissue)
      (exists
            (?PART)
            (and
                  (instance ?PART Cell)
                  (part ?PART ?STUFF))))

If stuff shi4 zu3 zhi1 de5 shi2 li4, then there exists sheng1 wu4 ti1 organism so_that_not stuff shi4 organism de5 bu4 fen5).

(=>
      (instance ?STUFF Tissue)
      (exists
            (?ORGANISM)
            (and
                  (instance ?ORGANISM Organism)
                  (part ?STUFF ?ORGANISM))))

If bone shi4 gu3 ge2 de5 shi2 li4, then there exists ji3 zhui1 dong4 wu4 vert so_that_not bone shi4 vert de5 bu4 fen5).

(=>
      (instance ?BONE Bone)
      (exists
            (?VERT)
            (and
                  (instance ?VERT Vertebrate)
                  (part ?BONE ?VERT))))

If morph shi4 ci2 su4 de5 shi2 li4, then there doesn't exist ci2 su4 othermorph so_that_not othermorph shi4 morph de5 bu4 fen5) and othermorph deng3 yu1 morph.

(=>
      (instance ?MORPH Morpheme)
      (not
            (exists
                  (?OTHERMORPH)
                  (and
                        (instance ?OTHERMORPH Morpheme)
                        (part ?OTHERMORPH ?MORPH)
                        (not
                              (equal ?OTHERMORPH ?MORPH))))))

If morph shi4 ci2 su4 de5 shi2 li4, then there exists ci2 word so_that_not morph shi4 word de5 bu4 fen5).

(=>
      (instance ?MORPH Morpheme)
      (exists
            (?WORD)
            (and
                  (instance ?WORD Word)
                  (part ?MORPH ?WORD))))

If word shi4 ci2 de5 shi2 li4, then there exists ci2 su4 part so_that_not part shi4 word de5 bu4 fen5).

(=>
      (instance ?WORD Word)
      (exists
            (?PART)
            (and
                  (part ?PART ?WORD)
                  (instance ?PART Morpheme))))

If phrase shi4 ci2 zu3 de5 shi2 li4, then there exist ci2 part1,ci2 part2 so_that_not part1 shi4 phrase de5 bu4 fen5) and part2 shi4 phrase de5 bu4 fen5) and part1 deng3 yu1 part2.

(=>
      (instance ?PHRASE Phrase)
      (exists
            (?PART1 ?PART2)
            (and
                  (part ?PART1 ?PHRASE)
                  (part ?PART2 ?PHRASE)
                  (instance ?PART1 Word)
                  (instance ?PART2 Word)
                  (not
                        (equal ?PART1 ?PART2)))))

If sentence shi4 ju4 zi5 de5 shi2 li4, then there exist ming2 ci2 ci2 zu3 phrase1,dong4 ci2 ci2 zu3 phrase2 so_that_not phrase1 shi4 sentence de5 bu4 fen5) and phrase2 shi4 sentence de5 bu4 fen5).

(=>
      (instance ?SENTENCE Sentence)
      (exists
            (?PHRASE1 ?PHRASE2)
            (and
                  (instance ?PHRASE1 NounPhrase)
                  (instance ?PHRASE2 VerbPhrase)
                  (part ?PHRASE1 ?SENTENCE)
                  (part ?PHRASE2 ?SENTENCE))))

If text shi4 wen2 ben3 de5 shi2 li4, then there exists ju4 zi5 part so_that_not part shi4 text de5 bu4 fen5).

(=>
      (instance ?TEXT Text)
      (exists
            (?PART)
            (and
                  (part ?PART ?TEXT)
                  (instance ?PART Sentence))))

If sent shi4 ju4 zi5 de5 shi2 li4, then there exist ming2 ci2 ci2 zu3 noun,dong4 ci2 ci2 zu3 verb so_that_not noun shi4 sent de5 bu4 fen5) and verb shi4 sent de5 bu4 fen5).

(=>
      (instance ?SENT Sentence)
      (exists
            (?NOUN ?VERB)
            (and
                  (instance ?NOUN NounPhrase)
                  (instance ?VERB VerbPhrase)
                  (part ?NOUN ?SENT)
                  (part ?VERB ?SENT))))

If mole shi4 fen1 zi3 de5 shi2 li4, then there exist yuan2 zi3 atom1,yuan2 zi3 atom2 so_that_not atom1 shi4 mole de5 bu4 fen5) and atom2 shi4 mole de5 bu4 fen5) and atom1 deng3 yu1 atom2.

(=>
      (instance ?MOLE Molecule)
      (exists
            (?ATOM1 ?ATOM2)
            (and
                  (instance ?ATOM1 Atom)
                  (instance ?ATOM2 Atom)
                  (part ?ATOM1 ?MOLE)
                  (part ?ATOM2 ?MOLE)
                  (not
                        (equal ?ATOM1 ?ATOM2)))))

If clothing shi4 yi1 wu4 de5 shi2 li4, then there exists zhi4 wu4 fabric so_that_not fabric shi4 clothing de5 bu4 fen5).

(=>
      (instance ?CLOTHING Clothing)
      (exists
            (?FABRIC)
            (and
                  (instance ?FABRIC Fabric)
                  (part ?FABRIC ?CLOTHING))))

If qian2 de5 shi4 obj de5 shu3 xing4, then there doesn't exist subobj so_that_not subobj shi4 obj de5 bu4 fen5) and ye4 ti1 de5 shi4 subobj de5 shu3 xing4.

(=>
      (attribute ?OBJ Dry)
      (not
            (exists
                  (?SUBOBJ)
                  (and
                        (part ?SUBOBJ ?OBJ)
                        (attribute ?SUBOBJ Liquid)))))

if shi1 de5 shi4 obj de5 shu3 xing4,
then for all part holds: if part shi4 obj de5 bu4 fen5), then there exists subpart so_that_not subpart shi4 part de5 bu4 fen5) and ye4 ti1 de5 shi4 subpart de5 shu3 xing4

(=>
      (attribute ?OBJ Wet)
      (forall
            (?PART)
            (=>
                  (part ?PART ?OBJ)
                  (exists
                        (?SUBPART)
                        (and
                              (part ?SUBPART ?PART)
                              (attribute ?SUBPART Liquid))))))

If body shi4 sheng1 zhi2 gou4 zao4 de5 shi2 li4 and body shi4 org de5 bu4 fen5) and org shi4 sheng1 wu4 ti1 de5 shi2 li4, then ci2 xing4 shi4 org de5 shu3 xing4.

(=>
      (and
            (instance ?BODY ReproductiveBody)
            (part ?BODY ?ORG)
            (instance ?ORG Organism))
      (attribute ?ORG Female))